US3626236A - Tungsten-halogen lamps - Google Patents

Tungsten-halogen lamps Download PDF

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Publication number
US3626236A
US3626236A US14011A US3626236DA US3626236A US 3626236 A US3626236 A US 3626236A US 14011 A US14011 A US 14011A US 3626236D A US3626236D A US 3626236DA US 3626236 A US3626236 A US 3626236A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
filament
filaments
lamp according
lamp
envelope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US14011A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth Buckley Robinson
Henry Alfred Fenn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thorn Lighting Ltd
Original Assignee
Thorn Lighting Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thorn Lighting Ltd filed Critical Thorn Lighting Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3626236A publication Critical patent/US3626236A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/18—Mountings or supports for the incandescent body
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
    • H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in tungstenhalogen incandescent lamps.
  • a tungsten-halogen studio lamp consisting of two parallel planar filaments mounted in a silica envelope, has the disadvantage that the filaments are necessarily large, which causes the size of the envelope to be larger than the optimum size for the operating temperature of the lamp.
  • the dimensions of the filaments and the spacing between the filaments are reduced as much as possible. Notwithstanding these reductions, a large envelope is still required, and due to the risk of an explosion when a large envelope is filled to a high pressure, the envelope is only filled to a relatively lowpressure.
  • the filaments of the lamps thus produced are particularly prone to arcing, especially when the lamp is burnt with the filaments at an angle of about 45 to the horizontal, which is an orientation commonly used in the studio.
  • the arcing has been attributed to two causes. Firstly the upper filament runs at a temperature 3050 C. higher than the lower filament, due to its position. Additionally there is a temperature gradient from the bottom to the top of each filament. Thus the top of the upper filament is the hottest part of the lamp and consequently the filament evaporates more rapidly there than at the rest of the filament.
  • the tungsten halide which decomposes near the filament replaces tungsten on the filament but not necessarily on the hot spots. These hot spots of the filament become thinner more rapidly than elsewhere, their electrical resistance becomes relatively high and hence these parts become still hotter.
  • the evaporation is enhanced and it has been found that a 30 C. rise in the original filament-temperature causes a reduction of 25 percent in the life of the lamp. The hotter a wire becomes the more likely it is to emit ionizing particles which may start arcmg.
  • the Langmuir sheath whose dimensions are controlled bythe temperature and pressure of the lamp, and the viscosity and density of its fill, convection does not occur and only laminar gas flow is evident.
  • the Langmuir sheaths may overlap. Impurities such as iron in the lamp can combine with the halogen and eventually find their way back to the filament. They may then be flashed off as ionizedparticles. The laminar flow tends to transfer the ionized particles from the lower filament to the top of the upper filament increasing the likelihood of arcing.
  • planar filament means a filament which is large in two dimensions and relatively small in the third dimension.
  • planar filament includes, for example, a biplanar filament.
  • a tungsten-halogen incandescent lamp comprises two planar filaments located one in front of the other, and the spacing between the filaments being greater at one pair of edges of the planes of the filaments than at the opposite pair of edges.
  • one of the filaments is of a lower efficiency than the other.
  • the life time of the lamp can be increased and may be greater than a similar lamp of the type described above.
  • the temperature gradient between the top and bottom of each filament is reduced and may be eliminated since there is less heat transfer between the filaments at the top than at the bottom.
  • the temperature difference between the front and rear filaments is reduced and in some cases eliminated by the wider spacing which gives less heat transfer and by the lower efiiciency of the upper filament.
  • the spacing at the top may be made sufficient to separate the Langmuir sheaths there and the convection between the filaments tends to prevent ionized gas being transferred from one filament to the other.
  • FIG. l is a front elevation of a tungsten-halogen-studio lamp.
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the lamp of FIG. 1.
  • Two tungsten filaments 11 and 12 are mounted in a silica envelope 13.
  • the filaments are made up of substantially parallel coiled sections 14 which are connected] in series and which are supported by hooks 15 from silica bridges l6.
  • Metalrods 17 support the silica bridges 16. These rods pass through a flat silica disc 18 which forms the base of the envelope 13.
  • Two silica tubes 19 surround the rods 17 on the side of .the disc 18 which is not enclosed by the envelope 13.
  • the tubes 19 are sealed with pinched seals 20 and metal foils 21 are included in the seal electrically to connect the rods M7 to terminal wires 22.
  • the ends 23 of the wires of the filaments are wound round the rods 17 so as to provide electrical connection between the filaments II and 12 and the terminal wire 22.
  • the upper ends of the rods 17 are provided with coils 24 which are located in tubes 25 on the inside ofthe envelope 13.
  • the lamp is made by bending the rods 17 into the shape required by the spacing of the filaments and the tubes l9with the seals 20 are welded into the flat silica disc 18.
  • the filaments II and 12 are mounted on the rods 17 and the envelope I3 is then sealed aroundthe filaments.
  • the fill of the envelope includes inert gas and small quantities of a halogen either as the element or in a compound.
  • the filament 12 has a lower efficiency than the filament l1 and the rods 17 are so bent that the filaments are further apart at the top than at the bottom.
  • the filaments are 45 to the horizontal with the filamentlZ above and to the rear of the filament 11. In this way the temperatures of the filaments are approximately the same and the tendency for arcing is less than for similar lamps with parallel filaments of equal efficiencies.
  • Each filament of the lamp described is a planar filament made up of parallel coiled-wire sections connected in series.
  • planar filament such as, for example, one made upof a zigzagarray of coiled sections connected in series, or a biplanar filament, that is a filament in which alternate sectionsare displaced out of the plane of the other sections into, a second plane.
  • the coiled filament may be a coiled coil.
  • a tungsten-halogen incandescent lamp comprising: an, envelope; a fill of inert gas and halogen; lamp terminals; two planar tungsten filaments located one in front of the other inside the envelope, the spacing between the said filaments being greater at one pair of edges of the planes of the filaments than at the opposite pair of edges; and lead-in conductors connecting the filaments to the terminals.
  • a lamp according to claim I in which the filaments are made up of parallel coiled wire sections.
  • a lamp according to claim 4 in which the sections are suspended between bridge means.
  • a lamp according to claim 5 including hooks, the sections being suspended from the bridge means by the hooks.
  • a lamp according to claim 8 including coils and corresponding tubes the coils being mounted at one end of each of the rods and engaging the corresponding tubes which are provided on the inside of the envelope, the rods passing through and being-sealed in the envelope.
  • a lamp according to claim 1 in which the filaments are further apart at the edges most distant from the lamp terminals.
  • a lamp according to claim oriented during use with said edges uppermost.
  • a lamp according to claim 2 oriented during use with the filament of lower efficiency uppermost.
  • each filament is 5 made up of filament sections which lie substantially in the plane of the filament.

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  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
US14011A 1969-03-25 1970-02-25 Tungsten-halogen lamps Expired - Lifetime US3626236A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB05596/69A GB1189977A (en) 1969-03-25 1969-03-25 Improvements in Tungsten-Halogen Incandescent Lamps

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3626236A true US3626236A (en) 1971-12-07

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ID=10061970

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14011A Expired - Lifetime US3626236A (en) 1969-03-25 1970-02-25 Tungsten-halogen lamps

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3626236A (xx)
GB (1) GB1189977A (xx)
NL (1) NL149325B (xx)
SE (1) SE370814B (xx)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USB531929I5 (xx) * 1974-01-21 1976-01-20
US3968395A (en) * 1972-09-25 1976-07-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Two filament electric bulb traffic light
US4023060A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-05-10 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Ruggedized, high power tungsten-halogen lamp
US4720653A (en) * 1986-10-20 1988-01-19 Gte Products Corporation Electric lamp with bridge support member providing both compressive and axial support
US5159235A (en) * 1990-08-10 1992-10-27 Gte Products Corporation Hollow lamp bridge
US5896007A (en) * 1993-12-22 1999-04-20 Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Halogen incandescent lamp with heat transfer by conduction
US20050092025A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-05-05 Fridrich Elmer G. Apparatus and process for finishing light source filament tubes and arc tubes
US20050092613A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-05-05 Fridrich Elmer G. Two-bath electrolysis
US20050093420A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-05-05 Fridrich Elmer G. Spurred light source lead wire for handling and for assembling with a filament
US20050092051A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-05-05 Fridrich Elmer G. One piece foliated leads for sealing in light sources
US20050093454A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-05-05 Fridrich Elmer G. Light source bodies for filament tubes and arc tubes

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1483449A (en) * 1921-09-15 1924-02-12 Westinghouse Lamp Co Electric lamp for projection apparatus
US3441774A (en) * 1966-12-12 1969-04-29 Gen Electric Halogen-cycle incandescent lamp with planar filament

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1483449A (en) * 1921-09-15 1924-02-12 Westinghouse Lamp Co Electric lamp for projection apparatus
US3441774A (en) * 1966-12-12 1969-04-29 Gen Electric Halogen-cycle incandescent lamp with planar filament

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3968395A (en) * 1972-09-25 1976-07-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Two filament electric bulb traffic light
USB531929I5 (xx) * 1974-01-21 1976-01-20
US3986067A (en) * 1974-01-21 1976-10-12 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric incandescent lamp with support structure for a planar filament
US4023060A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-05-10 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Ruggedized, high power tungsten-halogen lamp
US4720653A (en) * 1986-10-20 1988-01-19 Gte Products Corporation Electric lamp with bridge support member providing both compressive and axial support
US5159235A (en) * 1990-08-10 1992-10-27 Gte Products Corporation Hollow lamp bridge
US5896007A (en) * 1993-12-22 1999-04-20 Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Halogen incandescent lamp with heat transfer by conduction
US20050092613A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-05-05 Fridrich Elmer G. Two-bath electrolysis
US20050092025A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-05-05 Fridrich Elmer G. Apparatus and process for finishing light source filament tubes and arc tubes
US20050093420A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-05-05 Fridrich Elmer G. Spurred light source lead wire for handling and for assembling with a filament
US20050092051A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-05-05 Fridrich Elmer G. One piece foliated leads for sealing in light sources
US20050093454A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-05-05 Fridrich Elmer G. Light source bodies for filament tubes and arc tubes
US7107676B2 (en) 2003-11-05 2006-09-19 Fridrich Elmer G One piece foliated leads for sealing in light sources
US7322870B2 (en) 2003-11-05 2008-01-29 Fridrich Elmer G Apparatus and process for finishing light source filament tubes and arc tubes
US20080090483A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2008-04-17 Fridrich Elmer G Light source bodies for filament tubes and arc tubes
US7811148B2 (en) 2003-11-05 2010-10-12 Halogen Technologies, Inc. Light source bodies for filament tubes and ARC tubes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1189977A (en) 1970-04-29
NL149325B (nl) 1976-04-15
DE2013573B2 (de) 1972-10-05
DE2013573A1 (de) 1970-10-01
SE370814B (xx) 1974-10-28
NL7004231A (xx) 1970-09-29

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