US3630728A - Electrophotographic method of forming relief images - Google Patents

Electrophotographic method of forming relief images Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3630728A
US3630728A US801303A US3630728DA US3630728A US 3630728 A US3630728 A US 3630728A US 801303 A US801303 A US 801303A US 3630728D A US3630728D A US 3630728DA US 3630728 A US3630728 A US 3630728A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
binder
resin
electrophotographic process
toner
copolymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US801303A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yasuo Tamai
Satoru Honjo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujifilm Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3630728A publication Critical patent/US3630728A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16T—STEAM TRAPS OR LIKE APPARATUS FOR DRAINING-OFF LIQUIDS FROM ENCLOSURES PREDOMINANTLY CONTAINING GASES OR VAPOURS
    • F16T1/00—Steam traps or like apparatus for draining-off liquids from enclosures predominantly containing gases or vapours, e.g. gas lines, steam lines, containers
    • F16T1/38—Component parts; Accessories
    • F16T1/45—Means for venting or aerating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16T—STEAM TRAPS OR LIKE APPARATUS FOR DRAINING-OFF LIQUIDS FROM ENCLOSURES PREDOMINANTLY CONTAINING GASES OR VAPOURS
    • F16T1/00—Steam traps or like apparatus for draining-off liquids from enclosures predominantly containing gases or vapours, e.g. gas lines, steam lines, containers
    • F16T1/20—Steam traps or like apparatus for draining-off liquids from enclosures predominantly containing gases or vapours, e.g. gas lines, steam lines, containers with valves controlled by floats
    • F16T1/22—Steam traps or like apparatus for draining-off liquids from enclosures predominantly containing gases or vapours, e.g. gas lines, steam lines, containers with valves controlled by floats of closed-hollow-body type
    • F16T1/24—Steam traps or like apparatus for draining-off liquids from enclosures predominantly containing gases or vapours, e.g. gas lines, steam lines, containers with valves controlled by floats of closed-hollow-body type using levers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/26—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern for the production of printing plates for non-xerographic printing processes
    • G03G13/32—Relief printing plates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
    • G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
    • G03G5/0596—Macromolecular compounds characterised by their physical properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08724—Polyvinylesters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08726—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
    • G03G9/08731—Polymers of nitriles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08735—Polymers of unsaturated cyclic compounds having no unsaturated aliphatic groups in a side-chain, e.g. coumarone-indene resins
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08737—Polymers derived from conjugated dienes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08746—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
    • G03G9/08748—Phenoplasts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08753—Epoxyresins
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08762—Other polymers having oxygen as the only heteroatom in the main chain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
    • G03G9/09733—Organic compounds
    • G03G9/09775—Organic compounds containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen

Definitions

  • PATENIEUIIEBZBIBYI 7 3,530,728
  • FIGZ INVENTORS YASUO TAMAI SATORU HONJO ELECTROPHO'IOGRAPHIC METHOD OF FORMING RELIEF IMAGES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1.
  • This invention relates to a novel process of electrophotography and more particularly, it relates to a process for preparing a resist.
  • a method which comprises forming a toner image on a photoconductive coating provided on a metallic base (said coating comprising a finely divided photoconductor and a hardenable binder, and said toner containing a catalyst promoting the hardening reaction of said binder) causing said toner to permeate sufficiently into the photoconductive coating through the action of either heat or a solvent, then maintaining the metal plate under conditions capable of accelerating the hardening of the binder, and, after the binder has been sufficiently hardened, dissolving the unhardened portion of the photoconductive coating to expose the metallic substrate thereunder.
  • a light-hardening resin i.e., photoresist.
  • a metallic plate to be etched is coated with such a resin, and the plate is exposed to an optical image-containing abundant ultraviolet rays usually through contact exposure-so as to permit the resin in the exposed portion to be hardened.
  • the desired resist can then be obtained by washing away the resin in the unexposed portion.
  • the process of the present invention provides a novel method for forming resists, and also provides a process which meets all of the objects of the invention recited hereinafter.
  • the process basically comprises the following steps:
  • one object of this invention is to provide a resist which permits letter portions and image portions to be easily corrected by a simple method.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel process of recording an image.
  • Still another object of this invention consists in providing a process for the preparation of a negative transparency, the image area of which permits light to be transmitted better than the nonimage area thereof.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section of a photoconductive insulating layer carrying an electrostatic latent image.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross section of an electrophotographic light sensitive material in which the latent image is developed with a toner.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the material of FIG. 2 wherein said toner image has permeated into the photoconductive insulating layer 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the material of FIG. 3 wherein said permeated area of the photoconductive insulating layer 2 has been removed.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the material of FIG. 4 wherein the exposed areas of the base have been etched.
  • the invention concerns a process which is characterized by disposing on a suitable base a photoconductive insulating layer containing a resin binder component, forming on said insulating layer an electrostatic latent image by any one of the ordinary electrophotographic techniques, developing said latent image with a granular toner containing a substance miscible with said resin binder, causing said substance present in the resultant toner image to permeate sufficiently into the photoconductive insulating layer, permitting said substance to mix sufficiently into the binder component, and subsequently applying a solvent capable of dissolving said substance but incapable of dissolving said resin binder, whereby the aforementioned substance will be dissolved and the photoconductive insulating layer corresponding to the image portion will be removed at the same time.
  • a photoconductive insulating layer 2 is coated on a base 1.
  • the electrostatic latent image is shown by an electrically charged area 3 and a discharged area 4.
  • the base 1 may be in various forms. It is necessary that the surface held in contact with the layer 2 possess a suitable level of electroconductivity.
  • the allowable electroconductivity ranges from the general level of metallic conductivity to the level of resistance offered by ordinary paper, namely 10 to 10' ohm (surface resistance exhibited by a square surface).
  • the base I is made of a metal, the etching of the metallic base will be effected according to the present method. Consequently, it is desirable that the layer 2 withstand the etching solution.
  • an optically transparent film such as glass, plastic films which are provided with an electrically conductive coating such as NESA coating comprising tin oxide.
  • the electroconductive layer is disposed on the side in contact with the layer 2.
  • the dark attenuation characteristics of the photoconductive coating is improved by sandwiching a very thin insulating barrier layer between the photoconductive coating and the conductive base or layer.
  • the base should have a conductive laterally continuous layer at least as a part of the whole thickness of the base I, sufficiently close to the photoconductive coating 2.
  • a gelatin matrix can be obtained by providing on the surface of the base 1 a hydrophilic layer, such as of gelatin or casein, which absorbs an aqueous dyestuff easily. This method will be described later.
  • the photoconductive insulating layer used includes a layer composed of inorganic photoconductive substance, such as ZnO or CdS in powdered form and a resin binder, a layer composed of an organic photoconductive substance and a resin binder, and a layer using an organic photoconductive resin.
  • the layer contains a resin component.
  • Resinous materials which are suitable are those that are not cured, and which can be, if desired, mixed with suitable substance, such as plasticizers.
  • suitable substance such as plasticizers.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates such a photoconductive insulating layer 2 on which is formed an electrostatic latent image by any one of the numerous methods known in the field of electrophotography.
  • the methods for forming such electrostatic latent images typical ones are Carson s process, whereby the layer is uniformly charged in a dark place and then exposed to an image, Kalmans process whereby charging is effected after the exposure to the image, xerothermography and thermoxerography, whereby the exposure is effected thermally, a process based on PIP, and the like.
  • FIG. 2 shows the manner in which the latent image is developed by a toner 5.
  • the drawing represents the case in which a toner possessed of a positive charge is applied to a negatively charged latent image. This is a case wherein attraction development takes place by Coulomb attraction. It is permissible, of course, to resort to repulsion development using a toner which has the same polarity of charge as the latent image. There is no limitation to the charge sign of the latent image.
  • toner 5 consisting of a finely divided organic compound which is solid at normal room temperature
  • a finely divided liquid plasticizer is solid compounds which include triphenylphosphate, chlorinated polyphenyl, tricyclohexylcitrate, 2-butoxyethyl pelargonate, dicylohexyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, diethoxyethyl phthalate, 1,2-propylene glycol monostearate, glycerol monostearate, sucrose octacetate, 0- or ptoluenesulfonamide, N-ethyl-p-toluenesulfonamide, N-cyclo-hexyl-ptoluenesulfonamide, and the like.
  • Suitable resinous materials include phenol-formaldehyde resin, maleic acid resin, rosin, Shellac, polyvinyl acetate, epoxy resin, polyketone resin, coumarone-indene resin, and petroleum-base terpene resins, etc.
  • the solid compounds cited above may be used independently or as a combination of two or more members for use as the toner.
  • the entire toner In the combined state, the entire toner must be of such a structure as will be dissolved sufficiently in one solvent.
  • the composition of the toner is determined by taking into account the composition of the resin in the photosensitive material.
  • the toner used must be of such a kind that it shows compatibility with the resin and yet has a difference in dissolution characteristics from the resin.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the manner in which the toner image obtained is caused, through a suitable operation to penneate into the interior of the layer 2.
  • a solvent for the toner can be sprayed uniformly thereon, the toner image can be exposed to an atmosphere saturated with the vapor of the solvent, or the toner image can be heated to a temperature above the melting point of the toner.
  • the layer is often porous, and therefore permits sufficiently rapid permeation of the toner through heating or a similar treatment. Considering subsequent procedures, however, it is desirable that the toner not only permeate into the layer macroscopically, but also dissolve in the binder phase.
  • the combination of materials is determined by taking into account the condition that the resin and the toner have a different solubility and yet are miscible with each other.
  • the resin used in the electrophotographic layer must have a high insulating property. Therefore, a resin which is strongly hydrophilic is not preferred for this purpose. Generally, those resins which are soluble in ketones, esters and aromatic solvents are extensively used. In general, toner materials which are soluble in polar organic solvents such as lower alcohols, or in extremely nonpolar solvents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons are preferred.
  • the substances for the toner cited above are generally soluble in a very wide range of solvents, and therefore satisfy this requirement.
  • the resin used is insoluble in some kinds of ketone and esters.
  • the plate can be used directly as a negative slide for the purpose of projection or printing.
  • a photosensitive layer only a few microns in thickness shows a transmitting optical density in excess of two to light of a wavelength shorter than 400 my" Therefore, such a plate can be utilized as an original plate to be printed by ultraviolet rays.
  • Such a plate is difiicult to prepare electrophotographically, and the method of the present invention can hardly be substituted by any other method.
  • the base of the image portion can be selectively etched by ordinary etching processes. It is necessary to select a composition capable of withstanding such corrosion for the photosensitive layer. It is permissible to prepare the photosensitive layer in the condition shown in FIG. 4 and then to treat it so as to strengthen its resistance to corrosion.
  • the etched base is illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • a plurality of dye prints can be obtained by forming a layer of a substance such as gelatin, casein, albumin, or glue (which readily absorbs water-soluble dyes) under the photosensitive layer (the surface of 1), exposing the image portion, then dipping the plate into a bath of water soluble paint so as to absorb the dye, and pressing the plate against a suitable dye-receiving material.
  • a multicolor image can be obtained.
  • This method may be considered as one route of preparing a dye transfer matrix by electrophotography.
  • EXAMPLE I A photoconductive layer about microns thick composed of 100 parts of photoconductive zinc oxide and parts of styrene-butadiene copolymer was coated (*(applied dissolved in 50 parts of toluene)) onto the metallized side of a polyethylene terephthalate film having a thin aluminum layer vacuum deposited thereon to prepare a photoconductive recording material. The layer was charged negatively in darkness, exposed to a positive line image to form an electrostatic latent image thereon. A positive toner image was obtained by cascading the layer surface with a cascade developer composed of 100 parts of glass beads coated with nitrocellulose and 1 part of finely divided triphenylphosphate. Since triphenylphosphate holds a positive electric charge, attraction development took place.
  • the developed recording material was exposed to the vapors of trichloroethylene for a short period to fix the image. Then, when the photosensitive layer was lightly wiped with a pad of gauze impregnated with a solution consisting of parts of water and 70 parts of acetone, triphenylphosphate on the image portion became dissolved, and the corresponding portion of the photosensitive layer was removed completely, with the result that the aluminum layer was exposed in the portion corresponding to the image.
  • the styrene-butadiene copolymer used as the binder was insoluble in acetone. When the plate was dipped in a dilute aqueous solution of NaGl-i, the exposed aluminum at once dissolved so that the line image portion became transparent. The plate was quickly washed in water, dried, and then used as a transparency to yield satisfactory results.
  • EXAMPLE II This example was identical with example I, except that the toner used in the development was composed of 10 parts of triphenylphosphate and 2 parts of black toner for use in Xerox 914 copying machines (available on the market) and that the fixation of image was effected by infrared heating.
  • the plate produced substantially the same results as in example i.
  • EXAMPLE III A photoconductive insulating layer composed of 100 parts of photoconductive zinc oxide, 20 parts of polymethylmethacrylate,* (*(polymerization degree equal to 500)) and 10 parts of alkyd resin modified with acryl ester was provided on a plate of zinc in such manner as would give a dry thickness** ((ZnO and binder applied in 60 parts of toluene)) of about 10 microns. The layer was charged negatively and exposed through a positive image to light to yield a latent image thereon.
  • the latent image was developed by a toner which was obtained by pulverizing a molten mixture consisting of 5 parts of decyclohexylphthalate and 5 parts of an alcohol-soluble rosinmodified phenol resin.
  • the toner possessed a positive electric charge and therefore effected the attraction development to give a positive toner image.
  • the layer surface was then uniformly sprayed with a toluene solution* (*(5 toluene solution)) of cobalt naphthenate and heated at 120 C. for a short period to harden the alkyd resin present in the photosensitive layer with a view to strengthening the resistance thereof to corrosion.
  • the unit was immersed in an aqueous solution of ferrous chloride etchant so that the portion stripped of the photosensitive layer was corroded to produce an intaglio.
  • EXAMPLE iv A layer composed of parts of photoconductive zinc oxide and 25 parts of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer was provided on the coated surface of a waterproof paper which was undercoated with gelatin to a thickness of 2 11..
  • the thickness of the photosensitive layer was about 5 ,u..
  • a latent image corresponding to the negative original was developed.
  • the image was caused to impregnate into the layer in the same manner as in example II, and the photosensitive layer in the image portion was removed by wiping with methanol.
  • pronase protease
  • ratio of binder to photoconductor should be within the range l:25l:3, with the most preferred range being 1212-1 :4.
  • the amount of toner (equivalent to plasticizer in its general purpose), the amount of plasticizer, is generally from about one-fifth to five times (by volume) the amount of binder used in the photoconductive insulating layer. if the amount of plasticizeris less than 20 percent the volume of the binder, the insulating layer cannot be removed upon dissolving by the plasticizer. If the amount of plasticizer is greater than five times by volume the amount of binder, image quality suffers.
  • the thickness of the photoconductive layer will vary from a few microns up to about 20 microns as a most preferred range.
  • the volume of the binder in the layer corresponds, of course, to the thickness thereof, generally about l-lO microns.
  • the amount of plasticizer will be 0.2-40 grams per square meter.
  • thermosetting binders utilizable in the present invention are polyvinyl acetate, vinyl acetate-crotonic copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyalkyl acrylate, polyalkyl methacrylate, vinyl copolymers of alkylacrylate or alkyl methacrylates, polystyrene, and a styrene-butadiene copolymers.
  • thermosetting binders useful are epoxy resins, epoxy ester resins, silicone resins, alkyd resins, alkyd resins modified with vinyl monomers, and mixtures thereof.
  • the plasticizer (toner material) must have the capability of dissolving substantially completely in some solvent, and yet it must have some capatibility with the binder resin.
  • compatibility it is meant that the plasticizer must illustrate a sufficient dissolution to achieve the results of this invention, but it need not illustrate complete dissolution.
  • binder resin-toner solvent relationship it is required that the binder resin be completely insolvent in the toner solvent.
  • the toner will, in most cases, permeate entirely to reach the base 1. However, even if the toner does not permeate to completely reach the base 1 the image can be formed.
  • the resin With respect to describing the resin as illustrating a high insulating property, this means that the resin must have a higher volume specific resistance than that of the photoconductor utilized in the dark. Generally, this means that the resin most preferably illustrates a volume specific resistance greater than 10 ohm-cm.
  • the binder When the toner is soluble in a polar solvent, the binder should be insoluble in the polar solvent. With reference to the resins set out above, this would apply to the thermosetting or the thermoplastic resins with the exception of the vinyl acetate, vinyl acetate-crotonic acid copolymer.
  • the toner solvent would be, for instance, a polar solvent such as methanol.
  • the binder When the toner is soluble in a nonpolar solvent, such as chlorinated polyphenyl, the binder is insoluble in a nonpolar solvent.
  • a nonpolar solvent such as chlorinated polyphenyl
  • binders would be polyvinyl acetate and a vinyl acetate-vinylchloride copolymer.
  • the toner solvent should, in this case, be a nonpolar solvent such as cyclohexane, kerosene, or decalin.
  • the binder must be insoluble in acetone.
  • an acceptable binder in this case is a styrene-butadiene copolymer, such as that utilized in example I, wherein the styrene-butadiene copolymer (styrenezbutadiene 85:15) was Pliolite S- D (trade name) manufactured by the Goodyear Company Ltd.
  • the toner solvent would be most preferably acetone.
  • An electrophotographic process for producing a resist which comprises:
  • a. electrophotographically forming an electrostatic image on the insulating layer of a photographic light-sensitive material comprising a photoconductive insulating layer containing a resin binder selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic resins and uncured thermosetting resins on an electrically conductive base;
  • thermoplastic granular toner containing an organic plasticizer compound compatible with said resin binder
  • said photoconductive layer comprises ZnO and a resin binder selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylates, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polystyrene and a styrene based copolymer.
  • said granular toner contains a plasticizer selected from the group consisting of triphenyl phosphate, chlorinated polyphenyl, tricyclohexyl citrate, 2-butoxylethy1 pelargonate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, diethoxyethyl phthalate, 1,2-propy1ene glycol monostearate, glycerol monostearate, sucrose octacetate, o-toluenesulfonamide, ptoluenesulfonamide, N-ethyl-p-to1uenesulfonamide, and N- cyclohexyl-p-toluenesulfonamide.
  • a plasticizer selected from the group consisting of triphenyl phosphate, chlorinated polyphenyl, tricyclohexyl citrate, 2-butoxylethy1 pelargonate, dicyclohexyl phthalate,
  • said photoconductive layer comprises CdS and a resin binder selected from the group consistingof pol methyl methacrylate, polyacrylates, vinylchloride-vmy acetate copolymer, polystyrene and a styrene based copolymer.
  • thermoplastic binder is a member selected from the group consisting of polyvinylacetate, vinylacetate-crotonic copolymer, polyvinylchloride, vinyl chloride-vinylacetate copolymer, polyalkyl acrylate, polyalkyl methacrylate, vinyl copolymers of alkylacrylate or alkyl methacrylates, polystyrene, and a styrene-butadiene copolymer.
  • thermosetting resin is a member selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, epoxy ester resins, silicone resins, alkyd resins, alkyd resins modified with vinyl monomers and mixtures thereof.
  • the thickness of the photoconductive layer ranges from 1 to 20 microns.
  • said granular toner contains a binder for said plasticizer, said binder being a member selected from the group consisting of phenol-formaldehyde resin, maleic acid resin, rosin, shellac, polyvinyl acetate, epoxy resin, polyketone resin, coumarone, indene resin, and petroleum-based terpene resins.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
US801303A 1968-02-21 1969-02-24 Electrophotographic method of forming relief images Expired - Lifetime US3630728A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU55531A LU55531A1 (en)) 1968-02-21 1968-02-21
JP1087468 1968-02-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3630728A true US3630728A (en) 1971-12-28

Family

ID=26346228

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US801303A Expired - Lifetime US3630728A (en) 1968-02-21 1969-02-24 Electrophotographic method of forming relief images

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3630728A (en))
BE (2) BE728695A (en))
DE (1) DE1908845A1 (en))
FR (2) FR2002299A1 (en))
GB (1) GB1228509A (en))
LU (1) LU55531A1 (en))
NL (1) NL6902709A (en))

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2857271A (en) * 1954-09-28 1958-10-21 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing process for producing photographic transparencies
US3121009A (en) * 1960-03-16 1964-02-11 Rca Corp Preparation of etched plates
US3305359A (en) * 1962-10-04 1967-02-21 Photoelectric Ltd Manufacture of printing plates
US3406061A (en) * 1963-12-13 1968-10-15 Commw Of Australis Method of conditioning photoconductor surfaces
US3428453A (en) * 1964-03-19 1969-02-18 Xerox Corp Image forming process utilizing xerography

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2857271A (en) * 1954-09-28 1958-10-21 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing process for producing photographic transparencies
US3121009A (en) * 1960-03-16 1964-02-11 Rca Corp Preparation of etched plates
US3305359A (en) * 1962-10-04 1967-02-21 Photoelectric Ltd Manufacture of printing plates
US3406061A (en) * 1963-12-13 1968-10-15 Commw Of Australis Method of conditioning photoconductor surfaces
US3428453A (en) * 1964-03-19 1969-02-18 Xerox Corp Image forming process utilizing xerography

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1228509A (en)) 1971-04-15
BE728695A (en)) 1969-08-01
FR2002299A1 (en)) 1969-10-17
DE1908845A1 (de) 1969-09-25
BE728693A (en)) 1969-08-01
NL6902709A (en)) 1969-08-25
LU55531A1 (en)) 1968-05-03
FR2002362A1 (en)) 1969-10-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2939787A (en) Exposure of photochemical compositions
EP0046026B1 (en) Transfer, encapsulating, and fixing of toner images
US4334006A (en) Peel-apart process for forming relief images
US2857271A (en) Electrostatic printing process for producing photographic transparencies
US3559570A (en) Method of preparing and using a gravure printing plate
US2993787A (en) Electrostatic printing
US3554125A (en) Method of making a lithographic master and method of printing therewith
US3561358A (en) Gravure imaging system
US3547627A (en) Lithographic printing master and method employing a crystalline photoconductive imaging layer
US3207601A (en) Methods of preparing etch resists using an electrostatic image developer composition including a resin hardener
US3215527A (en) Method for preparing cured polymeric etch resists using a xerographic developer containing a curable polymer
US3291600A (en) Electrophotographic recording element and method of making
US5102756A (en) Camera speed printing plate with in situ mask
US3745002A (en) Method of preparing a printing master by xerography
US3104169A (en) Production of printing blocks, resists, transparencies, prints and the like by electro-deposition
US4065307A (en) Imaged agglomerable element and process of imaging
US3648607A (en) Imaging system
US3664834A (en) Migration imaging method employing adhesive transfer member
US3820984A (en) Method of migration imaging using fusible particles
US3630728A (en) Electrophotographic method of forming relief images
US3734724A (en) Developed image transfer
US3770430A (en) Photoelectrosolographic imaging process
US3923504A (en) Migration imaging member and method
US3615394A (en) Method of forming a pigment image from a pigment-resin toner image
US4418134A (en) Aqueous composition-sensitive photoconductive composition