US3627659A - Radiation treatment of halogen containing olefinically unsaturated esters - Google Patents

Radiation treatment of halogen containing olefinically unsaturated esters Download PDF

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Publication number
US3627659A
US3627659A US743033A US3627659DA US3627659A US 3627659 A US3627659 A US 3627659A US 743033 A US743033 A US 743033A US 3627659D A US3627659D A US 3627659DA US 3627659 A US3627659 A US 3627659A
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United States
Prior art keywords
acid
esters
radiation
olefinically unsaturated
mrad
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Expired - Lifetime
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US743033A
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English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Marx
Albrecht Zosel
Herbert Spoor
Heinz Pohlemann
Upper Palatinate
Dieter Heinze
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Priority claimed from DE19671720283 external-priority patent/DE1720283A1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/22—Esters containing halogen

Definitions

  • Shurtleff ABSTRACT A process for the production of coatings, impregnations or bonds by polymerization and cross-linking of mixtures containing olefinically unsaturated esters containing halogen by means ofionizing radiation.
  • This invention relates to a process for the production of cross-linked polymers by the action of high-energy radiation on substantially solvent-free polymerizable systems.
  • the process serves in particular for the production of coatings, impregnations and bonds.
  • high-energy radiation being the range of wave and corpuscular radiation usually so termed in the literature (cf. for example Rexer-Wuckel, Chemische Vera Weg Stoffen für energiereiche Strahlung” (Chemical changes brought about in substances by high-energy radiation) Leipzig 1965).
  • the radiation sources in the methods which are of industrial interest are usually electron generators having accelerating potentials of more than 300 up to 500 kilovolts.
  • the possibilities of using this process for curing lacquers are however very limited. Since the electrons move away from the accelerator in straight lines, only flat articles can be treated in a single passage.
  • Narrow limits are also placed on the prior art methods by the lacquer raw materials. Since conventional lacquer raw materials used in such methods only cure satisfactorily within relatively narrow ranges of radiation intensity, zones of different degrees of cure are formed when uneven lacquered surfaces are irradiated because of the different distances from the discharge aperture of the accelerator and according to the angle of incidence of the radiation.
  • the object of this invention is to provide a type of binder for coating, impregnating or bonding agents which are curable by means of high-energy radiation, the said binder type being satisfactorily curable with relatively small doses of radiation but tolerating a considerable excess beyond these minimal dosages.
  • the requirements as regards hardness, gloss, toughness, bond strength, and resistance to chemical reagents and solvents which are made according to the state of the art on the coatings, impregnations and bonds obtained should at least be fulfilled.
  • cross-linked polymers can be prepared with particular advantage by irradiating systems containing olefinically unsaturated polymerizable monomers with high-energy radiation by using polymerizable monomers which consist to the extent of to 90 percent, preferably from to 70 percent, by weight of polymerizable esters containing halogen.
  • polymerizable monomers which consist to the extent of to 90 percent, preferably from to 70 percent, by weight of polymerizable esters containing halogen.
  • monomers substantially free from solvents are irradiated.
  • esters of a, B-unsaturated polymerizable carboxylic acids with chlorinated and/or brominated alcohols for example esters of bromoisopropyl alcohol, 2-bromoethanol, 1,2- dibromopropanol, trichloronitroisopropanol, 2,2,3- trichlorobutanol, 3,4-dibromobutanol-l, 2-chloroisobutyl alcohol, chlorotrimethyl carbinol, 3,3,4-trichloropentanol-(2), and 3-bromo-2-methylbutanol-(2) with acrylic acid, crotonic acid, methacrylic acid, cinnamic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, dihydromuconic acid, oleic acid, palmitolic acid and the like.
  • esters of halogen-containing alcohols of the said type, of halogen-free alcohols and of alcohols containing functional groups such as carbon-carbon double bonds, nitro groups and the like, with polymerizable acids containing halogen, particularly those having three to six carbon atoms are also suitable, for example esters of 2-chloroacrylic acid-( l 3-chloroacrylic acid-( 1 3,3-dichloroacrylic acid-( 1 2,3-dichloroacrylic acid-(l), trichloroacrylic acid, 2-bromoacrylic acid-( 1), 2,3- dichloro-3-bromoacrylic acid-( 1), 2-chlorocrotonic acid-( 1 3-chlorocrotonic acid-( 1 2-bromocrotonic acid-( 1 3- chloro-2-ethylcrotonic acid-( 1 2-bromoundecene-(2z) acidl l palmitolic acid diiodide, bromocitraconic acid, chloroci
  • bromomesaconic acid dibromomaleic acid, dichloromaleic acid, monochloroitaconic acid, dichloroitaconic acid, 2- chlorocinnamic acid, 3-chlorocinnamic acid and 4-chlorocinnamic acid.
  • halogen compounds different from the esters may be advantageous to use, in admixture with the said esters, halogen compounds different from the esters; besides free halogen-substituted olefinically unsaturated polymerizable acids, for example compounds such as acrylyl chloride, methacrylyl chloride, crotonyl chloride, 2- chlorocrontonyl chloride-( 1 cinnamyl chloride, oleyl chloride, citraconyl dichloride, dichloromaleyl dichloride, cinnamic-gamma-bromopropylyamide, and trichloroacrylamide.
  • free halogen-substituted olefinically unsaturated polymerizable acids for example compounds such as acrylyl chloride, methacrylyl chloride, crotonyl chloride, 2- chlorocrontonyl chloride-( 1 cinnamyl chloride, oleyl chloride, citracony
  • the systems cross-linked by irradiation may contain (in addition to the said compounds) from [0 to 90 percent, preferably from 30 to percent, by weight of other polymerizable compounds
  • These may be as a rule olefmically unsaturated monomers used in conventional free-radical initiated polymerizations, particularly esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid with alcohols having one to eight carbon atoms, vinylbenzenes such as styrene or vinyltoluene, nitriles of unsaturated carboxylic acids having three to six carbon atom such as methacrylonitrile and acrylonitrile, vinyl esters of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having two to eight carbon atoms, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl pivalate, and olefins, particularly higher olefins such as n-hexene and 4-methylpentene-( l Improvement in the hardness, elasticity and solvent resistance of the polymers prepared by irradiation can
  • allyl esters or N-allylamides of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids having three to six carbon atoms or their oligomers or low molecular weight polymers, e.g. allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, and N-allylacrylamide, or low molecular weight acrylic polymers of such monomeric compounds, diesters or diamides of aliphatic diols or triols or diarninoalkanes and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids having three to six carbon atoms, e.g.
  • polyfunctional polymerizable compounds may make up an amount of up to 80 percent by weight of the system capable of being polymerized by irradiation, but as a rule the amount is from 5 to 50 percent by weight.
  • the systems may if desired contain further additives, for example pigments, soluble dyes, optical brighteners, plasticizers, agents for promoting flow and gloss, chemical polymerization initiators (such as peroxides or azo compounds) or aging retardants.
  • additives for example pigments, soluble dyes, optical brighteners, plasticizers, agents for promoting flow and gloss, chemical polymerization initiators (such as peroxides or azo compounds) or aging retardants.
  • polymerized compounds for example conventional lacquer binding agents such as alkyl resins, aminopl'ast resins, phenolic resins, epoxy resins, colophony resins, drying oils, nondrying oils, cellulose derivatives, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and the like, particularly in an amount of from 5 to 30 percent by weight with reference to the monomers.
  • Curing of the polymerizable systems according to the invention may be carried out with electron rays having an energy of more than 0.1 megavolts and with X-rays and gamma-rays, i.e. electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of from to 10'" cm. Curing takes place in a surprisingly high degree even when air is present independently of the radiation dosage and of the dose rate, so that in contrast to prior art methods the risk of overexposure is practically nonexistent. With small doses of radiation of from about i to 3 Mrad at irradiation periods of 10 to minutes up to high doses of more than 20 to 30 Mrad with short irradiation periods (0.5 to 5 seconds), completely nontacky, hard, elastic and highly glossy coatings can be obtained.
  • Doses of l to 10 Mrad at dose rates of about 1 to about 10 Mrad/second are preferred. It is advantageous to choose small thicknesses of coating layer (e.g. from 50 microns down to less than 1 micron). it is also possible however to completely cure relatively thick coatings or lacquers, e.g. in the range of 50 to 500 microns. irradiation curing of the systems is preferably carried out at temperatures of from 0 to 150 C. and particularly from 10 to 80 C.
  • the polymerizable systems may be applied to any solid substrates, for example by spraying, brushing, pouring, rolling, knife-coating, flooding, dipping or impregnation.
  • the said systems are especially suitable for the production of coatings, lacquerings, bonds and impregnations.
  • a film having a thickness of 50 microns is drawn from a mixture of 7 parts of 2.3-dibromopropyl acrylate and 3 parts of tetra-(allyloxymethyl)-acetylenediurea by means of filmdrawing equipment onto a deep-drawing metal sheet and irradiated with an electron beam at 2 megavolts accelerating potential with a dose of i2 Mrad at a dose rate of 19 Mrad per minute.
  • a nontacky glossy hard coating is obtained which adheres very well. its elasticity according to DIN 53, 156 is 5.4.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A deep-drawing metal sheet having a thickness of 0.7 mm. is coated on both sides by dipping it in a mixture of 3 parts of 2,3-dibromopropyl acrylate and 3 parts of tetra-( allyloxymethyl)-acetylenediurea and then exposed in the air at 30 C.
  • a dose rate of 0.1 Mrad per minute an irradiation period of 20 minutes is necessary to obtain both on the side of the sheet facing the radiation source and on the opposite side a hard, glossy, elastic and well-adhering solvent-resistant coating.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A mixture of 8 parts of tricyclodecenyl acrylate and 2 parts of 2,3-dichloropropyl acrylate is sprayed onto a deep-drawing metal sheet with a spray gun and irradiated for 2 minutes with an electron beam at an accelerating potential of 2 megavolts and a dose rate of 6 Mrad per minute. A nontacky hard colorless glossy film is obtained which does not dissolve in the usual solvents.
  • EXAMPLE 4 A film having a thickness of 60 microns is drawn from a mixture of parts of 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7- methanoindenyl acrylate-(5), 10 parts of 2,3-dichloro-3- bromoacrylic acid-( 1) and 10 parts of 2-chloroallyl acrylate by means of film-drawing equipment onto a plywood board and irradiated with an electron beam at an accelerating potential of 2 megavolts with a dose of 6 Mrad at a dose rate of l8 Mrad per minute. A glossy nontacky hard coating is obtained.
  • EXAMPLE 6 The 30 percent solution of a copolymer prepared from 50 parts of butanediol acrylate acetylacetate, 43 parts of methyl methacrylate and 7 parts of n-butyl acrylate in a mixture of 12 parts of 2-chlorocrotonyl chloride-( 1 20 parts of 2,3- dichloropropyl acrylate and 68 parts of triallyl cyanurate is applied in a layer 50 microns in thickness to a deep-drawing metal sheet by knife-coating and irradiated with an electron beam at an accelerating potential of 2 megavolts with a dose of 12 Mrad at a dose rate of 18 Mrad per minute. A nontacky hard glossy insoluble coating is obtained.
  • a process for the production of cross-linked polymers by irradiating with doses of high-energy radiation of from 1 to 30 Mrad at an irradiation period of from 0.5 seconds to 20 minutes a system containing (a) tetra-(allyloxymethyD- acetylenediurea, and (b)2,3-dibromopropyl acrylate.
  • a process as in claim 1 wherein the high-energy radiation dose is from 20 to 30 Mrad at an irradiation period of from 0.5 to 5 seconds.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
US743033A 1967-07-11 1968-07-08 Radiation treatment of halogen containing olefinically unsaturated esters Expired - Lifetime US3627659A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19671720283 DE1720283A1 (de) 1967-07-11 1967-07-11 Verfahren zur Herstellung von vernetzten Polymerisaten

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4133907A (en) * 1973-11-05 1979-01-09 Texas Instruments Incorporated High resolution electron beam resist
US4250214A (en) * 1976-02-23 1981-02-10 The Dow Chemical Company Wood-polymer composite containing a dicyclopentenyl acrylate or methacrylate polymer
US4263372A (en) * 1976-05-19 1981-04-21 Rohm And Haas Company Method of coating and/or impregnating porous substrates, and products obtained thereby
US4307155A (en) * 1976-02-23 1981-12-22 The Dow Chemical Co. Process of making wood-polymer composite containing a dicyclopentenyl acrylate or methacrylate polymer and composite
US4400413A (en) * 1980-08-29 1983-08-23 Rohm And Haas Company Acrylic polymer concrete compositions
US4460625A (en) * 1981-07-16 1984-07-17 Rohm And Haas Company Method of coating and impregnating concrete substrates, and products obtained thereby

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52108434A (en) * 1976-03-08 1977-09-10 Rohm & Haas Aqueous coating composite

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2921006A (en) * 1952-06-03 1960-01-12 Gen Electric Polymerization with high energy electrons
US3213072A (en) * 1961-08-07 1965-10-19 American Cyanamid Co Chlorination product of methylmethacrylate
US3255163A (en) * 1963-08-22 1966-06-07 Thiokol Chemical Corp Halo butenyl acrylates and polymers thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2921006A (en) * 1952-06-03 1960-01-12 Gen Electric Polymerization with high energy electrons
US3213072A (en) * 1961-08-07 1965-10-19 American Cyanamid Co Chlorination product of methylmethacrylate
US3255163A (en) * 1963-08-22 1966-06-07 Thiokol Chemical Corp Halo butenyl acrylates and polymers thereof

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4133907A (en) * 1973-11-05 1979-01-09 Texas Instruments Incorporated High resolution electron beam resist
US4250214A (en) * 1976-02-23 1981-02-10 The Dow Chemical Company Wood-polymer composite containing a dicyclopentenyl acrylate or methacrylate polymer
US4307155A (en) * 1976-02-23 1981-12-22 The Dow Chemical Co. Process of making wood-polymer composite containing a dicyclopentenyl acrylate or methacrylate polymer and composite
US4263372A (en) * 1976-05-19 1981-04-21 Rohm And Haas Company Method of coating and/or impregnating porous substrates, and products obtained thereby
US4400413A (en) * 1980-08-29 1983-08-23 Rohm And Haas Company Acrylic polymer concrete compositions
US4460625A (en) * 1981-07-16 1984-07-17 Rohm And Haas Company Method of coating and impregnating concrete substrates, and products obtained thereby

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