US3635287A - Once-through vapor generator - Google Patents

Once-through vapor generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3635287A
US3635287A US15483A US3635287DA US3635287A US 3635287 A US3635287 A US 3635287A US 15483 A US15483 A US 15483A US 3635287D A US3635287D A US 3635287DA US 3635287 A US3635287 A US 3635287A
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United States
Prior art keywords
feedfluid
shroud
vessel
inner passage
inlet
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US15483A
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English (en)
Inventor
Theodore S Sprague
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Babcock and Wilcox Co
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Babcock and Wilcox Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Babcock and Wilcox Co filed Critical Babcock and Wilcox Co
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Publication of US3635287A publication Critical patent/US3635287A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/08—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being steam
    • F22B1/14—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being steam coming in direct contact with water in bulk or in sprays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/22—Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/228—Headers for distributing feedwater into steam generator vessels; Accessories therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/42—Applications, arrangements, or dispositions of alarm or automatic safety devices

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT 22 F1 d M 2 1970 l 1 l 6 ar A method and apparatus for separately introducing an auxilia- [21] Appl. No.: 15,483 ry feedfluid into a shell-and-tube-type vapor generator when the flow of main feedfluid is discontinued.
  • the auxiliary feedfluid provides the vapor for preheating the entering main feed- [52] US.
  • This invention relates generally to a shell-and-tube-type vapor generator and more particularly to improvements in the arrangement for introducing a vaporizable feedfluid into a once-through vapor generator.
  • the improvements of the present invention are directed to vapor generators of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • vapor generators of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,385,268 and 3,447,509 by providing an arrangement whereby the introduction of main feedfluid into the vapor generator can be resumed without delay following a stoppage in the flow of feedfluid during the operation of the vapor generator.
  • the arrangement includes a plurality of nozzles penetrating the upper end of the shroud to discharge a controlled quantity of auxiliary feedfluid directly into the inner passage of the vapor generator.
  • a typical auxiliary feedfluid system has a maximum flow capacity of approximately 3.5 percent of the full main feedfluid flow.
  • the shroud and heat exchange tubes are relatively thin-walled and able to withstand the temperature differentials resulting from the introduction of nonpreheated auxiliary feedfluid.
  • auxiliary feedfluid is injected directly into the inner passage and vaporizes as it comes into contact with the hot tubes, resulting in a vapor pressure buildup within the generator. Prompt resumption of main feedfluid flow to the vapor generator is made possible through the use of auxiliary feedfluid vapor to preheat the entering main feedfluid. As soon as normal vapor generation is established, the flow of auxiliary feedfluid can be discontinued.
  • auxiliary feedfluid system to remove decay heat from the vapor generator and its associated heat source, e.g., a nuclear reactor, during a plant shutdown.
  • a predetermined rate of cooling can be maintained by regulating the quantity of auxiliary feedfluid introduced into the vapor generator and discharging the resulting vapor directly to the condenser.
  • FIG. I is a sectional elevation view of a once-through vapor generator embodying the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse section taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse section taken along line 33 in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a heat exchanger in the form of a oncethrough vapor generating and superheating unit It) comprising a vertically elongated cylindrical pressure vessel II closed at its opposite ends by an upper head member I2 and a lower head member 13.
  • the vessel 11 is transversely divided by upper and lower tube sheets 14 and I5 respectively.
  • the upper tube sheet 14 is integrally attached to vessel II and upper head member 12 and forms in combination with the upper head member a fluid inlet chamber I6.
  • the lower tube sheet 15 is integrally attached to vessel 11 and lower head member 13 and forms in combination with the lower head member a fluid outlet chamber I7.
  • a multiplicity of straight tubes 18 arranged to form a tube bank extend vertically between the upper and lower tube sheets M and I5 and penetrate through both tube sheets to interconnect the fluid inlet chamber 16 with the fluid outlet chamber I7.
  • a cylindrically shaped lower shroud member I9 surrounds the tubes 18 and extends upwardly from the upper face of the lower tube sheet I5 and terminating at a plane intermediate the height of vessel II.
  • This lower shroud defines the lower portion of an inner passage or steam-generating riser chamber 20 which contains the lower portion of tubes 13 and cooperates with the vessel II to form the lower portion of a circumscribing annular-shaped outer passage or inlet compartment 21.
  • Openings 22 circumferentially spaced about the lower portion of shroud I9 provide flow communication between the inlet compartment 2I and the riser chamber 20.
  • An adjustable circular segmental plate orifice 23 projects outwardly from the shroud 19 at approximately the level of the top edge of openings 22.
  • a cylindrically shaped upper shroud member 24 extends upwardly from a plane closely spaced above the upper edge of lower shroud I9 to a plane located below the upper tube sheet 14.
  • This upper shroud 24 forms the upper portion of an inner passage or steam-generating and superheating chamber 25 and being an extension of chamber 20, contains the upper section of tubes 18.
  • the shroud 24 in cooperation with the vessel 11 forms the upper portion of an annular-shaped outer passage or outlet compartment 26.
  • the lower end of compartment 26 is sealed closed by an annular plate 27 welded about its outer edge to the vessel 11 and around its inner edge to the shroud 24.
  • the open space 28 between the top edge of shroud I9 and the bottom plate 27 of shroud 24 is in flow communication with the inlet compartment 21.
  • a number of tube supports 29 are spaced along the length of the bank of tubes I8 within the chambers 20 and 25.
  • a plurality of main feedfluid nozzles 30 extend through the wall of vessel II with their respective outlet ends discharging into the inlet compartment 21 near or at the same level as the open space 28 and as shown by the spray pattern at 30A.
  • Connecting pipes 31 join nozzles 30 to a ring-shaped main feedfluid heater 32 which encircles the vessel Ill below the nozzles 30.
  • auxiliary feedfluid nozzles 33 extend through the wall of vessel 11 and the upper shroud 24% with their respective outlet ends discharging into the steam-generating and superheating chamber 25 as shown by the spray pattern at 33A.
  • Connecting pipes 34 join nozzles 33 to a ring-shaped auxiliary feedfluid header 35 which encircles the vessel II below the nozzles 33.
  • the upper head member 12 is provided with an inlet connection 36 for admitting heating fluid to chamber I6 while lower head member I3 is provided with an outlet connection 37 for discharging the heating fluid from chamber I7.
  • the vessel I1 includes outlet connections 38 for delivering the superheated vapor to the point of use, and manway 39 and inspection ports 40 and 41 which provide physical and visual access to the interior of the vessel. Also included are fluid level sensing connections 42, vent connection 43 and drain connections 44,
  • the upper and lower heads 12 and 13 are provided with manways 45 and 46 and inspection ports 47 and 48 respectively and lower head 13 also includes a drain connection 49.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a transverse section of the once-through vapor-generating and superheating unit taken at section 2-2 of FIG. 1, i.e., at the auxiliary feed inlet to the unit.
  • the auxiliary feedfluid nozzles 33 are shown spaced circumferentially about the vessel 11 and extending through the vessel wall, across the outlet compartment 26 and through the upper shroud member 24 to discharge directly into the upper portion of the inner passage of the generating and superheating chamber 25 as shown at 33A.
  • An auxiliary feedfluid header 35 made up of two arcuate sections joined by a flanged connection 50, supplies fluid through the connecting pipes 34 to the nozzles 33 for discharge over the outside of tubes 18.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a transverse section of the once-through vapor-generating and superheating unit 10 taken at section 3-3 of FIG. 1, i.e., at the main feedfluid inlet to the unit and including the multiple main feedfluid nozzles 30, only five of which are actually shown, spaced circumferentially about the vessel 11 and extending through the vessel wall to discharge directly downward into the inlet compartment 21.
  • a main feedfluid header 32 made up of two separate arcuate sections, supplies fluid through the connecting pipes 31 to the nozzles 30 for discharge into compartment 21.
  • the lower shroud member 19 defines the outer periphery of the lower portion of the inner passage or riser chamber 20 which houses the lower length section of tubes 18.
  • primary coolant received from a pressurized water reactor or a similar source, not shown, is supplied to the upper chamber 16 through the inlet connection 36.
  • the primary coolant gives up heat to a secondary fluid during passage through the tubes 18 of vapor generator MD and thus will hereinafter be referred to as the heating fluid.
  • the heating fluid flows downwardly through the tubes 18 into the lower chamber 17 and is discharged from the vapor generator through the outlet connection 37.
  • the feedfluid flows downwardly through the inlet compartment 21 and past the adjustable orifice 23 and through the shroud openings 22 into the riser chamber 20.
  • the main feedfluid enters the riser chamber 20 at substantially saturation temperature and vapor generation commences immediately. It flows upwardly about the tubes in counterflow and indirect heattransfer relationship with the heating fluid flowing within the tubes 18.
  • vapor is generated ranging from zero quality at the lower tube sheet to substantially lOO-percent quality adjacent the upper end of the lower shroud 19.
  • a portion of the main feedfluid in the form of vapor at substantially I00- percent quality is withdrawn from the top of shroud l9 and passed through the open space 28 to mix with and heat the main feedfluid being discharged from the nozzles 30.
  • this vapor mixes with the incoming feedfluid, it condenses resulting in a slight reduction in pressure which provides an aspirating effect causing the withdrawal of vapor from within the chamber into the inlet compartment 21.
  • the withdrawn vapor gives up its latent heat of vaporization to the incoming feedfluid with the mixture being heated substantially to saturation temperature. That portion of vapor which has not been withdrawn is passed upwardly through the superheating chamber 25 and is superheated before it reverses direction about the upper shroud 24. it then flows downwardly through the outlet compartment 26 between the upper shroud and the shell and finally exits from the unit through the vapor outlet connections.
  • the nuclear reactor is automatically shutdown while the primary coolant or heating fluid continues to pass through the reactor and through the vapor generator at a selected rate of flow.
  • the auxiliary feedfluid system becomes activated substantially simultaneously with the loss of the main feedfluid supply.
  • Auxiliary fluid is supplied to the header 35 and injected through the nozzles 33 directly into the upper portion of the inner passage or superheating chamber 25 some of which vaporizes as it comes into contact with the heated tubes 18 resulting in a vapor pressure buildup within the generator.
  • Auxiliary feedfluid continues to flow in at a selected rate of flow so as to maintain a preset minimum water level. Decay heat from the reactor is removed by continuing the indirect heat exchange between the primary coolant and the auxiliary feedfluid and discharging the resulting steam directly to the condenser.
  • the rate of cooling for the nuclear reactor and generating equipment may be predetermined by regulating the quantity of auxiliary feedfluid flowing into the vapor generator.
  • the auxiliary feedwater system has a flow range from 0 to approximately 3.5 percent of full load main feedwater flow and is capable of removing up to 5 percent of reactor power, assuming a feedwater inlet temperature of F, and generation of saturated steam at full load steam pressure conditions.
  • a heat exchanger comprising:
  • a shroud means surrounding the tubes and cooperating with the vessel to form inner and outer passages, said outer passage being separated into inlet and outlet compartments, each of said compartments flow-communicating with the inner passage,
  • a heat exchanger according to claim 1 wherein the means for introducing the first feedfluid includes a plurality of nozzles discharging into said inlet compartment.
  • a heat exchanger according to claim 1 wherein the shroud means comprises separate upper and lower shroud members, said upper and lower members cooperating with the vessel to form outlet and inlet compartments respectively.
  • a heat exchanger according to claim 3 wherein the separate means for introducing the second feedfluid includes a plurality of nozzles extending through the upper shroud member for discharging into the inner passage.
  • a heat exchanger according to claim 3 wherein the means for withdrawing a portion of the partially heated fluid includes at least one opening between adjacent ends of said upper and lower shroud members for providing flow communication between the inner passage and the inlet compart- 5 ment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
US15483A 1970-03-02 1970-03-02 Once-through vapor generator Expired - Lifetime US3635287A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1548370A 1970-03-02 1970-03-02

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Country Status (10)

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US (1) US3635287A (ja)
JP (1) JPS4946641B1 (ja)
BE (1) BE763676A (ja)
CA (1) CA932319A (ja)
DE (1) DE2109825C3 (ja)
FR (1) FR2081618B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1292236A (ja)
NL (1) NL160377C (ja)
SE (1) SE369560B (ja)
ZA (1) ZA711164B (ja)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3771596A (en) * 1971-10-27 1973-11-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Industrial technique
US3776302A (en) * 1972-02-14 1973-12-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp Tube and shell heat exchanger
US3942481A (en) * 1974-09-18 1976-03-09 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Blowdown arrangement
US3989105A (en) * 1972-02-22 1976-11-02 Georges Trepaud Heat exchanger
US4057033A (en) * 1975-08-08 1977-11-08 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Industrial technique
US4219080A (en) * 1977-05-16 1980-08-26 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Plate-type heat exchanger
US4502419A (en) * 1984-05-14 1985-03-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Discharge tube for inhibiting stratification in feedwater headers of a steam generator
US6708651B1 (en) 2003-05-05 2004-03-23 Babcock & Wilcox Canada Ltd. Feedwater apparatus

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3811498A (en) * 1972-04-27 1974-05-21 Babcock & Wilcox Co Industrial technique
FR2340523A1 (fr) * 1976-02-04 1977-09-02 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur pour production de vapeur
DE2735064C3 (de) * 1977-08-01 1980-02-07 Borsig Gmbh, 1000 Berlin Rohrbundel-Warmeaustauscher mit einer Dampftrommel
FR2467355A1 (fr) * 1979-10-08 1981-04-17 Framatome Sa Perfectionnements a la realisation des boites a eau de generateur de vapeur
EP0106463A3 (en) * 1982-09-16 1986-12-30 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Heat exchangers
JPS63169112A (ja) * 1987-01-05 1988-07-13 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co 負荷駆動回路
RU2663967C1 (ru) * 2017-07-14 2018-08-13 Владимир Александрович Шишков Способ повышения эффективности работы парогенератора и устройство для его осуществления
RU2664038C1 (ru) * 2017-08-03 2018-08-14 Владимир Александрович Шишков Парогенератор
RU2707347C1 (ru) * 2019-02-18 2019-11-26 Владимир Александрович Шишков Устройство повышения устойчивости течения и эффективности работы парогенерирующего канала

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3437077A (en) * 1966-01-21 1969-04-08 Babcock & Wilcox Co Once-through vapor generator
US3447509A (en) * 1965-01-18 1969-06-03 Babcock & Wilcox Co Once-through vapor generator

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3385268A (en) * 1965-01-18 1968-05-28 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of operating a once-through vapor generator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3447509A (en) * 1965-01-18 1969-06-03 Babcock & Wilcox Co Once-through vapor generator
US3437077A (en) * 1966-01-21 1969-04-08 Babcock & Wilcox Co Once-through vapor generator

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3771596A (en) * 1971-10-27 1973-11-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Industrial technique
US3776302A (en) * 1972-02-14 1973-12-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp Tube and shell heat exchanger
US3989105A (en) * 1972-02-22 1976-11-02 Georges Trepaud Heat exchanger
US3942481A (en) * 1974-09-18 1976-03-09 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Blowdown arrangement
US4057033A (en) * 1975-08-08 1977-11-08 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Industrial technique
US4219080A (en) * 1977-05-16 1980-08-26 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Plate-type heat exchanger
US4502419A (en) * 1984-05-14 1985-03-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Discharge tube for inhibiting stratification in feedwater headers of a steam generator
US6708651B1 (en) 2003-05-05 2004-03-23 Babcock & Wilcox Canada Ltd. Feedwater apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4946641B1 (ja) 1974-12-11
NL7102749A (ja) 1971-09-06
NL160377C (nl) 1979-10-15
DE2109825B2 (de) 1974-05-30
FR2081618A1 (ja) 1971-12-10
DE2109825A1 (de) 1971-09-23
DE2109825C3 (de) 1978-05-24
BE763676A (fr) 1971-08-02
FR2081618B1 (ja) 1975-03-21
GB1292236A (en) 1972-10-11
SE369560B (ja) 1974-09-02
ZA711164B (en) 1971-11-24
CA932319A (en) 1973-08-21

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