US3629674A - Transient resistant transistorized blocking oscillator for switching inductive loads - Google Patents

Transient resistant transistorized blocking oscillator for switching inductive loads Download PDF

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Publication number
US3629674A
US3629674A US47496A US3629674DA US3629674A US 3629674 A US3629674 A US 3629674A US 47496 A US47496 A US 47496A US 3629674D A US3629674D A US 3629674DA US 3629674 A US3629674 A US 3629674A
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solenoid
transistor
emitter
resistor
base
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US47496A
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Ralph V Brown
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Bendix Corp
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Bendix Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/02—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moved one way by energisation of a single coil system and returned by mechanical force, e.g. by springs

Definitions

  • An electromagnetic fluid pump has a reciprocating plunger driven in one direction by a solenoid and driven in an opposite direction by a spring.
  • a transistor is connected in series with the solenoid to regulate the current therethrough.
  • the transistor is controlled by a detection coil magnetically linked to the solenoid and connected across the emitter-base junction of the transistor.
  • a resistor network is connected in series with the detection coil to increase initial emitter to base voltage thereby assuring initial transistor conduction and to limit reverse voltages during collapse of the magnetic field of the solenoid.
  • a series-connected diode and resistor are connected across the solenoid and the detection coil to draw current from the solenoid through the detection coil during collapse of the solenoid field, thereby protecting the transistor and providing for a rapid collapse of the field resulting in rapid plunger release and increased pump delivery.
  • the present invention relates to blocking oscillators adapted for switching inductive loads and more particularly to a blocking oscillator that is transient resistant.
  • the solenoid was wound with fewer turns of a lower resistance wire.
  • Use of the low resistance wire necessitated the inclusion of a fuse to prevent excessive current demands in the case of a shorted transistor, the inclusion of a reverse current diode to protect the device in case it was connected to a reverse polarity source and the use of transistors having highcurrent-handling capability.
  • the fuse, diode and transistor added to the cost of the device.
  • Use of fewer turns of low-resistance wire also made the device susceptible to transient voltage conditions resulting in the need for protecting the transistor from these transient conditions.
  • the present invention contemplates an electromagnetic fluid pump having a solenoid wound with an intermediate number of turns of relatively high resistance wire.
  • a transistor is connected in series with the solenoid control the current therethrough.
  • a detection coil is magnetically linked to the solenoid and functions to control the transistor. The coil is so arranged to provide a transistortum on bias when the current in the solenoid is increasing and a transistor turn off bias when the current is decreasing. As a result, the transistor alternately drives to saturation and then turns off.
  • a solenoid having a relatively high-resistance wire eliminates the need for a fuse, reverse current diodes and high current rated transistors.
  • the use of relatively high resistance wire allows for an increased number of turns and thereby improves the ability of the device to endure voltage transients.
  • a series-connected resistor and diode are provided to allow current from the solenoid to flow through the detection coil and back to the solenoid during collapse of the solenoid magnetic field.
  • the energy from the collapsing solenoid field is dissipated in the resistor and the detection coil without destroying any components of the device.
  • This current path is an essential of the present invention. It provides for slowed or controlled discharge of the stored energy during the initial collapse of the field so that discharge voltage is greatly reduced, but provides for extremely rapid collapse of the field during the final discharge interval so that the pump plunger is quickly released resulting in increased fluid delivery.
  • a resistor is connected in series with the detection coil to increase the transistor emitter to base voltage and assist in ini' tially turning on the transistor.
  • the resistor in conjunction with another resistor in the base circuit of the transistor functions to control transistor turn off so as to limit reverse voltages induced in the solenoid and coil during collapse of the solenoid field. Because of the reduced reverse voltages, a lower cost transistor having low reverse voltage characteristics can beused thereby reducing the cost of the device.
  • One object of the invention is to provide a switching circuit for an electromagnetic device that is resistant to transient voltages.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a switching circuit for an electromagnetic device that is less expensive than circuits heretofore provided.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a switching circuit for an electromagnetic device that will start at cold temperatures and at low voltage conditions.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a transistor switching circuit for an electromagnetic device that can withstand reverse voltage application.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a switching circuit for an electromagnetic device that has a low short circuit current.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic fluid pump that has increased delivery over the pumps heretofore available.
  • FIG. 1 shows an end view of an electromagnetic fluid pump constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view taken along line 1-1 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an electrical schematic of a switching circuit used in the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams of alternate embodiments of switching circuits for use with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an end view of an electromagnetic fluid pump having a threaded outlet 1 formed in a hexagonal-shaped member 3 which is threaded into one side of a U-shaped member 5.
  • a mounting bracket and cover member 7 slides over member 5 to form an enclosed housing.
  • Member 7 has flanged portions 9 with holes formed therein for mounting the pump to a surface.
  • a transistor 49 is mounted on member 7 and a terminal assembly 13 is mounted on member 5 but insulated therefrom by an insulation 15 so as to be electrically isolated from members 5 and 7.
  • a threaded inlet 17 is formed in a hexagonal-shaped member 19 which is threaded into another side of U-shaped member 5 so that inlet 17 is in alignment withoutlet l.
  • a hollow cylindrical guide member 21 is supported by a cylindrical extension of member 3 and is maintained in axial alignment with inlet 17 and outlet 1.
  • Disposed between the sides of member 5 and coaxially with member 21 are a solenoid winding 23 and a detection coil winding 25.
  • the solenoid is formed of 435 turns of number 22 A.W.G. wire so tat it has a relatively high resistance and inductance.
  • a thin layer of nonmagnetic material in the form of a spool 27 separates the windings 23 and 25 from the cylindrical extension of member 3 and the sides of member 5.
  • a movable member in the form of reciprocating plunger 29, made of a magnetic material and having an opening therethrough, is slideably mounted within guide member 21.
  • a resilient ring 22 is disposed in coaxial alignment with member 21 in a recess in member 3 and is retained therein by guide member 21.
  • a check valve 24 is mounted in inlet 17 of member 19 to prevent fluid flow other than a unidirectional fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet through cylindrical guide member 21.
  • a spring member 26 is compressively confined between plunger 29 and check valve 24 to urge plunger 29 toward outlet 1 and against resilient ring 22.
  • a check valve 28 is disposed within the opening through plunger 29 for allowing fluid to flow through plunger 29 only in the direction from inlet 17 to outlet I.
  • a retaining means 30 is mounted within plunger 29 for preventing check valve 28 from being dislodged.
  • Member 19 has a recess formed in coaxial alignment with inlet 17 for receiving a portion of member 21, said recess has a circular groove formed therein for receiving an O- ring which provides a seal between member 19 and member 21.
  • Member 7 has openings 39 in the side thereof for passing leads to transistor 11 from electronic circuitry contained within a space 41.
  • Terminal 13 is adapted to receive a positive DC voltage from either a battery or a rectified AC source.
  • Solenoid 23 has one end connected to terminal 13 and another end connected to an emitter 49a of transistor 49 which also has a collector 490 connected to ground 47 through member 7.
  • a series connection of resistors 51, 53 and 55 and a diode 57 is connected between a base 49b of transistor 49 and terminal 43.
  • Diode 57 has a cathode connected to terminal 43 and an anode connected to one end of resistor 55.
  • Coil 25 is connected between emitter 49e and another end of resistor 55.
  • Resistor 51 has one end connected to base 49b and another end to resistor 53.
  • a resistor 59 is connected between terminal 45 and the connection between resistors 51 and 53.
  • transistor 49 In operation prior to voltage being applied to terminal 13, transistor 49 is in a nonconducting state and piston 29 is urged against resilient ring 22 by spring 26.
  • a DC voltage is initially applied to terminal 13
  • current flows through a first path comprising solenoid 23, coil 25, resistor 53 and resistor 59.
  • Current also flows through a second path parallel to the first path, comprising coil 23, the emitter to base junction of transistor 49, resistor 51 and resistor 59. Since the resistance of coil 25 is not very high, resistor 53 is selected to assure a sufficient current flow through the second path, including the emitter to base junction, to initiate conduction of transistor 49.
  • Solenoid 23 and coil 25 are magnetically linked through plunger 29 so that the initial current flow through solenoid 23 in the direction from terminal 13 to emitter 49e induces a voltage in coil 25 of such polarity as to increase the emitter to base current of transistor 49.
  • the increased base current of transistor 49 results in increased conduction of the transistor thereby increasing the current flowing through solenoid 23 which in turn increases the induced voltage in coil 25 until transistor 49 is driven to saturation.
  • the saturation current flowing through solenoid 23 is sufficient to drive plunger 29 against spring 26 to a point where spring 26 is fully compressed.
  • coil 25 no longer has a voltage induced therein and the emitter to base current in transistor 49 is insufficient to support saturation conduction of transistor 49, causing transistor 49 to reduce conduction resulting in a decreasing current flow through solenoid 23.
  • the reverse voltage induced in coil 25 effectively reduces the DC voltage which occurs between the emitter 49c and base 49b of transistor 49 as a result of the DC tum-on bias current tending to flow via series connected solenoid 23, coil 25 and resistors 53 and 59 and is applied across the emitter to collector junction of transistor 49.
  • the sum of these voltages must not exceed the allowable emitter to collector voltage of the transistor; therefore, the reverse voltages induced in solenoid 23 and coil 25 are limited by controlling the rate of cur-' rent decrease through solenoid 23.
  • Instantaneous turnoff of transistor 49 is prevented by providing a discharge current path through the emitter to base junction of transistor 49, through resistors 51, 53 and 55 and diode 57.
  • transistor 49 continues to conduct for a short time and shares an important portion of the discharge current from solenoid 23.
  • Resistors 51, 53 and 55 are selected to properly control the turnoff of transistor 49 and to limit its emitter to base current.
  • the reverse voltage induced in coil 25 is useful to reverse bias the emitter to base junction of transistor 49 to assure a complete turnoff of the transistor; however, the reverse voltage must be limited so as not to exceed the allowable reverse emitter to base voltage of the transistor.
  • the reverse voltage is limited by the controlled turnoff transistor 49 as previously mentioned.
  • a second current path through coil 25, resistor 55 and diode 57 is provided.
  • the current through coil 25 serves a useful function by causing a large IR drop across the coil to reduce the effective reverse voltage induced in the coil thereby limiting the reverse emitter to base voltage to a low level allowing for the use of a transistor having a low reverse emitter to base voltage characteristic.
  • the major portion of the discharge current from solenoid 23 flows through coil 25 and resistor 55 to provide a rapid and safe dissipation of the energy released by the solenoid; however, the current flowing through resistors 51 and 53 controls the rate of collapse of the magnetic field in the solenoid.
  • the circuit allows for the use of a low-cost transistor while providing high operating frequency and greater fluid delivery.
  • Solenoid 23 is wound with number 22 A.W.G. wire as compared with number 20 A.W.G. wire used heretofore.
  • Number 22 A.W.G. wire has sufficient resistance to lower the short circuit current of the device to a level which can easily be sustained by the DC voltage source without failure, thereby eliminating the need for a fuse.
  • the DC source is, in most cases, a battery which in cold weather is at a reduced voltage and transistor 49 has a lower gain at cold temperatures so that transistor 49 may not turn on when number 22 A.W.G. wire is used in solenoid 23.
  • Resistor 53 in series with coil 25, provides additional emitter to base voltage to assure transistor vtumon during cold weather and reduced voltage conditions.
  • the circuit provides its own transient protection.
  • the smaller wire has higher resistance and allows for more turns resulting in a greater inductance.
  • the large inductance is in series with the transistor and prevents short duration transients from reaching the emitter of the transistor. If the transients are longer than the time constant of the solenoid, the high resistance of the solenoid wire acts to dissipate the transient.
  • the circuit does not provide any direct paths for transients to reach the transistor. If an'exceptionally strong transient is present, the circuit will turn on and the transient will be dissipated in the resistance of solenoid 23.
  • FIG. 4 there is shownanother embodiment of the invention for use with a higher level voltage source of about 24 volts.
  • a higher level voltage source When a higher level voltage source is used, low temperature starting is not a problem; however, it is still necessary to dissipate the current resulting from the collapsing magnetic field. Dissipation of the energy stored in the solenoid becomes an even greater problembecause of the increased voltage and current.
  • the transistor In the circuit of FIG. 4 the transistor must be able to withstand emitter to collector voltages of up to 60 volts. Such transistors have emitter to base voltage characteristics of about 30 volts and, therefore, resistors 51 and 53 of FIG. 3 are not required.
  • a resistor 61 is added in series with diode 57 and is connected between the cathode of diode 57 and cathode of diode 65.
  • a diode 63 has an anode connected to emitter 49c and a cathode connected to the cathode of diode 57. Diode 63 provides an additional path for the discharge current from solenoid 23 and resistor 61 limits the current therethrough to a safe level.
  • a diode 65 is connected in series with the voltage source and has an anode connected to terminal 13 and a cathode connected to solenoid 23. Because of the higher voltage level, a reverse voltage application would destroy the circuit and diode 65 is used to prevent a reverse current flow through the circuit.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown another embodiment similar to the one shown in FIG. 6.
  • the resistor 61 and diode 63 have been interchanged and capacitor 69 has been connected across the emitter 49and collector 490 to suppress radio frequencies.
  • a very low emitter to base voltage is maintained, thereby permitting the use of higher voltage transistors while reducing the operating temperature of the transistor by drawing less solenoid discharge current through base 49b.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown a circuit for use with a higher level voltage source similar to that of FIG. 4; however, the circuit is designed to withstand applications of 100 volts for 50 milliseconds for military purposes.
  • the transistor is one having a 300 volt emitter to collector characteristic; however, such transistors have very low reverse emitter to base voltage characteristics.
  • the circuit of FIG. 3 was modified by eliminationof resistors 51 and 53 because low temperature is not a problem with the higher source voltage.
  • a diode 67 was added having a cathode connected to the emitter 49c and an anode connected to the base 49b. Diode 67 acts to clamp the reverse emitter to base voltage at a safe level of about 1 volt.
  • a capacitor 69 is connected between the emitter and collector of transistor 49 to suppress radio frequencies.
  • the present invention reduces pump cost by elimination of expensive components and by allowing the use of an inexpensive transistor.
  • the circuit in conjunction with the pump provides delivery rates essentially higher than those heretofore available, while also providing positive cold temperature starts and transient protection.
  • the circuit can withstand reverse voltage application and has a short circuit current sufficiently low to eliminate the need for a fuse.
  • a reciprocating electromagnetic device powered by an electrical source comprising:
  • a transistor having an emitter, a base and a collector
  • a solenoid having first and second terminals connected by its first terminal to the emitter and by its second terminal to the electrical source, and magnetically linked to the reciprocating means, said transistor controlling the current flow from the electrical source through the solenoid;
  • biasing means including a detection coil means magnetically linked to the solenoid and connected between the emitter and base circuit means of the transistor, responsive to increasing and decreasing solenoid current for respectively biasing the transistor toward saturation and cutoff; and
  • said means comprising a serially connected combination of a resistor and a rectifier interconnecting the base of the transistor with the second terminal of the solenoid, the rectifier biased to pass electrical current from the base of the transistor to the second terminal of the solenoid, said means operative to cause the initial stages of collapse of the solenoid field to generate current which prevents transistor cutoff for a brief interval.
  • a device as described in claim I additionally comprising control means for limiting the initial transistor cutoff bias thereby controlling transistor cutoff, so that a reverse voltage induced in the solenoid by its collapsing magnetic field is limited by controlling the rate of collapse.
  • biasing means comprises:
  • a first resistor connected to the base and the collector.
  • biasing means additionally comprises a resistor in series with the coil.
  • control means comprises a resistor connected between the base and the biasing means.
  • the energy dissipating means comprises:
  • a device as described in claim I additionally comprising a rectifier having a cathode connected to the emitter and an anode connected to the base to limit reverse base to emitter voltage.
  • a device as described in claim I additionally comprising a resistor connected between the energy-dissipating means and the solenoid; and a rectifier having a cathode connected to a connection between that last-mentioned resistor and the energy dissipating means and an anode connected to the emitter.
  • a device as described in claim 12, additionally compris a hollow guide means positioned coaxially within the solenoid and having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the plunger being slideably disposed in said guide member for reciprocal movement; and
  • a check valve means for allowing fluid flow in one direction only that being from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet.
  • a rectifier having a cathode connected to the solenoid and an anode connected to the energy-dissipating means;
  • a circuit for actuating a movable member, connectable to a source of energy comprising:
  • said first resistive means responsive to the current in said main inductive means reaching the saturation level operative to cause said transistor means to become less conductive, whereby current flow through said main inductive means tends to decrease;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetic Pumps, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
US47496A 1970-06-18 1970-06-18 Transient resistant transistorized blocking oscillator for switching inductive loads Expired - Lifetime US3629674A (en)

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US4749670A 1970-06-18 1970-06-18

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US (1) US3629674A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS52522B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AR (1) AR193351A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2130267C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2099202A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1348849A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3804558A (en) * 1971-04-30 1974-04-16 Nippon Denso Co Electromagnetic pump
US3836289A (en) * 1972-09-06 1974-09-17 E Wolford Magnetic pump
US3841798A (en) * 1973-03-01 1974-10-15 Odell Mfg Inc Electromagnetic self-priming pump
US4079436A (en) * 1976-06-28 1978-03-14 Facet Enterprises, Inc. 5,000 Hour blocking oscillator for an electromagnetic fuel pump
US4080552A (en) * 1976-09-22 1978-03-21 Facet Enterprises, Inc. Hybrid blocking oscillator for an electromagnetic fuel pump
FR2370183A1 (fr) * 1976-11-08 1978-06-02 Facet Enterprises Pompe a fluide portative
US4102610A (en) * 1976-09-03 1978-07-25 John Taboada Constant volume seal-free reciprocating pump
US4122378A (en) * 1976-12-16 1978-10-24 Facet Enterprises, Inc. Solid state switching circuit for an electromagnetic pump
US4375941A (en) * 1978-03-20 1983-03-08 Child Frank W Method and apparatus for pumping blood
US4464613A (en) * 1983-02-17 1984-08-07 Facet Enterprises, Inc. Blocking oscillator for a reciprocating electromagnetic actuator
US20050089418A1 (en) * 2003-10-28 2005-04-28 Bonfardeci Anthony J. Electromagnetic fuel pump
US20050152788A1 (en) * 2004-01-08 2005-07-14 Lg Electronics Inc. Linear compressor and method for controlling the same
US20050175481A1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2005-08-11 Harbuck E. S. Low cost fuel pump and filter assembly
US20050238519A1 (en) * 2004-04-23 2005-10-27 David Strain Transducer or motor with fluidic near constant volume linkage
CN102168667A (zh) * 2010-02-26 2011-08-31 Lg电子株式会社 运转速度可变的压缩机

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5067908A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-10-22 1975-06-06
JPS50139365U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-05-02 1975-11-17
JPS6013274Y2 (ja) * 1981-07-15 1985-04-26 日東技研株式会社 電磁往復動機
JP7374946B2 (ja) * 2021-03-11 2023-11-07 株式会社藤商事 遊技機
JP7374947B2 (ja) * 2021-03-11 2023-11-07 株式会社藤商事 遊技機

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3100278A (en) * 1958-01-10 1963-08-06 Reich Robert Walter Electromagnetic pendulum drive
US3117265A (en) * 1959-07-11 1964-01-07 Movado Montres Electromagnetic system for the maintenance of the movement of a movable member
US3381616A (en) * 1966-07-13 1968-05-07 Bendix Corp Electromagnetic fluid pump

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1256067B (de) * 1964-12-11 1967-12-07 Siegfried Kofink Dr Ing Elektropumpe

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3100278A (en) * 1958-01-10 1963-08-06 Reich Robert Walter Electromagnetic pendulum drive
US3117265A (en) * 1959-07-11 1964-01-07 Movado Montres Electromagnetic system for the maintenance of the movement of a movable member
US3381616A (en) * 1966-07-13 1968-05-07 Bendix Corp Electromagnetic fluid pump

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3804558A (en) * 1971-04-30 1974-04-16 Nippon Denso Co Electromagnetic pump
US3836289A (en) * 1972-09-06 1974-09-17 E Wolford Magnetic pump
US3841798A (en) * 1973-03-01 1974-10-15 Odell Mfg Inc Electromagnetic self-priming pump
US4079436A (en) * 1976-06-28 1978-03-14 Facet Enterprises, Inc. 5,000 Hour blocking oscillator for an electromagnetic fuel pump
US4102610A (en) * 1976-09-03 1978-07-25 John Taboada Constant volume seal-free reciprocating pump
US4080552A (en) * 1976-09-22 1978-03-21 Facet Enterprises, Inc. Hybrid blocking oscillator for an electromagnetic fuel pump
DE2742758A1 (de) * 1976-09-22 1978-03-30 Facet Enterprises Erregerschaltung fuer eine elektromagnetische pumpe
FR2365915A1 (fr) * 1976-09-22 1978-04-21 Facet Enterprises Oscillateur de blocage pour pompe electromagnetique a fluide
FR2370183A1 (fr) * 1976-11-08 1978-06-02 Facet Enterprises Pompe a fluide portative
US4101950A (en) * 1976-11-08 1978-07-18 Facet Enterprises, Inc. Portable fluid transfer pump
US4122378A (en) * 1976-12-16 1978-10-24 Facet Enterprises, Inc. Solid state switching circuit for an electromagnetic pump
US4375941A (en) * 1978-03-20 1983-03-08 Child Frank W Method and apparatus for pumping blood
US4464613A (en) * 1983-02-17 1984-08-07 Facet Enterprises, Inc. Blocking oscillator for a reciprocating electromagnetic actuator
DE3405336A1 (de) * 1983-02-17 1984-08-23 Facet Enterprises Inc., Tulsa, Okla. Kippgenerator fuer hin- und hergehende magnetische antriebe
JPS59158123A (ja) * 1983-02-17 1984-09-07 フアセツト・エンタプライゼス・インコ−ポレ−テツド 電磁流体ポンプ用ブロッキング発振器
US20050175481A1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2005-08-11 Harbuck E. S. Low cost fuel pump and filter assembly
US20050089418A1 (en) * 2003-10-28 2005-04-28 Bonfardeci Anthony J. Electromagnetic fuel pump
US7150606B2 (en) 2003-10-28 2006-12-19 Motor Components Llc Electromagnetic fuel pump
US20050152788A1 (en) * 2004-01-08 2005-07-14 Lg Electronics Inc. Linear compressor and method for controlling the same
US7033141B2 (en) * 2004-01-08 2006-04-25 Lg Electronics Inc. Linear compressor and method for controlling the same
CN100408855C (zh) * 2004-01-08 2008-08-06 Lg电子株式会社 线性压缩机和用于控制该压缩机的方法
US20050238519A1 (en) * 2004-04-23 2005-10-27 David Strain Transducer or motor with fluidic near constant volume linkage
US7467517B2 (en) * 2004-04-23 2008-12-23 David Strain Transducer or motor with fluidic near constant volume linkage
CN102168667A (zh) * 2010-02-26 2011-08-31 Lg电子株式会社 运转速度可变的压缩机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS471516A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-01-25
AR193351A1 (es) 1973-04-23
DE2130267A1 (de) 1971-12-23
FR2099202A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-10
GB1348849A (en) 1974-03-27
DE2130267C2 (de) 1982-10-21
JPS52522B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-01-08

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