US3631704A - Apparatus for roll forming toothed workpieces - Google Patents

Apparatus for roll forming toothed workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3631704A
US3631704A US2104A US3631704DA US3631704A US 3631704 A US3631704 A US 3631704A US 2104 A US2104 A US 2104A US 3631704D A US3631704D A US 3631704DA US 3631704 A US3631704 A US 3631704A
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United States
Prior art keywords
workpiece
axis
rolling
support
forming
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US2104A
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English (en)
Inventor
John Leonard
Martin S Wenger Jr
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Teledyne Inc
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Teledyne Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of US3631704A publication Critical patent/US3631704A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
    • B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
    • B21H5/022—Finishing gear teeth with cylindrical outline, e.g. burnishing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49462—Gear making
    • Y10T29/49467—Gear shaping
    • Y10T29/49471—Roll forming

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for roll forming toothed workpieces and has particular application to the formation of parts, such as automotive transmission gears, which must meet unusually exacting standards for dimensional accuracy and quality of finish.
  • the traditional method of manufacturing such parts by first hobbing a cylindrical blank and forming the part to final dimensions by shaving has now been replaced in many operations by a technique which comprises substituting for the final shaving operation a roll finishing operation.
  • Examples of roll finishing apparatus are disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,362,059 and in copending application Ser. No. 809,365 filed Mar. 21, 1969 for Apparatus for Roll Forming Workpieces and application Ser. No. 817,669 filed Apr. 21, 1969 for Apparatus for Roll Forming workpieces.
  • the workpiece is rotatably mounted between a pair of rotating dies, one of which rotates about a fixed axis and the other of which rotates about a laterally displaceable axis.
  • the moveable die is shifted toward the fixed axis die and the workpiece is engaged under high pressure at peripherally opposed points by the two dies.
  • the present invention provides gear forming apparatus in which the workpieces are formed to final configuration by rotating them in high-pressure engagement with a single forming die carried by a driven arbor.
  • the workpiece is centrally apertured and is carried on a support assembly comprising a pair of axially aligned support members, one of which engages the workpiece aperture.
  • the support members preferably are each provided with a cylindrical pilot surface concentric with the workpiece axis and disposed closely adjacent to a side surface of the workpiece. Each of the pilot surfaces runs in rolling contact with a pair of cylindrical backup members rotatably mounted on the machine structure which carries the forming die.
  • the backup members absorb the full rolling load.
  • the axes of the backup members are offset equally from the plane containing the axes of forming roll and the workpiece. Accordingly the backup members also absorb any force developed during the rolling operation which tends to move the axis of the workpiece out of the plane containing the axis of the roll and the axis of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece support assembly is required to absorb only the relatively minor forces developed during rolling which tend to move the workpiece along its axis.
  • the absorption of these forces is accomplished by a two part support assembly, each part having a surface engageable with a side surface of the workpiece.
  • Each support part is moveable axially of the workpiece, one part being axially moveable to a predetermined position to positively locate the workpiece, the other part clamping the workpiece in its located position.
  • the forming roll, workpiece support assembly, and backup members are so arranged as to provide automatic gauging of the size of the workpiece inserted into the apparatus. This arrangement automatically prevents the insertion of a workpiece which is sufficiently oversize to damage the apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a gear finishing apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged front view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse section taken along line 33 of FIG. 2 showing details of the workpiece support apparatus
  • FlG. 4 is a vertical section taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 2 showing further details of construction.
  • the rolling apparatus of the present invention comprises a base structure indicated generally at 20 by which a head assembly 22 is supported upon an upwardly projecting rigid column 24. To impart further rigidity to the assembly the head section 22 is connected to an opposing head section 21 by a pair of tie bars 26 and 28.
  • An upper spindle assembly, indicated generally at 30, is rotatably supported in a trunnion assembly 32 carried by a column 34 projecting downwardly from the head section 22.
  • the spindle assembly is driven by any convenient means for example a hydraulic motor 36.
  • Convenn'onal mechanisms are included in the trunnion assembly 32 and the column 34 to permit all of the required adjustments, the axis of the upper spindle assembly 30 is fixed.
  • a die 38 preferably of the type disclosed in application Ser. No. 809,365 is rigidly secured to the upper spindle for rotation therewith about an axis concentric with the axis of the spindle assembly.
  • the workpiece W is carried by a support assembly, illustrated in detail in FIG. 3, comprising a pair of identical arbors 40 and 42 and a pair of fittings 44 and 46.
  • the arbors 40 and 42 are mounted for axial movement and for rotation in housings 47 and 48, respectively, carried by a frame structure 49 supported for vertical movement on a pair of vertical shafts 50 and 52 carried in suitable fittings rigid with the rear machine column 24.
  • the frame assembly 49 is biased upwardly by a spring 54 mounted centrally of the frame assembly.
  • the arbor assembly 40 is mounted in precision bearings 56 for rotation and axial sliding movement within the housing 47 and at its inner end is connected through a series of thrust bearings 58 to a fitting 60 on the end of a piston rod 62 projecting from a hydraulic motor 64 carried by the housing 47.
  • the arbor 42 is similarly mounted in the housing 48 and similarly connected to the piston of a somewhat smaller opposed hydraulic motor 66.
  • Each of the arbors 40 and 42 carry a spring loaded centering pin such as that shown at 67.
  • the fitting 44 has a flat end face 68 adapted to engage the flat end face of the arbor 40 and a central recess 70 for engagernent by the centering pin 67.
  • the fitting has an opposed radial surface 72 adapted to engage the side surface of the workpiece W.
  • a cylindrical section 74 on the fitting 44 projects through central aperture 76 of the workpiece in close clearance relation thereto and into a cylindrical recess 78 in the fitting 46.
  • a reduced end portion 80 of the cylindrical projection 74 is provided with a central recess 82 to receive the centering pin associated with the arbor 42. Accordingly, the workpiece is initially positively located with respect to the fittings 44 and 46 which as a unit, are positively initially located by the arbors 40 and 42.
  • the motor 66 is either smaller than the motor 64 or is supplied with fluid under reduced pressure. Accordingly, when the arbors 40 and 42 are advanced, the arbor 40 reaches the limit position determined by a stop, not shown, which may be located internally of the motor 64.
  • the arbor 42 is not permitted to reach a stop so it constantly urges the fitting 46 against the side face of the workpiece to urge the opposite side face against the locating surface 72 on the fitting 44. This arrangement assures the proper location of the workpiece along its own axis.
  • the arbors 40 and 42 are totally inadequate to absorb, with acceptable deflection, the loads imposed on the workpiece during the rolling operation.
  • the unique apparatus provided to absorb these loads includes the fittings 44 and 46 and associated pairs of backup members 84, 86 and 88, 90.
  • the backup members 84 and 88 are preferably carried by a common shaft 92 and the backup members 86'and 90 are similarly carried by a common shaft 94.
  • the shafts 92 and 94 are mounted in upwardly projecting arms 96 and 98 carried by a frame assembly 100 supported on slideways 102 and 104 for movement in a directional normal to the plane containing the axis of the die 38 and the workpiece W.
  • Slideways I02 and 104 are formed on the head assembly 106 of a conventional hydraulic ram, not shown, mounted to the lower machine head 21. As explained below, the ram is effective to raise the workpiece into rolling engagement with the die 38 and subsequently lower the workpiece after the rolling operation has been completed.
  • the frame assembly 100 carrying the backup members 84-90 is moved between the full line operating position shown in FIG. 4 and the dotted line loading position by a toggle mechanism 108.
  • a toggle mechanism 108 When the toggle mechanism is operated by movement of the handle 110 in a clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 4, a rod 112 attached to the toggle mechanism and the frame assembly 100 withdraws the latter to the right.
  • the arbors 40 and 42 are separated and the arbors and backup members are lowered.
  • the machine may be readied for loading by manipulating the toggle mechanism 108 to withdraw the backup rollers and associated structure to the dotted line position FIG. 4.
  • the workpiece and the fitting 46 are successively assembled on the fitting 44.
  • This subassembly is then positioned in place on the backup rollers 84-90 to dispose the cylindrical surface 1 14 of the fitting 44 in engagement with the corresponding cylindrical surfaces of the backup members 88 and 90 and the cylindrical surface 116 on the fitting 46 in contact with the corresponding cylindrical surfaces of the backup members 84 and 86.
  • the toggle mechanism 108 is then manipulated to move the parts to the full line position of FIG. 4.
  • Suitable adjustable stops areprovided to dispose the axes of the backup rollers in the proper relationship to a plane containing the axis of the die 38 and the workpiece W. It is a feature of the invention that the distance between the shafts 92 and 94 and the axis of the die 38 is such that when the hydraulic ram is lowered a properly sized workpiece can be easily moved into position but an oversized workpiece will be blocked thus preventing the inadvertant loading of an oversized workpiece which might cause breakage of the die.
  • the arbors 40 and 42 are advanced toward each other and the ends of the locating pins 67 enter the recesses provided in the fittings 44 and 46. As explained above the advancement of the arbor 40 continues until it abuts against a positive stop and the arbor 42 tightly clamps the workpiece in its proper axial position.
  • the rolling operation is initiated manually and thereafter performed automatically.
  • a two piece sheet metal shield assembly 118 is automatically raised to cover the front of the machine.
  • the motor 36 is then operated to drive the die 38 which is in rolling engagement with the workpiece W.
  • coolant is supplied throughout the rolling operation.
  • the main hydraulic ram is then energized to raise the head 100 together with the backup members 84-90 which in turn act on the fittings 44 and 46 to raise the workpiece, the arbors 40 and 42 and the associated frame structure 49 to bring the workpiece into pressure engagement with the die.
  • the upward movement of the parts is automatically arrested, the die and the workpiece are rotated through a suitable dwell period and the parts are then lowered.
  • the operation of the drive motor 36 is discontinued and the shield assembly 1 i8 is lowered.
  • the arbors 40 and 42 may then be axially separated to allow removal of the finished workpiece by manipulation of the toggle mechanism.
  • the arbors 40 and 42 and associated mechanisms are freed from any substantial radial loads and the workpiece runs in substantially exact coneentricity with its own axis. Further because of the location of the pilot surfaces 114 and 116 of the fittings 44 and 46, respectively, immediately adjacent to the side faces of the workpiece, bending moments are reduced to a minimum and deflections in this system approach their minimum theoretical value. To impart further rigidity to the system and to reduce the number of parts that must be manufactured to very close tolerances, the pairs of backup members 84 and 88 and 86 and 90 and their associated shafts 92 and 94, respectively, may be formed integrally.
  • Apparatus for roll forming a toothed workpiece comprising a toothed forming roll mounted for rotation about a predetermined axis, a workpiece support assembly adapted to support a workpiece for rotation about an axis essentially parallel to said predetermined axis and in rolling engagement with said forming roll, said support assembly comprising a pair of support members, means for moving one of said workpiece support members to a predetermined locating position, means to move the other member into clamping relation with said workpiece to hold said workpiece against said one support member at said locating position, thereby restraining said workpiece against movement along its axis, said support assembly having first and second cylindrical pilot surfaces concentric with the rotational axis thereof, said first and second pilot surfaces being disposed, respectively, at opposite sides of said workpiece, and means providing first and second pairs of cylindrical backup surfaces, each pair being adapted to run in rolling contact with one of said pilot surfaces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
US2104A 1970-01-12 1970-01-12 Apparatus for roll forming toothed workpieces Expired - Lifetime US3631704A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US210470A 1970-01-12 1970-01-12

Publications (1)

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US3631704A true US3631704A (en) 1972-01-04

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US2104A Expired - Lifetime US3631704A (en) 1970-01-12 1970-01-12 Apparatus for roll forming toothed workpieces

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3631704A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5220946B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA930208A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2061261A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2076053B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1298630A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE371118B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3738140A (en) * 1971-07-06 1973-06-12 Lear Siegler Inc Gear rolling machine
US3750443A (en) * 1970-11-06 1973-08-07 Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag Gear rolling machines
US3776011A (en) * 1972-05-10 1973-12-04 Lear Siegler Inc Double die gear rolling machine
JPS5051455A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-08-31 1975-05-08
US3992929A (en) * 1974-07-24 1976-11-23 Formflo Limited Split mandrel
US4383428A (en) * 1981-02-23 1983-05-17 Anderson-Cook, Inc. Loader for thin-wall spline rolling machine
US4384466A (en) * 1981-02-23 1983-05-24 Anderson-Cook, Inc. Hydraulic control circuit for loader of thin-wall spline rolling machine
US4848125A (en) * 1987-10-16 1989-07-18 Topy Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Wheel rim forming machine
US5152061A (en) * 1992-02-19 1992-10-06 Tesma International Inc. Cold-forming of toothed wheels from sheet steel
US5203223A (en) * 1992-02-19 1993-04-20 Tesma International Inc. Cold-forming of toothed wheels from sheet steel
US5237744A (en) * 1992-02-19 1993-08-24 Tesma International Inc. Method of cold-forming toothed wheels
US5774986A (en) * 1995-09-22 1998-07-07 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for cold-forming of toothed wheels from sheet metal
US6151941A (en) * 1999-01-25 2000-11-28 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Apparatus and method for roll forming gears
US6327887B1 (en) * 1997-12-07 2001-12-11 Feintool International Holding Ag Process for shaping a work piece
EP3530368A1 (en) * 2018-02-23 2019-08-28 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for manufacturing gear

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2203111A1 (de) * 1972-01-24 1973-08-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zum spanlosen herstellen eines hohlzylinders, insbesondere eines polgehaeuses fuer elektrische maschinen
CH609261A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-06-30 1979-02-28 Grob Ernst Fa
JPS5640116A (en) * 1979-09-07 1981-04-16 Kinji Yabuki Bath tub
DE3110433A1 (de) * 1981-03-18 1983-02-17 DIAG-Deutsche Industrieanlagen Gesellschaft mbH Werk Fritz Werner Werkzeugmaschinen, 1000 Berlin Verfahren und vorrichtung zum umformen von insb. metallischen werkstuecken, wie verzahnungen, wellen, zylindrischen laufflaechen u.a.

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3434322A (en) * 1964-01-10 1969-03-25 Torrington Co Method and apparatus for rolling bearing races
US3552167A (en) * 1968-09-26 1971-01-05 Lear Siegler Inc Gear rolling equipment

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3434322A (en) * 1964-01-10 1969-03-25 Torrington Co Method and apparatus for rolling bearing races
US3552167A (en) * 1968-09-26 1971-01-05 Lear Siegler Inc Gear rolling equipment

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3750443A (en) * 1970-11-06 1973-08-07 Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag Gear rolling machines
US3738140A (en) * 1971-07-06 1973-06-12 Lear Siegler Inc Gear rolling machine
US3776011A (en) * 1972-05-10 1973-12-04 Lear Siegler Inc Double die gear rolling machine
JPS5051455A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-08-31 1975-05-08
US3992929A (en) * 1974-07-24 1976-11-23 Formflo Limited Split mandrel
US4383428A (en) * 1981-02-23 1983-05-17 Anderson-Cook, Inc. Loader for thin-wall spline rolling machine
US4384466A (en) * 1981-02-23 1983-05-24 Anderson-Cook, Inc. Hydraulic control circuit for loader of thin-wall spline rolling machine
US4848125A (en) * 1987-10-16 1989-07-18 Topy Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Wheel rim forming machine
US5152061A (en) * 1992-02-19 1992-10-06 Tesma International Inc. Cold-forming of toothed wheels from sheet steel
US5203223A (en) * 1992-02-19 1993-04-20 Tesma International Inc. Cold-forming of toothed wheels from sheet steel
US5237744A (en) * 1992-02-19 1993-08-24 Tesma International Inc. Method of cold-forming toothed wheels
US5774986A (en) * 1995-09-22 1998-07-07 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for cold-forming of toothed wheels from sheet metal
US6327887B1 (en) * 1997-12-07 2001-12-11 Feintool International Holding Ag Process for shaping a work piece
US6151941A (en) * 1999-01-25 2000-11-28 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Apparatus and method for roll forming gears
US6151778A (en) * 1999-01-25 2000-11-28 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Apparatus and method for roll forming gears
EP3530368A1 (en) * 2018-02-23 2019-08-28 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for manufacturing gear
CN110180978A (zh) * 2018-02-23 2019-08-30 丰田自动车株式会社 齿轮的制造方法以及制造装置
US11148187B2 (en) 2018-02-23 2021-10-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method for manufacturing a gear

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2076053B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-08
DE2061261A1 (de) 1971-07-22
GB1298630A (en) 1972-12-06
SE371118B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-11-11
FR2076053A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-15
JPS5220946B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-06-07
CA930208A (en) 1973-07-17

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