US3627582A - Continuous crystallizing apparatus for sugar-bearing liquor - Google Patents

Continuous crystallizing apparatus for sugar-bearing liquor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3627582A
US3627582A US834629A US3627582DA US3627582A US 3627582 A US3627582 A US 3627582A US 834629 A US834629 A US 834629A US 3627582D A US3627582D A US 3627582DA US 3627582 A US3627582 A US 3627582A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bottom portion
vessel
group
shell
heating elements
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Expired - Lifetime
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US834629A
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English (en)
Inventor
Francis Dambrine
Jean C Giorgi
Jacques De Cremoux
Georges Windal
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Fives Lille Cail
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Fives Lille Cail
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
    • C13B—PRODUCTION OF SUCROSE; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • C13B30/00—Crystallisation; Crystallising apparatus; Separating crystals from mother liquors ; Evaporating or boiling sugar juice
    • C13B30/02—Crystallisation; Crystallising apparatus
    • C13B30/022—Continuous processes, apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D9/00—Crystallisation
    • B01D9/0018—Evaporation of components of the mixture to be separated
    • B01D9/0031—Evaporation of components of the mixture to be separated by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D9/00—Crystallisation
    • B01D9/0059—General arrangements of crystallisation plant, e.g. flow sheets

Definitions

  • a crystallizer for sugar has a shell which is ap- SUGAll-BEARINQ LIQUOR proximately cylindrical about a horizontal axis, and symmetri 1o clalmsas Drawmg Flgs. cal relative to a vertical plane through the axis. A group of 52 us.
  • Plate-Shaped heating elements in define a hrilhtal 23/273, 127/15, 127/58, 127/61 plane which upwardly bounds the group and divides the interi- 51 1 rm. (:1 C13!
  • the invention is more specifically concerned with an improvement in crystallizing equipment in which an approximately cylindrical shell having a horizontal axis and an upright plane of symmetry through the axis has an interior divided into compartments by partitions which are perpendicular to the axis, and a group of heating elements in the bottom portion of the shell extends over the entire axial length of the shell.
  • crystallization nuclei are formed dimensions supplied in the first compartment to which seen sugar-bearing supersaturated liquor is fed.
  • the nuclei and the crystals growing on them are carried by the liquid axially through the successfully from compartment to compartments through openings in the partitions.
  • a portion of the water in the liquor is evaporated in each compartment to maintain the desired composition of the massecuite which forms in the shell.
  • the heating elements which usually extend through several or all compartments perform a double function. They cause evaporation of the water from the liquor. They also promote circulation of the liquor in each compartment in a plane perpendicular to the shell axis to keep the massecuite substantially homogeneous and to increase the rate of crystallization.
  • the useful portion of the shell is that portion in which effective heat transfer between the heating elements and the massecuite in the shell can take place. It includes, but is not limited to, the bottom portion of the shell interior below a horizontally extending plane which upwardly bounds the group of heating elements. The capacity of the bottom portion is the internal volume of the shell below the last-mentioned plane less the space occupied by the heating elements.
  • Each plate-shaped heating element has two wide or major, opposite, outer surfaces and a narrow, annular surface connecting the major surface. The effective heating surface of each element is the surface portion which is exposed to the massecuite, and essentially determined by the area of the major surfaces.
  • the capacity of the bottom portion of the shell is 0.2 to 0.35 times the total capacity of the shell, and the numerical ratio of the combined heating surfaces of the elements in square meters per meter of axial length of the group to the cross section of the shell bottom portion in square meters is between 13:1 and :1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a crystallization apparatus of the invention in side-elevational section through the axis of the crystallizer shell;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the shell of FIG. 1 in front elevational section
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show modified shells in views corresponding to that ofFIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 shows a modification of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2 in front elevational section.
  • DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 0 crystallizer 12 with which this invention is more specifically concerned, has a horizontally elongated shell 13 whose shape is that of a cylinder, the term being used broadly and not limited to a circular cylinder. As is seen in FIG. 2, the shell 13 has two wall portions of semicircular cross section connected by narrow, flat, vertical wall portions.
  • the length of the shell 13 is 8 to 15 meters, and its horizontal width between 2 and 4.5 meters. If the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 2 is selected, the flat wall portions have a height of 0.6 to 1 meter.
  • the interior of the shell 13 is partly divided into compartments by partitions 14 perpendicular to the upright, longitudinal plane of symmetry of the shell which rise from the shell bottom and have openings near the bottom which connect axially juxtaposed compartments.
  • the illustrated apparatus has seven compartments, but the number of compartments may be increased to about l2,and may be reduced to three or four if the sugar-bearing liquor in the shell 13 is seeded with sugar crystals formed in another stage of the apparatus.
  • the several compartments vary in length and become larger in the direction of material flow through the shell 13, that is, from the left to the right, as viewed in FIG. 1, so that the dwell time of the material is the same within $30 percent in each compartment.
  • the length of the first compartment entered by the liquor should be at least 0.5 meter to permit access by a maintenance man.
  • the steam developed in the crystallizer is withdrawn through nipples 16 in the top portion of the shell 13 by suction equipment, conventional in itself and not shown.
  • the thermal energy for operation of the crystallizer is mainly supplied by steam in two longitudinally aligned groups of heating elements 20 which are hollow plates arranged in the bottom portion of the shell 13.
  • the major surfaces of the elements 20 are parallel to each other and upright, and are also parallel to the vertical, longitudinal plane of symmetry of the shell.
  • Each group 18 of heating elements extends through several compartments, the partitions 14 being slotted to permit passage of the individual heating plates 20.
  • the plates 20 are of practically uniform cross section over the entire length of each group 18, and the longitudinally aligned elements 20 of the two groups 18 have the same cross section.
  • Each group as a whole approximately conforms to the inner wall of the shell bottom, as is best seen in FIG. 2, becoming wider in an upward direction and being of uniform cross section over its entire axial length.
  • the plates 20 of each group 18 pass through an end wall of the shell 13 into a steam chest 26 connected to a steam supply system 27 indicated in broken lines, and the plates 20 are also connected with a condensate collecting system 28.
  • the dimensions of the groups 18 of heating elements 20 are chosen in such a manner that the numerical ratio between the capacity of the shell bottom below an approximately horizontal plane 30 defined by the top ends of the plates 20 and the total capacity of the shell is between 0.2 and 0.35.
  • the numerical value of the total effective heating surface of the two groups 18 of heating elements 20, when expressed in square meters, is 13 to 20 times the numerical value of the shell capacity below the plane 30 expressed in cubic meters.
  • the last-defined relationship is equal to the numerical ratio of the heating surface per meter of axial length to the cross section of the shell bottom portion upwardly bounded by the plane 30, expressed in consistent units of area.
  • the useful volume of the apparatus that is, the volume occupied by massecuite in normal operation is approximately 1.4 times the capacity of the shell bottom below the plane 30, or 0.3 to 0.5 times the total shell capacity.
  • unsaturated sugar-bearing liquor is supplied through a pipe system 40 and partly fed to the evaporator 10 where it is concentrated, and partly to the individual compartments of the crystallizer 12.
  • a minor fraction of the unsaturated liquid is introduced into the mixer 34 where it is mixed with seed crystals.
  • the slurry or magma formed in the mixer contains 30 to 60 percent crystals and is fed to the first compartment of the crystallizer 12, together with concentrated liquor discharged from the evaporator 10.
  • the supply of unsaturated juice to the first two compartments is automatically controlled in a conventional manner, not shown, to maintain selected fixed sugar concentrations in these compartments.
  • the supply of unsaturated juice to the other compartments is controlled in such a manner as to maintain a desired percentage ratio of crystals or of solids in the massecuite discharged from the manner, not shown, to maintain selected fixed sugar concentrations in these compartments.
  • the supply of unsaturated juice to the other compartments is controlled in such a manner as to maintain a desired percentage ratio of crystals or of solids in the massecuite discharged from the crystallizer.
  • Nonillustrated sensing devices responsive to the specific gravity of the material in the shell 13 or of the discharged material operate valves 42 in the pipe system 40.
  • the crystals in the massecuite grow during their passage through the several compartments, and the massecuite is ultimately withdrawn from the shell 13 by a pump 36 whose output is controlled in a conventional, nonillustrated manner to maintain a constant massecuite level in the shell K3.
  • the exposed surfaces are made of polished stainless steel.
  • the bottom portion of the shell 13 is enveloped by a heating jacket 32 (FIG. 2) which is supplied with a heated fluid.
  • the top portions of the walls in each compartment which are not immersed in the massecuite are coated with the unsaturated juice which is supplied to each compartment.
  • a film of unsaturated liquid may be maintained on the exposed wall portions above the massecuite level with discharge from perforated pipes 33 arranged near the top of each compartment. Since the amount of unsaturated jiuce supplied to each compartment is generally insuflicient to flood all upright walls of the compartment at the same time, several pipe sections may be arranged about the circumference of the compartment and supplied sequentially with juice thorough a rotary nonillustrated distribution valve, each section being fed at a rate sufficient to cause thorough wetting of the associated wall portion.
  • each steam pipe 38 may be protected either by a nonillustrated heating jacket or by a coating of polytetrafluoroethylene which prevents adhesion of sugar crystals.
  • a small amount of unsaturated sugar solution may be introduced with the steam through the pipes 38 in order to prevent crystallization at the pipe orifices.
  • the steam injected into the individual compartments of the crystallizer i2 is drawn from the calandria of the evaporator 10.
  • the output of a crystallizer of the type illustrated may be increased by extending its axial length, or by arranging two or more devices of the type shown in series.
  • Other modifications and variations of the embodiment of the invention described above will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.
  • the crystallizer may be provided with a shell 13' having a circular cross section, or the shell may assume the cross-sectional shape indicated at 13" in FIG. d, in which the top portion of the shell is semicircular in cross section whereas the bottom portion is a trough having a rounded V-shaped in cross section.
  • FIG. 5 shows a modified device for preventing deposition of sugar crystals on exposed metal surfaces in the shell 33, the view corresponding to that of FIG. 2.
  • the section is taken through one of the compartments in the shell 12 and shows one of the partitions 14.
  • a vertical pipe 43 is journaled in the top of the shell 13 in the upright, longitudinal plane of symmetry of the shell. It extends downwardly just below the upper edge of the partition 14 and carries a short horizontal nozzle 44 well above the level of massecuite in the compartment.
  • An electric motor 45 mounted on the shell 13 in a nonillustrated manner rotates the pipe 43 about its axis by means of a worm (not shown) and a worm wheel 46 on the pipe.
  • the top end of the pipe $3 is connected with a feed line 47 for unsaturated sugar-bearing liquid by a rotary seal
  • a jet of liquid 50 discharged from the nozzle 44 sweeps the upright metal walls of the compartment.
  • a sprinkler arrangement similar to or identical with that shown in FIG. 5 may be arranged in each compartment of the shell 13 to replace or to supplement the perforated pipes 33.
  • the worm and wormwheel 46 may be replaced by hingedly connected crank arms on the shaft of the motor 45 and on the pipe 43 to oscillate the nozzle 44 about the vertical axis of the pipe 43 when the motor 45 is energized.
  • a continuous crystallizing apparatus for sugar and the like comprising, in combination:
  • a substantially closed, horizontally elongated vessel having substantially the shape of a cylinder, the vessel being substantially symmetrical relative to an upright, longitudinal, first plane and having a top portion and a bottom portion;
  • the coating means including a nozzle member in one of said compartments in the top portion of said vessel, moving means for angularly moving said nozzle member about a vertically extending axis, and feeding means for feeding said liquid to said nozzle member, the nozzle member having an orifice directed toward a partition and an inner wall of said vessel during said angular movement of the nozzle member; and
  • each heating element including a hollow plate member having two outer, opposite, major surfaces, and an outer, minor, annular surface connecting said major surfaces,
  • a continuous crystallizing apparatus for sugar and the like comprising, in combination:
  • a substantially closed, horizontally elongated vessel having substantially the shape of a cylinder, the vessel being substantially symmetrical relative to an upright, longitudinal, first plane and having a top portion and a bottom portion, said vessel having a bottom wall defining the lower limit of said bottom portion;
  • each heating element including a hollow plate member having two outer, opposite, major surfaces, and an outer, minor, annular surface connecting said major surfaces,
  • said group being symmetrical relative to said first plane and defining a second substantially horizontal plane, said second plane upwardly bounding said group and said bottom portion of the vessel,
  • coating means for coating the inner wall of said top portion with a liquid
  • injecting means for injecting steam into said bottom portion, said injecting means including a conduit having an orifice between said group of heating elements and said bottom wall.
  • a continuous crystallizing apparatus for sugar and the like comprising, in combination:
  • a substantially closed, horizontally elongated vessel having substantially the shape of a cylinder, said vessel having a top portion, a bottom portion and a bottom wall defining the lower limit of said bottom portion;
  • said injecting means includes at least one conduit having an orifice positioned between said group of heating elements and said bottom wall.
  • a substantially closed cylindrically shaped vessel having a top portion, bottom portion and a bottom wall defining the lower limit of the bottom portion has a group of heating elements in said bottom portion spaced upwardly from said bottom wall, the improvement comprising means for injecting steam into said bottom portion below said group of heating elements therein.
US834629A 1968-07-17 1969-06-19 Continuous crystallizing apparatus for sugar-bearing liquor Expired - Lifetime US3627582A (en)

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FR159451 1968-07-17

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BE (1) BE731282A (tr)
CU (1) CU33387A (tr)
FR (1) FR1581088A (tr)
NL (1) NL140901B (tr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3879215A (en) * 1972-08-24 1975-04-22 Hyesons Sugar Mills Limited Compartmentalized vacuum pan for crystallization of sugar
US3880593A (en) * 1972-03-29 1975-04-29 Fives Lille Cail Crystallization apparatus
US4004964A (en) * 1974-04-18 1977-01-25 Unice Machine Company Multistage continuous vacuum pan
US4120745A (en) * 1975-09-01 1978-10-17 Csr Limited Semi-continuous vacuum pan system
US4162927A (en) * 1972-11-13 1979-07-31 Morfin Alvarez Rafael Apparatus for crystallizing sugar solution and mother liquors continuously by evaporation
US4816076A (en) * 1983-07-22 1989-03-28 The Tongaat-Gulett Group Limited Continuous pan crystallizer
US4878535A (en) * 1988-04-27 1989-11-07 Rosenblad Corporation Selective condensation apparatus
EP0370365A2 (de) * 1988-11-19 1990-05-30 Amding, Friedrich, Dr. rer. nat. Dipl.-Chem. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Zuckerkristallisation
US5100941A (en) * 1989-07-05 1992-03-31 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Polyolefin resin composition
US5133807A (en) * 1990-04-20 1992-07-28 Fcb Process and installation for the continuous production of sugar crystals
US20040173449A1 (en) * 2001-05-31 2004-09-09 Jean-Pierre Nadeau System for cooling a heated juice by partial low-pressure evaporation
US6793770B1 (en) * 1999-11-04 2004-09-21 Balcke-Durr Energietechnik Gmbh Evaporator
US7972624B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2011-07-05 Shun-Por Li Method of manufacturing modified release dosage forms
US20110297331A1 (en) * 2008-10-01 2011-12-08 Tongaat Hulett Limited Continuous Vacuum Pan
US20170128854A1 (en) * 2014-03-28 2017-05-11 Eruca Technologies S.R.O. Discontinuous crystallization unit for the production of ball-shaped crystals

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2493869A1 (fr) * 1980-11-10 1982-05-14 Fives Cail Babcock Procede de production de lactose cristallise et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
FR2493679A1 (fr) * 1980-11-10 1982-05-14 Fives Cail Babcock Procede de fabrication de produits alimentaires en poudre a partir du lactoserum et d'autres solutions de lactose et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
FR2569130B1 (fr) * 1984-08-20 1989-09-08 Langreney Francois Procede et dispositif de cristallisation continue, notamment du saccharose
DE3641223A1 (de) * 1986-12-03 1988-06-09 Haensel Otto Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur waermebehandlung von suesswarenmassen mittels waermetauscher

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2091900A (en) * 1932-04-04 1937-08-31 Penick & Ford Ltd Inc Crystallizer apparatus
GB527992A (en) * 1938-05-09 1940-10-21 Werkspoor Nv Process and apparatus for continuously crystallizing sugar and like solutions
FR982581A (fr) * 1943-07-22 1951-06-12 Fr De Const Mecaniques Soc Installation et appareils pour la cristallisation en continu des solutions sucirées
FR1324801A (fr) * 1962-06-12 1963-04-19 Sueddeutsche Zucker Ag Procédé et installation pour la cuisson et la cristallisation de solutions de sucre
FR1444230A (fr) * 1965-05-21 1966-07-01 Fives Lille Cail Procédé et dispositif pour empêcher l'encrassement dans les cristalliseurs par évaporation ou autres réacteurs chimiques
FR1491312A (fr) * 1966-05-13 1967-08-11 Fives Lille Cail Procédé de régulation de l'alimentation d'un réacteur à cellules

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2091900A (en) * 1932-04-04 1937-08-31 Penick & Ford Ltd Inc Crystallizer apparatus
GB527992A (en) * 1938-05-09 1940-10-21 Werkspoor Nv Process and apparatus for continuously crystallizing sugar and like solutions
FR982581A (fr) * 1943-07-22 1951-06-12 Fr De Const Mecaniques Soc Installation et appareils pour la cristallisation en continu des solutions sucirées
FR1324801A (fr) * 1962-06-12 1963-04-19 Sueddeutsche Zucker Ag Procédé et installation pour la cuisson et la cristallisation de solutions de sucre
FR1444230A (fr) * 1965-05-21 1966-07-01 Fives Lille Cail Procédé et dispositif pour empêcher l'encrassement dans les cristalliseurs par évaporation ou autres réacteurs chimiques
FR1491312A (fr) * 1966-05-13 1967-08-11 Fives Lille Cail Procédé de régulation de l'alimentation d'un réacteur à cellules

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Honig, Principles of Sugar Technology Vol. II, p. 307, 334 (1959) *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3880593A (en) * 1972-03-29 1975-04-29 Fives Lille Cail Crystallization apparatus
US3879215A (en) * 1972-08-24 1975-04-22 Hyesons Sugar Mills Limited Compartmentalized vacuum pan for crystallization of sugar
US4162927A (en) * 1972-11-13 1979-07-31 Morfin Alvarez Rafael Apparatus for crystallizing sugar solution and mother liquors continuously by evaporation
US4004964A (en) * 1974-04-18 1977-01-25 Unice Machine Company Multistage continuous vacuum pan
US4120745A (en) * 1975-09-01 1978-10-17 Csr Limited Semi-continuous vacuum pan system
US4816076A (en) * 1983-07-22 1989-03-28 The Tongaat-Gulett Group Limited Continuous pan crystallizer
US4878535A (en) * 1988-04-27 1989-11-07 Rosenblad Corporation Selective condensation apparatus
EP0370365A3 (de) * 1988-11-19 1991-02-13 Amding, Friedrich, Dr. rer. nat. Dipl.-Chem. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Zuckerkristallisation
EP0370365A2 (de) * 1988-11-19 1990-05-30 Amding, Friedrich, Dr. rer. nat. Dipl.-Chem. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Zuckerkristallisation
US5100941A (en) * 1989-07-05 1992-03-31 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Polyolefin resin composition
US5133807A (en) * 1990-04-20 1992-07-28 Fcb Process and installation for the continuous production of sugar crystals
US6793770B1 (en) * 1999-11-04 2004-09-21 Balcke-Durr Energietechnik Gmbh Evaporator
US20040173449A1 (en) * 2001-05-31 2004-09-09 Jean-Pierre Nadeau System for cooling a heated juice by partial low-pressure evaporation
US7416642B2 (en) * 2001-05-31 2008-08-26 Centre National De La Recherche Scientific (Cnrs) System for cooling a heated juice by partial low-pressure evaporation
US7972624B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2011-07-05 Shun-Por Li Method of manufacturing modified release dosage forms
US20110297331A1 (en) * 2008-10-01 2011-12-08 Tongaat Hulett Limited Continuous Vacuum Pan
US20170128854A1 (en) * 2014-03-28 2017-05-11 Eruca Technologies S.R.O. Discontinuous crystallization unit for the production of ball-shaped crystals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE731282A (tr) 1969-10-09
CU33387A (es) 1971-08-06
FR1581088A (tr) 1969-09-12
NL6910819A (tr) 1970-01-20
NL140901B (nl) 1974-01-15

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