Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
  • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
  • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
  • A24B15/12—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco
  • A24B15/14—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco made of tobacco and a binding agent not derived from tobacco

Definitions

• This invention relates to reconstituted tobacco products with improved burn and taste characteristics. More particularly, this invention relates to the use of a particular grade of ethylhydroxethyl cellulose in reconstituted tobacco compositions and to the novel and beneficial properties which result therefrom.
• burn ring refers to the black char ring on a cigar wrapper directly behind the burning zone of the cigar.
• burn ring With naturaltobacco wrapped cigars, the burn ring is very thin, about one sixty-fourth of an inch in width, while the smoker is puffing on the cigar, and may widen to perhaps one thirty-second to onesixteenth inch when the smoker lays his cigar down for several minutes in an ashtray. With reconstituted cigar wrappers, these width values may be approximately one-sixteenth to one-eighth inch while smoking and one-eighth to three-eighth inches after several minutes without puffing.
• Burn duration refers to the amount of time that a lit cigar will remain lit when placed in an ashtray without puffing. With naturaltobacco wrapped cigars, burn duration varies somewhat with cigar shape, and may range from 6 minutes on a cigarillo to about 10 minutes on large cigars. Reconstituted tobacco cigars which go out significantly faster than the conventional natural tobacco types are annoying to cigar smokers. In fact, burn durations which are somewhat longer than those for the natural tobacco cigars are considered desirable.
• the burn and taste improvement additive of the present invention may likewise be advantageously used with tobacco in reconstituted compositions with other shapes such as rods, cylinders, plugs, shreds and the like. Accordingly, it will be understood that the invention contemplates also tobacco manufacture of this type.
• EHEC ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose
• D.S. ethoxyl degree of substitution
• D.S. degree of substitution
• M.S. molar substitution
• the reason for this is that each time a hydroxyalkyl group is introduced into the cellulose molecule, an additional hydroxyl group is formed which itself is capable of hydroxyalklation. As a result of this, side chains of considerable length may form on the cellulose molecule.
• the M.S./D.S. ratio represents the average length of these side chains.
• the two most widely used methods for determining M.S. are the Zeisel-Morgan method and the tenninal methyl method.
• the Zeisel-Morgan method is reported beginning at page 500, vol. 18, 1946, of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Analytical Edition.
• the terminal methyl method is reported by Lemieux and Purves beginning at page 485, vol. 258, 1947, of Canadian Journal of Research.
• the ethoxyl D.S. determined by the terminal methyl method and the hydroxethyl M.S. was determined by the Ziesel-Morgan method.
• the ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose used by Rosenberg and Schmidt is different in composition than that of the present invention, which involves an ethoxyl degree of substitution of 1.2 to 1.6 and hydroxyethyl molar substitution of 0.5 to 1.2. The differences are even greater than one might anticipate from the substitution differentials, and are in fact differences in kind, not just in degree.
• the normal ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) used by Rosenberg and Schmidt will dissolve in water at temperatures up to about 60 C. The EHEC of this invention will not dissolve in water if the temperature is over 25 C. and, for complete solubilization, the temperature should be below 15 C.
• the Rosenberg and Schmidt EHEC will gel or precipitate from aqueous solution when the temperature is raised to 55- 70 C.; the EHEC of the present invention will gel or precipitate from aqueous solution when the temperature is raised to only about 32 -38 C.
• the Rosenberg and Schmidt EHEC is insoluble in methanol or ethanol or 90 percent isopropanol; the EHEC of the present invention is completely soluble in these solvents.
• both materials are ethylhydroxyethyl celluloses, the differences in substitution between the two grades have resulted in physical and chemical properties for the two grades of gum that are as different from each other as one would expect from adhesives of entirely different classes.
• the properties contributed to burn and taste of reconstituted tobacco compositions by the incorporation of the EHEC of the present invention are also radically different from those which are obtained using other carbohydrate, protein or synthetic gums. Furthermore, the burn and taste properties are radically different from those which are obtained with any other cellulose ether and even from other grades of ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose with different levels of substitution.
• carbohydrate adhesives investigated were animal gums, such as glycogen, plant gums and derivatives, such as cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, starches, starch ethers, starch esters, amylose, amylopectin and their ester and ether derivatives, locust bean gum, guar gum, gum arabic and related seed gums and plant exudate gums, marine plant gums, such as algins, carrageenans, laminarins and agar, and microbial gums such as the dextrans, phosphomannans such a USDA B-l459 and 8-1428, and the gluconic acid microbial containing gums such as the USDA Y-l409 gums, and waterdispersable protein classes such as animal proteins such as hydrolyzed keratins, egg albumin, and vegetable proteins such as gluten and synthetic gums such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene and polyacrylamide No significant improvements in burn ring, burn duration or taste properties were noted with each of these additive
• the burn and taste advantages associated with the use of the particular EHEC of this invention are due to the degree of substitution of the ethoxyl and hydroxyethyl substituents, with no significant effect of the viscosity of gum on these properties.
• the higher the viscosity of the EHEC the more it will function as an adhesive and the more it will contribute to the strength of the reconstituted tobacco product.
• the lowest viscosity and lowest molecular weight grades of EHEC which are poor film-formers and do not function to any extent as adhesives, will contribute the burn and taste advantages described above.
• a tobacco slurry is prepared in the conventional manner by adding, with agitation, one part (dry basis) of a 3.2 percent dispersion of refined sulfite pulp to one part (dry basis) of a 2 percent aqueous dispersion of ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose with an ethoxyl D5. of 1.2, a hydroxyethyl M.S. of 0.5 and a viscosity of 15,000 cps, and adding to the resultant dispersion 0.2 parts (dry basis) ofa 50 percent aqueous solution ofglyoxal and five parts (dry basis) of a 20 percent dispersion of minus 120 mesh Wisconsin leaf tobacco dust.
• the tobacco slurry is then prepared and cast, also in a conventional manner, into a shaped form, namely a sheet, at a thickness such that the tobacco slurry film, after drying, will weight 3 grams per square foot.
• the cast tobacco slurry film is dried at 95-100bL C.
• the resultant reconstituted tobacco sheet containing 13.9 percent ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose (dry basis) was used as wrapper on a perfecto-shaped large cigar which also contained a natural Wisconsin tobacco leaf binder and chopped Puerto Rican filler.
• the cigar, on combustion exhibited a burn ring only about one sixty-fourth inch in width while smoking, and only one thirty-second inch in width when allowed to rest in an ashtray for 4 minutes without puffing.
• the burn duration when the cigar was not being puffed was 14 minutes before the cigar self-extinguished.
• the taste characteristic of the cigar was considered by a panel of smoking connoisseurs to be comparable to that of a natural wrapped control cigar.
• the same cigar with a natural Connecticut shade wrapper had the same width of burn rings while smoking and upon resting in an ashtray for 4 minutes.
• the burn duration was 12 minutes before the cigar self-extinguished.
• EXAMPLE la For comparison, the same shape and size cigar made with a reconstituted tobacco wrapper comparable to the one described, except for the use of 13.9 percent guar gum in place of the 13.9 ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose in the formulation, exhibited a burn ring of one-eight inch in width while smoking, and one-fourth inch in width when allowed to rest in an ashtray for 4 minutes without putting. The burn duration when the cigar was not being puffed was 7 minutes before the cigar self-extinguished.
• a tobacco slurry is prepared by first adding one part (dry basis) of a 3.2 percent dispersion of refined sulfite pulp to 0.6 parts (dry basis) of a 2 percent aqueous dispersion of guar gum. To the resultant dispersion is added 0.4 parts (dry basis) of a 2 aqueous dispersion of ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose with an ethoxyl D.S. of 1.6, a hydroxyethyl M.S.
• the tobacco slurry is cast and dried as in example 1, and was evaluated as wrapper on a cigar comparable to that employed in example 1.
• the cigar exhibited a burn ring one thirty-second inch while smoking and one-sixteenth inch in width when allowed to rest in an ashtray for 4 minutes.
• the burn duration when the cigar was not being puffed was 12 minutes before the cigar self-extinguished.
• the taste characteristic was considered comparable in quality to that of a natural tobacco wrapped cigar counterpart by a panel of cigar smokers.
• EXAMPLE III A tobacco slurry is prepared as described in example 11. To this slurry is added with agitation 0.6 parts of a 10 percent aqueous suspension of calcium carbonate with an average particle size of about 0.5 microns. The resultant slurry is deaerated, cast and dried as in example [1, and was evaluated as wrapper on a cigar comparable to that employed in examples I. and ll. The cigar exhibited a burn ring one sixty-fourth inch in width while smoking, one thirty-second inch in width when allowed to rest in an ashtray for 4 minutes, and a burn duration of 16 minutes when the cigar was not being puffed.
• a tobacco composition having improved burn properties comprising finely divided tobacco and ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose with an ethoxyl D8. of 1.2 to 1.6 and a hydroxyethyl M.S. of 0.5 to 1.2 and having a gel temperature of about 32 to 3 8 C.
• composition according to claim 1 wherein said ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose comprises 3 to 15 percent by weight of the total composition.
• composition according to claim 1 wherein said ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose comprises 2 to 10 percent by weight of the total composition and including 2 to 10 percent by weight of a material chosen from calcium or magnesium carbonate.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Cited By (6)

Citations (3)

• 1969
  • 1969-07-24 US US844652A patent/US3625225A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1970
  • 1970-07-06 CA CA087447A patent/CA918025A/en not_active Expired
  • 1970-07-09 GB GB1296890D patent/GB1296890A/en not_active Expired
  • 1970-07-16 IT IT52200/70A patent/IT968023B/it active
  • 1970-07-17 FR FR707026405A patent/FR2053116B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1970-07-20 LU LU61364D patent/LU61364A1/xx unknown
  • 1970-07-22 DE DE19702036400 patent/DE2036400A1/de active Pending
  • 1970-07-23 JP JP45063996A patent/JPS498876B1/ja active Pending
  • 1970-07-23 CH CH1117470A patent/CH524326A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1970-07-23 NL NL7010909A patent/NL7010909A/xx unknown
  • 1970-07-24 BE BE753867D patent/BE753867A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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