US3632976A - Differential and/or discontinuous heating along pipelines by heat-generating pipes utilizing skin-effect current - Google Patents

Differential and/or discontinuous heating along pipelines by heat-generating pipes utilizing skin-effect current Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3632976A
US3632976A US833418A US3632976DA US3632976A US 3632976 A US3632976 A US 3632976A US 833418 A US833418 A US 833418A US 3632976D A US3632976D A US 3632976DA US 3632976 A US3632976 A US 3632976A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ferromagnetic
heat
pipeline
pipe
pipes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US833418A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Masao Ando
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JNC Corp
Original Assignee
Chisso Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chisso Corp filed Critical Chisso Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3632976A publication Critical patent/US3632976A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/04—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L53/00—Heating of pipes or pipe systems; Cooling of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/30—Heating of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/34—Heating of pipes or pipe systems using electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields, e.g. induction, dielectric or microwave heating

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for adjusting heat quantities to be supplied to pipeline, when a pipeline is to be electrically heated by one or more heat-generating pipes utilizing skin-effect current. More particularly it relates to a method for efficiently transporting a fluid through pipelines while maintaining it at an adequate temperature without overheating and oveicooling. The variation in fluid temperature is minimized by means of adjustment of heat quantities in accordance with variations of heat losses due to variations of pipe diameter and/or of circumstance in the location of pipeline.
  • FIG. I shows a schematic longitudinal, cross-sectional view of a known heat-generating pipe utilizing skin-effect current.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a pipe 1 is made of ferromagnetic material such as steel, in which a conductor line 2 is laid and electrically insulated from the pipe wall.
  • a circuit is made by connecting one end of this conductor with one end 3 of the pipe 1 and connecting the other ends of both the conductor 2 and a conductor 5 (connected with the other end 4 of pipe), respectively with terminals of a power source.
  • an alternating current of a suitable frequency is applied to this circuit consisting of the conductor 2-the ferromagnetic pipe 1-the conductor 5, the current forms a concentrated flow along the inner skin portion of the pipe wall because of skin effect, generating Joules heat at the skin parts.
  • SEC T System Skin Electric Current Tracing
  • temperature may be controlled onedimensionally over its entire length according to flow quantities.
  • heat output to be supplied to the pipeline must be varied according to the heat loss of each part of the pipeline in order to transport fluid at a temperature as constant as possible.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for heating a pipeline having many sections with different heat losses, by the use of a single power source and with simple equipment that has a great deal of economical advantage.
  • This object can be attained by the method of the present invention.
  • This method comprises adjusting the placement density of the heat-generating pipe by length adjustmentof the heat-generating pipe or by the spacing of successive heat generating pipes in accordance with heat losses of the pipeline in any given section.
  • FIG. 2 in which number 6 is a pipeline through which fluid flows from one end 7 to the other end 10. Since there is another inflow of fluid from a branch pipe 8 and a partial outflow of fluid from a branch pipe 9, flow quantities through sections A, B and C are not constant. Obviously fluid flowing through the section B has the largest quantity. If the flow quantity flowing through the section A is greater than that through the section C, the relation among the flow quantities I flowing through the respective section is B A C. Accordingly, when each pipe diameter for every section as above-mentioned is to be varied in accordance with the respective flow quantity, the relation among the heat losses as well as the relation among the pipe surface area per unit length should also be B A C.
  • number 11 is a ferromagnetic pipe laid onto the section B (which has the maximum flow quantity, i.e., the largest pipe diameter.)
  • This Figure is shows only one heat-generat ing pipe, but it is to be understood that a plurality of pipes may be used instead of one.
  • Numbers 12 and 12' are ferromagnetic pipes laid onto the section A which has a flow quantity smaller than the section B, that is, a smaller pipe diameter.
  • Number 13 and 13' denote ferromagnetic pipes laid onto the section C which are to be installed with less installation density than either section A or section B.
  • Number 14 is an electric conductor, which is inserted in each ferromagnetic pipe with electrical insulation interposed between the conductor and each of the inner walls of pipe starting from the left end of a ferromagnetic pipe 12 to the end of a ferro pipe 13.
  • One end of the conductor 14 is connected electrically to the right end 16 of 13 and the other end thereof is connected to one terminal of an alternating power source. Further, the left end of a ferromagnetic pipe 12 is connected to another terminal of the alternating power source through a conductor 17.
  • each ferromagnetic pipe When an alternating voltage is applied to this circuit, the current which flows through each ferromagnetic pipe is concentrated limitedly only through the thin inner wall portion of each ferromagnetic pipe, and in each generates a relatively a large amount of heat; on the other hand, at the locations where the heat-generating pipes are omitted, heat generation is so small as to be negligible, because the current diffuses to the pipeline at those locations.
  • the heat output can be changed to the desired amount for any section of the pipeline with the arrangement as illustrated in FIG. 2; by varying placement density of the heat-generating pipes for each of the sections A, B and C of pipeline, and yet the maintenance is easy because the control of the system can be done one-dimensionally from one power source.
  • groundings are made at two points such as 20 and 21 within this span, there appear ground currents. Therefore, it is preferred and recommended to avoid such groundings.
  • the values of these ground currents are less than one-several hundredth, triflingly small as compared with the current applied to the heatgenerating pipe, so that decrease of power efflciency tor heating is out of the question. It is evident, however, that every and certain kinds of fats', for substances which are solids at normal temperature, such as fatty acids, sulphur, phthalic anhydride etc. to be liquidized for transportation; and for mixed gases having a dew point higher than normal temperature.
  • each pipeline section having different heat requirements depending upon the amounts of fluid flowing therethrough and the heat loss therefrom,
  • said electrical conductor passing through the interior of a discontinuous sequence of ferromagnetic pipes but being electrically insulated from the interior of said discontinui.
  • the AC source frequency and the wall thickness of the ferromagnetic pipe being such that the AC source current flowing in the pipe wall will be concentrated by the AC skin effect into the interior surface regions of the walls of the discontinuous sequence of ferromagnetic pipes to thereby generate Joulean heat in each sequentially disposed pipeline section in accordance with its heat requirements.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
US833418A 1968-06-17 1969-06-16 Differential and/or discontinuous heating along pipelines by heat-generating pipes utilizing skin-effect current Expired - Lifetime US3632976A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP43041785A JPS4818550B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-06-17 1968-06-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3632976A true US3632976A (en) 1972-01-04

Family

ID=12617991

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US833418A Expired - Lifetime US3632976A (en) 1968-06-17 1969-06-16 Differential and/or discontinuous heating along pipelines by heat-generating pipes utilizing skin-effect current

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3632976A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4818550B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1930601C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2011093A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1227904A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3983360A (en) * 1974-11-27 1976-09-28 Chevron Research Company Means for sectionally increasing the heat output in a heat-generating pipe
US4110599A (en) * 1974-11-04 1978-08-29 Chevron Research Company Method and means for decreasing the heat output of a segment of a heat generating pipe
US4132884A (en) * 1976-02-05 1979-01-02 Chevron Research Company Method and means for segmentally reducing heat output in a heat-tracing pipe
US4408117A (en) * 1980-05-28 1983-10-04 Yurkanin Robert M Impedance heating system with skin effect particularly for railroad tank cars
WO1985004068A1 (en) * 1984-03-06 1985-09-12 Metcal, Inc. Slotted autoregulating heater
US5073625A (en) * 1983-05-26 1991-12-17 Metcal, Inc. Self-regulating porous heating device
CN102506260A (zh) * 2011-11-08 2012-06-20 刘振华 油田气井出口输出管道加热方法
CN107339082A (zh) * 2017-07-28 2017-11-10 大庆科丰石油技术开发有限公司 井口集肤效应电加热装置
WO2022261560A1 (en) * 2021-06-11 2022-12-15 Nvent Services Gmbh System and method for electric heating trace system management

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8453739B2 (en) * 2010-11-19 2013-06-04 Harris Corporation Triaxial linear induction antenna array for increased heavy oil recovery
US8443887B2 (en) 2010-11-19 2013-05-21 Harris Corporation Twinaxial linear induction antenna array for increased heavy oil recovery

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1480907A (en) * 1922-12-01 1924-01-15 Simplex Electric Heating Compa Heating element for fluid circulatory systems
US1995302A (en) * 1933-11-24 1935-03-26 Goldstein Harold Adjustable heating infusion apparatus
US2954826A (en) * 1957-12-02 1960-10-04 William E Sievers Heated well production string
US3293407A (en) * 1962-11-17 1966-12-20 Chisso Corp Apparatus for maintaining liquid being transported in a pipe line at an elevated temperature
US3410977A (en) * 1966-03-28 1968-11-12 Ando Masao Method of and apparatus for heating the surface part of various construction materials

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH386586A (de) * 1959-11-03 1965-01-15 Z Elektrotepelnych Zarizeni Ze Einrichtung zum induktiven Heizen an einem Stahlband, insbesondere für Wehre und Talsperren
FR1403378A (fr) * 1964-07-27 1965-06-18 Electro Trace Corp Système de chauffage de tuyaux
GB1072905A (en) * 1964-11-06 1967-06-21 Deputy Minister Of Ministerul Oil well heaters

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1480907A (en) * 1922-12-01 1924-01-15 Simplex Electric Heating Compa Heating element for fluid circulatory systems
US1995302A (en) * 1933-11-24 1935-03-26 Goldstein Harold Adjustable heating infusion apparatus
US2954826A (en) * 1957-12-02 1960-10-04 William E Sievers Heated well production string
US3293407A (en) * 1962-11-17 1966-12-20 Chisso Corp Apparatus for maintaining liquid being transported in a pipe line at an elevated temperature
US3410977A (en) * 1966-03-28 1968-11-12 Ando Masao Method of and apparatus for heating the surface part of various construction materials

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4110599A (en) * 1974-11-04 1978-08-29 Chevron Research Company Method and means for decreasing the heat output of a segment of a heat generating pipe
US3983360A (en) * 1974-11-27 1976-09-28 Chevron Research Company Means for sectionally increasing the heat output in a heat-generating pipe
US4132884A (en) * 1976-02-05 1979-01-02 Chevron Research Company Method and means for segmentally reducing heat output in a heat-tracing pipe
US4142093A (en) * 1976-02-05 1979-02-27 Chevron Research Company Method and means for segmentally reducing heat output in a heat-tracing pipe
US4408117A (en) * 1980-05-28 1983-10-04 Yurkanin Robert M Impedance heating system with skin effect particularly for railroad tank cars
US5073625A (en) * 1983-05-26 1991-12-17 Metcal, Inc. Self-regulating porous heating device
US4717814A (en) * 1983-06-27 1988-01-05 Metcal, Inc. Slotted autoregulating heater
WO1985004068A1 (en) * 1984-03-06 1985-09-12 Metcal, Inc. Slotted autoregulating heater
CN102506260A (zh) * 2011-11-08 2012-06-20 刘振华 油田气井出口输出管道加热方法
CN107339082A (zh) * 2017-07-28 2017-11-10 大庆科丰石油技术开发有限公司 井口集肤效应电加热装置
WO2022261560A1 (en) * 2021-06-11 2022-12-15 Nvent Services Gmbh System and method for electric heating trace system management

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1227904A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-04-15
DE1930601C3 (de) 1974-05-30
JPS4818550B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-06
FR2011093A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-02-27
DE1930601B2 (de) 1973-10-31
DE1930601A1 (de) 1969-12-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3293407A (en) Apparatus for maintaining liquid being transported in a pipe line at an elevated temperature
US3629551A (en) Controlling heat generation locally in a heat-generating pipe utilizing skin-effect current
US3706872A (en) System for electrically heating fluid-conveying pipe lines and other structures
US3632976A (en) Differential and/or discontinuous heating along pipelines by heat-generating pipes utilizing skin-effect current
US2740095A (en) Electrical conductor
US2306831A (en) Method of and apparatus for insuring flow of viscous liquid
US3983360A (en) Means for sectionally increasing the heat output in a heat-generating pipe
US3423570A (en) Electrical radiant heating system for fluid-receiving conduit structures
KR880001984A (ko) 전기 유체 가열기
ES8306951A1 (es) Dispositivo para calentar fluidos gaseosos o liquidos.
US3524966A (en) Heat-generating pipe utilizing skin effect of a.c. having improved insulation in conductor line
US3591770A (en) Heat generating pipe
US3755650A (en) Elongated heat-generating apparatus providing for a reduction in the highest voltage to be applied
US3665154A (en) Method for constructing transportation pipes and heat generating pipes utilizing skin-effect current
CN114641641A (zh) 管道电加热系统
US3046378A (en) Fluid heater
US2178720A (en) Induction heated pipe
US3632975A (en) Long heat-generating pipe utilizing skin effect of ac having one or more impedance elements in the circuit
US3053959A (en) Apparatus and method for heating fluids
US3377463A (en) Prefabricated electric resistance pipe heating system
US3571561A (en) Circuit for detecting abnormality in electric heating apparatus of pipe lines
ATE99485T1 (de) Elektrischer heizkoerper.
US3598959A (en) Method for partially increasing heat to be generated in a heat-generating pipe utilizing skin effect current
US3522440A (en) Method for supplying electricity to a heat-generating pipe utilizing skin effect of a.c.
US1861870A (en) Induction furnace