US3619549A - Arc torch cutting process - Google Patents

Arc torch cutting process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3619549A
US3619549A US47840A US3619549DA US3619549A US 3619549 A US3619549 A US 3619549A US 47840 A US47840 A US 47840A US 3619549D A US3619549D A US 3619549DA US 3619549 A US3619549 A US 3619549A
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United States
Prior art keywords
arc
gas
liquid
nozzle
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US47840A
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English (en)
Inventor
John A Hogan
Robert M Gage
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
L-Tec Co
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Union Carbide Corp
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Assigned to L-TEC COMPANY reassignment L-TEC COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION
Assigned to SECURITY PACIFIC BUSINESS CREDIT INC., A DE CORP. reassignment SECURITY PACIFIC BUSINESS CREDIT INC., A DE CORP. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: L-TEC COMPANY A NY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
Assigned to L-TEC COMPANY reassignment L-TEC COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, A CORP OF NY.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3405—Arrangements for stabilising or constricting the arc, e.g. by an additional gas flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/013—Arc cutting, gouging, scarfing or desurfacing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3468—Vortex generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3421—Transferred arc or pilot arc mode

Definitions

  • Terminello ABSTRACT High quality, square cuts are obtained in metals Y by an arc process wherein an arc is struck between an elec- [541 g g gf PROCESS trode and workpiece, a gas vortex is passed around the elec- 8 trode and is directed into a constricting nozzle passage where [52] U.S. Cl 219/121 P a liquid, usually water, vortex swirling in the same direction as [51] Int. Cl 323k 9/00 the gas vortex is introduced. The arc passes through the gas [50] and liquid vortex and through the nozzle and is directed in a Field ofSearch ..2l9/75, 121
  • This invention relates to a process for cutting metals. More particularly this invention relates to a process for cutting metals with an arc constricted in a nozzle.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a cutting process which produces high quality cuts with essentially no dross and a minimum heat affected zone.
  • a further object is to provide an improved arc process for removing metal from a workpiece.
  • Another object is to provide a simple process for producing high quality cuts at high speed.
  • FIG. la, b and c are photographs of cuts made in 56-inch stainless steel with presently known constricted are cutting techniques
  • FIG. 2a, b and c are photographs of cuts made in 54-inch stainless steel with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3a, b and c are photographs of cuts made in r-inch stainless steel with a nozzle having a 4/32-inch diameter constricting passage by prior art cutting techniques;
  • FIG. 4a, b and c are similar to FIG. 3a, b and c with the exception that a nozzle was used having a 5/32-inch diameter constricting passage;
  • FIG. 5a, b and c are photographs of cuts made in -inch stainless steel using the techniques of the present invention and a 5/32-inch diameter constricting passage;
  • FIG. 6a, b and c are photographs of cuts made in l-inc stainless steel with prior art techniques;
  • FIG. 7a, b of cuts made in I-inch stainless steel with the techniques of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a typical device for practicing the present invention.
  • the invention resides in a process for removing metal by establishing an arc between an electrode and a workpiece.
  • a vortical flow of gas is introduced around the arc.
  • a vortical flow of liquid having the same direction as the vortical flow of gas is introduced around the flow of gas and the arc.
  • the arc, gas and liquid are then passed through a nozzle and against a workpiece to remove metal from the workpiece.
  • One of the major advantages of the present invention is that not only is better cut quality achieved even over the best cuts now obtainable, but they are achieved with a much simpler process at cutting speeds much higher than speeds now obtainable with the best high quality plasma cutting techniques.
  • the invention is predicated on the discovery that the coexistence in an arc constricting passage containing both a gas vortical flow and liquid vortical flow having the same direction of swirl will produce unexpectedly high quality cuts in metals.
  • an arc torch is shown at T.
  • the torch T is connected on one side to a power supply P.
  • the other side of the power source is connected to the work.
  • the torch shown diagrammatically, includes a nonconsumable electrode 1.
  • Such electrode may be, for example, a tungsten electrode or a thoriated tungsten electrode.
  • a nonconsumable electrode 1 is in axial alignment with the center passage 7 in the nozzle N.
  • the nozzle N is provided with tangential fluid injection ports 3. In the preferred embodiment, four tangential ports are provided.
  • injection ports may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
  • Other liquids may be used as the fluid; however, water is preferred.
  • the water enters the torch through the injection ports 3 and achieves vortical flow in the chamber 5.
  • the chamber 5 has an annular outlet 6 in the center passage 7. The vortical flow of liquid leaves the ample, in R. M. Gages US. Pat. No. 2,862,099, issued Nov. 25, 1958.
  • the center passage 7 provides arc constriction as taught by Gage.
  • the nozzle passage 7 is large enough (five thirty-seconds inch) so as to minimize the possibility of a double arc situation in the current range of up to about 400 amps.
  • the arc is further constricted by the vortical flow of liquid from the chamber 5.
  • the equivalent of a smaller nozzle passage is achieved while minimizing the danger of destroying the nozzle.
  • Table 1 summarizes examples of the invention which produced cuts of the quality shown in the photographs.
  • nitrogen is the gas utilized; however, it should be understood that the gas is not critical except that it should be compatible with the material being cut.
  • water is preferred to form the constricting fluid vortex since it is obviously the most accessible and cheap liquid to use, other liquids might be used.
  • Water is the preferred liquid because in practice, as will be noted from the photographs, cuts made with water exhibit essentially no heat affected zone and little or no dross on most materials. Also, water minimizes surface discoloration caused by excessive heat normally generated by the arc.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
US47840A 1970-06-19 1970-06-19 Arc torch cutting process Expired - Lifetime US3619549A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US4784070A 1970-06-19 1970-06-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3619549A true US3619549A (en) 1971-11-09

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Family Applications (1)

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US47840A Expired - Lifetime US3619549A (en) 1970-06-19 1970-06-19 Arc torch cutting process

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3619549A (enExample)
JP (2) JPS5431983B1 (enExample)
AT (1) AT316275B (enExample)
BE (1) BE768745A (enExample)
CA (1) CA927740A (enExample)
CH (1) CH528326A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2130394B2 (enExample)
ES (1) ES392393A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2099260A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1326128A (enExample)
NL (1) NL156567B (enExample)
ZA (1) ZA712540B (enExample)

Cited By (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3720598A (en) * 1970-12-31 1973-03-13 Ibm Cryogenic arc furnace and method of forming materials
US3833787A (en) * 1972-06-12 1974-09-03 Hypotherm Inc Plasma jet cutting torch having reduced noise generating characteristics
US3851864A (en) * 1973-06-26 1974-12-03 Lukens Steel Co Apparatus and process for suppression of noise and fumes generated by plasma-arc cutting operation
US4058698A (en) * 1974-04-02 1977-11-15 David Grigorievich Bykhovsky Method and apparatus for DC reverse polarity plasma-arc working of electrically conductive materials
US4291217A (en) * 1978-09-30 1981-09-22 Messer Griesheim Process for underwater plasma cutting of workpieces
US4311897A (en) * 1979-08-28 1982-01-19 Union Carbide Corporation Plasma arc torch and nozzle assembly
US4338509A (en) * 1980-04-25 1982-07-06 Vysoka Skola Chemicko-Technologicka Process of and apparatus for producing a homogeneous radially confined plasma stream
US4791268A (en) * 1987-01-30 1988-12-13 Hypertherm, Inc. Arc plasma torch and method using contact starting
US4816637A (en) * 1985-11-25 1989-03-28 Hypertherm, Inc. Underwater and above-water plasma arc cutting torch and method
US4902871A (en) * 1987-01-30 1990-02-20 Hypertherm, Inc. Apparatus and process for cooling a plasma arc electrode
US5124525A (en) * 1991-08-27 1992-06-23 Esab Welding Products, Inc. Plasma arc torch having improved nozzle assembly
US5164568A (en) * 1989-10-20 1992-11-17 Hypertherm, Inc. Nozzle for a plasma arc torch having an angled inner surface to facilitate and control arc ignition
US5194715A (en) * 1991-11-27 1993-03-16 Esab Welding Products, Inc. Plasma arc torch used in underwater cutting
US5208441A (en) * 1991-04-29 1993-05-04 Century Manufacturing Co. Plasma arc ignition system
US5380976A (en) * 1992-12-11 1995-01-10 Hypertherm, Inc. Process for high quality plasma arc and laser cutting of stainless steel and aluminum
US5414236A (en) * 1992-12-11 1995-05-09 Hypertherm, Inc. Process for high quality plasma arc cutting of stainless steel and aluminum
US5416296A (en) * 1994-03-11 1995-05-16 American Torch Tip Company Electrode for plasma arc torch
US6054669A (en) * 1998-05-20 2000-04-25 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma marking torch and method of operating same
AT406559B (de) * 1998-01-23 2000-06-26 Fronius Schweissmasch Brenner für schneidverfahren
US6163009A (en) * 1998-10-23 2000-12-19 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6326583B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-12-04 Innerlogic, Inc. Gas control system for a plasma arc torch
US6498317B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2002-12-24 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6677551B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2004-01-13 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6841754B2 (en) 2001-03-09 2005-01-11 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite electrode for a plasma arc torch
US20050258151A1 (en) * 2004-05-18 2005-11-24 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma arc torch
US20090200032A1 (en) * 2007-10-16 2009-08-13 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge
US20090206721A1 (en) * 2007-10-16 2009-08-20 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for coupling a solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell to a plasma arc torch
US8785808B2 (en) 2001-07-16 2014-07-22 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma whirl reactor apparatus and methods of use
US8810122B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2014-08-19 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma arc torch having multiple operating modes
US8833054B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2014-09-16 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for lean combustion with plasma from an electrical arc
US8904749B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2014-12-09 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Inductively coupled plasma arc device
US9185787B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2015-11-10 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge device
US9230777B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-01-05 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Water/wastewater recycle and reuse with plasma, activated carbon and energy system
US9445488B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-09-13 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma whirl reactor apparatus and methods of use
US9499443B2 (en) 2012-12-11 2016-11-22 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Apparatus and method for sintering proppants
US9516736B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-12-06 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for recovering mining fluids from mining byproducts
US9560731B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-01-31 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for an inductively coupled plasma Arc Whirl filter press
US9560732B2 (en) 2006-09-13 2017-01-31 Hypertherm, Inc. High access consumables for a plasma arc cutting system
US9662747B2 (en) 2006-09-13 2017-05-30 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite consumables for a plasma arc torch
US9699879B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2017-07-04 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Apparatus and method for sintering proppants
US9761413B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-09-12 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge device
US9949356B2 (en) 2012-07-11 2018-04-17 Lincoln Global, Inc. Electrode for a plasma arc cutting torch
US10098217B2 (en) 2012-07-19 2018-10-09 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite consumables for a plasma arc torch
US10194516B2 (en) 2006-09-13 2019-01-29 Hypertherm, Inc. High access consumables for a plasma arc cutting system
US10244614B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2019-03-26 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for plasma arc welding ceramics and sapphire
US10267106B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2019-04-23 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for treating mining byproducts
US10368557B2 (en) 2001-07-16 2019-08-06 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Apparatus for treating a substance with wave energy from an electrical arc and a second source
US11806686B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2023-11-07 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge

Families Citing this family (7)

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DE2640506C3 (de) * 1976-09-09 1981-01-22 Messer Griesheim Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Gasgemisch zur Herstellung von bartfreien Trennschnitten beim Plasmaschneiden
FR2370534A1 (fr) * 1976-11-10 1978-06-09 Secim Presse a filage inverse
DE3050798C2 (de) * 1979-08-28 1984-10-31 Union Carbide Corp Plasmabrenner
FR2545024B1 (fr) * 1983-04-28 1985-08-23 Delattre Levivier Procede et machine de coupe au plasma de tubes
US4744236A (en) * 1984-04-20 1988-05-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobeseikosho Method of and apparatus for indirect extrusion
JPS60227920A (ja) * 1984-04-25 1985-11-13 Kobe Steel Ltd 管状製品の間接押出し方法
CA1261927A (en) * 1985-11-25 1989-09-26 Hypertherm, Inc. Underwater and above-water plasma arc cutting torch and method

Citations (3)

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US2906858A (en) * 1957-10-10 1959-09-29 Union Carbide Corp Liquid vortex arc torch process
US3149222A (en) * 1962-08-21 1964-09-15 Giannini Scient Corp Electrical plasma-jet apparatus and method incorporating multiple electrodes
US3534388A (en) * 1968-03-13 1970-10-13 Hitachi Ltd Plasma jet cutting process

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2906858A (en) * 1957-10-10 1959-09-29 Union Carbide Corp Liquid vortex arc torch process
US3149222A (en) * 1962-08-21 1964-09-15 Giannini Scient Corp Electrical plasma-jet apparatus and method incorporating multiple electrodes
US3534388A (en) * 1968-03-13 1970-10-13 Hitachi Ltd Plasma jet cutting process

Cited By (78)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3720598A (en) * 1970-12-31 1973-03-13 Ibm Cryogenic arc furnace and method of forming materials
US3833787A (en) * 1972-06-12 1974-09-03 Hypotherm Inc Plasma jet cutting torch having reduced noise generating characteristics
US3851864A (en) * 1973-06-26 1974-12-03 Lukens Steel Co Apparatus and process for suppression of noise and fumes generated by plasma-arc cutting operation
US4058698A (en) * 1974-04-02 1977-11-15 David Grigorievich Bykhovsky Method and apparatus for DC reverse polarity plasma-arc working of electrically conductive materials
US4291217A (en) * 1978-09-30 1981-09-22 Messer Griesheim Process for underwater plasma cutting of workpieces
US4311897A (en) * 1979-08-28 1982-01-19 Union Carbide Corporation Plasma arc torch and nozzle assembly
US4338509A (en) * 1980-04-25 1982-07-06 Vysoka Skola Chemicko-Technologicka Process of and apparatus for producing a homogeneous radially confined plasma stream
US4816637A (en) * 1985-11-25 1989-03-28 Hypertherm, Inc. Underwater and above-water plasma arc cutting torch and method
US4791268A (en) * 1987-01-30 1988-12-13 Hypertherm, Inc. Arc plasma torch and method using contact starting
US4902871A (en) * 1987-01-30 1990-02-20 Hypertherm, Inc. Apparatus and process for cooling a plasma arc electrode
US5164568A (en) * 1989-10-20 1992-11-17 Hypertherm, Inc. Nozzle for a plasma arc torch having an angled inner surface to facilitate and control arc ignition
US5208441A (en) * 1991-04-29 1993-05-04 Century Manufacturing Co. Plasma arc ignition system
US5124525A (en) * 1991-08-27 1992-06-23 Esab Welding Products, Inc. Plasma arc torch having improved nozzle assembly
US5194715A (en) * 1991-11-27 1993-03-16 Esab Welding Products, Inc. Plasma arc torch used in underwater cutting
US5653896A (en) * 1992-12-11 1997-08-05 Hypertherm, Inc. Process for high quality plasma arc and laser cutting of stainless steel and aluminum
US5414236A (en) * 1992-12-11 1995-05-09 Hypertherm, Inc. Process for high quality plasma arc cutting of stainless steel and aluminum
US5558786A (en) * 1992-12-11 1996-09-24 Hypertherm, Inc. Process for high quality plasma arc and laser cutting of stainless steel and aluminum
US5380976A (en) * 1992-12-11 1995-01-10 Hypertherm, Inc. Process for high quality plasma arc and laser cutting of stainless steel and aluminum
US5416296A (en) * 1994-03-11 1995-05-16 American Torch Tip Company Electrode for plasma arc torch
AT406559B (de) * 1998-01-23 2000-06-26 Fronius Schweissmasch Brenner für schneidverfahren
US6326581B1 (en) 1998-01-23 2001-12-04 Fronius Schweissmaschinen Produktion Gmbh & Co. Kg Torch for cutting processes
US6054669A (en) * 1998-05-20 2000-04-25 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma marking torch and method of operating same
US6163009A (en) * 1998-10-23 2000-12-19 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6498317B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2002-12-24 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6677551B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2004-01-13 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6326583B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-12-04 Innerlogic, Inc. Gas control system for a plasma arc torch
US20050067387A1 (en) * 2001-03-09 2005-03-31 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite electrode for a plasma arc torch
US6841754B2 (en) 2001-03-09 2005-01-11 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite electrode for a plasma arc torch
US20060289407A1 (en) * 2001-03-09 2006-12-28 Cook David J Composite electrode for a plasma arc torch
US7659488B2 (en) 2001-03-09 2010-02-09 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite electrode for a plasma arc torch
USRE46925E1 (en) 2001-03-09 2018-06-26 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite electrode for a plasma arc torch
US10368557B2 (en) 2001-07-16 2019-08-06 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Apparatus for treating a substance with wave energy from an electrical arc and a second source
US8785808B2 (en) 2001-07-16 2014-07-22 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma whirl reactor apparatus and methods of use
US8796581B2 (en) 2001-07-16 2014-08-05 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma whirl reactor apparatus and methods of use
US20050258151A1 (en) * 2004-05-18 2005-11-24 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma arc torch
US6969819B1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-11-29 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma arc torch
US10194516B2 (en) 2006-09-13 2019-01-29 Hypertherm, Inc. High access consumables for a plasma arc cutting system
US9662747B2 (en) 2006-09-13 2017-05-30 Hypertherm, Inc. Composite consumables for a plasma arc torch
US9560732B2 (en) 2006-09-13 2017-01-31 Hypertherm, Inc. High access consumables for a plasma arc cutting system
US8810122B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2014-08-19 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma arc torch having multiple operating modes
US9761413B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-09-12 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge device
US9051820B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2015-06-09 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge
US9105433B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2015-08-11 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma torch
US9111712B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2015-08-18 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell
US10267106B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2019-04-23 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for treating mining byproducts
US9185787B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2015-11-10 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge device
US9230777B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-01-05 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Water/wastewater recycle and reuse with plasma, activated carbon and energy system
US9241396B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-01-19 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Method for operating a plasma arc torch having multiple operating modes
US9445488B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-09-13 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Plasma whirl reactor apparatus and methods of use
US11806686B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2023-11-07 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge
US9516736B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2016-12-06 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for recovering mining fluids from mining byproducts
US9560731B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-01-31 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for an inductively coupled plasma Arc Whirl filter press
US20090206721A1 (en) * 2007-10-16 2009-08-20 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for coupling a solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell to a plasma arc torch
US9644465B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-05-09 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge
US8568663B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2013-10-29 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell and plasma system
US10638592B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2020-04-28 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for an inductively coupled plasma arc whirl filter press
US20090200032A1 (en) * 2007-10-16 2009-08-13 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge
US9781817B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-10-03 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge device
US9790108B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2017-10-17 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Water/wastewater recycle and reuse with plasma, activated carbon and energy system
US10412820B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2019-09-10 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for recovering mining fluids from mining byproducts
US10184322B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2019-01-22 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc System, method and apparatus for creating an electrical glow discharge
US10117318B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2018-10-30 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge device
US9951942B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2018-04-24 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell
US8278810B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2012-10-02 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell
US10018351B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2018-07-10 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Solid oxide high temperature electrolysis glow discharge cell
US10395892B2 (en) 2007-10-16 2019-08-27 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc High temperature electrolysis glow discharge method
US10098191B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2018-10-09 Forest Plasma Labs, LLC Inductively coupled plasma arc device
US8904749B2 (en) 2008-02-12 2014-12-09 Foret Plasma Labs, Llc Inductively coupled plasma arc device
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5431983B1 (enExample) 1979-10-11
AT316275B (de) 1974-07-10
FR2099260A5 (enExample) 1972-03-10
ES392393A1 (es) 1974-08-01
JPS52752A (en) 1977-01-06
ZA712540B (en) 1972-01-26
DE2130394B2 (de) 1976-04-01
CH528326A (fr) 1972-09-30
GB1326128A (en) 1973-08-08
BE768745A (fr) 1971-12-20
NL156567B (nl) 1978-04-17
CA927740A (en) 1973-06-05
DE2130394A1 (de) 1971-12-23
NL7108433A (enExample) 1971-12-21

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