US3619361A - Apparatus for making pipes from fiber pulp - Google Patents

Apparatus for making pipes from fiber pulp Download PDF

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Publication number
US3619361A
US3619361A US795208*A US3619361DA US3619361A US 3619361 A US3619361 A US 3619361A US 3619361D A US3619361D A US 3619361DA US 3619361 A US3619361 A US 3619361A
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Prior art keywords
roll
mandrel
set forth
pressure
couch
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Expired - Lifetime
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US795208*A
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English (en)
Inventor
Johann Schoggl
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JM Voith AG
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JM Voith AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B21/00—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles
    • B28B21/42—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by shaping on or against mandrels or like moulding surfaces
    • B28B21/48—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by shaping on or against mandrels or like moulding surfaces by wrapping, e.g. winding

Definitions

  • An apparatus for making pipes from a pulp which contains fiber material and a binder comprises a pulp feeder, couch-roll means for couching pulp from said feeder, a horizontal breast roll spaced from the couch-roll means, a mandrel detachably supported on the top of said breast roll, pressure-roll means arranged to urge said mandrel against said breast roll, and an endless felt blanket, which is trained over said couch-roll means and is mounted on support means to pass between said pressure-roll means and said mandrel and to pass from said pressure-roll means extends back to said couchroll means out of contact with said breast roll.
  • the blanket transfers said pulp in the form of a web from said couch-roll means to said mandrel.
  • the web is wound around the mandrel in a tubular form to form the desired pipes.
  • Known machines for making pipes of asbestos cement comprise upper and lower felt blankets and operate in accordance with a full-width winding process.
  • a rotating screening drum has a width which corresponds to the length of the pipe to be made and is immersed in the fiber pulp.
  • a fiber material web is formed in that the water permeates the screening drum and the fiber pulp is retained on the screen surface. The water is drained from the interior of the screening drum.
  • the couch roll urges an endless felt blanket against the top of the screening drum so that the web is transferred to the felt blanket.
  • This felt blanket is trained as a lower felt blanket around a breast roll and subsequently around tensioning means and through washing means.
  • Dewatering means are incorporated adjacent to the path of the lower felt blanket and serve to dewater the felt blanket and the web lying thereon.
  • the mandrel is applied to the breast roll at the top thereof.
  • the mandrel consists generally of a cylindrical member made of steel or cast iron and having a length which slightly exceeds that of the pipe to be made and has a surface which is smooth or roughened, e.g., knurled.
  • Under the pressure applied by the mandrel to the breast roll the web is couched and wound onto the mandrel.
  • the winding operation is continued until the desired wall thickness of the pipe has been reached.
  • the operation is then interrupted for a short time, the wound mandrel is removed and a new mandrel is inserted. The operation can then be repeated.
  • this process is known as a Mazza process. It has the disadvantage that the lower felt blanket must be guided by deflecting rolls from the couch roll to the breast roll and required much space, which is needed for the access to the machine and mainly for a replacement of the mandrel.
  • the two felt blankets render the operation more expensive because they are subject to heavy wear, particularly when processing asbestos cement.
  • High-vacuum suctions means are used to dewater the fiber web on the lower felt blankets and result in a strong wear of the felt.
  • Another apparatus serves to manufacture asbestos cement plates from a thin asbestos cement pulp by means of screening cylinders, which take up an asbestos cement film from the pulp and transfer said film onto a felt blanket, which transfers the partly dewatered film of asbestos cement onto a size-determining roll.
  • the output of the known plate-making machine having three screening cylinders is allegedly doubled, approximately. in that the size-determining roll has two endless felt blankets associated with it, which are separately forced against the size-determining roll at different points and are trained around separate groups of screening cylinders.
  • the web is supplied from above to the mandrel, The machine is complicated in design and the space between the couch roll and the mandrel is obstructed.
  • a feeder e.g., a screening drum
  • the felt blanket When the felt blanket has left the pressure rolls adjacent to the breast roll, the felt blanket moves around a reversing roll and then back to the breast roll, from which the felt blanket returns to the couch roll.
  • This apparatus has the disadvantage that the mandrel is accessible only from one side rather than from both sides. As access from both sides would be desirable to simplify the feeding of the pipe-making machine with mandrels and to save space.
  • the felt blanket returns from the pressure roll or rolls to the couch roll or rolls without contacting the breast roll.
  • there are free spaces before and behind the mandrel in operating position so that there is adequate space for accommodating the means for feeding the mandrels.
  • Another known machine comprises only a lower felt blanket. Whereas this machine avoids the use of two felt blankets, it does not afford an improved access.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing a pipemaking apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of FIG. 1 on a larger scale.
  • FIG. 3 shows another detail of FIG. 1, also on a larger scale.
  • FIG. 3a is a sectional view taken on line IIIaIIIa in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows another detail of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. Si is a sectional view taken on line vV in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is an axial sectional view showing a modification of the detail shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken on line VIIVII in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment of the detail shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken on line lX-IX in FIG. 8 and FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. I and shows a detail of a modification of FIG. 1.
  • a horizontal screening cylinder 1 is rotatably mounted in 126 trough 100, which contains the fiber pulp.
  • a vacuum couch roll 3-9 (parallel to the screening cylinder, shown in more detail in FIGS. 3 and 3a takes dewatered pulp in the form of a thin web from the screening cylinder 1 and transfers said web to the felt blanket 2.
  • This felt blanket 2 moves in the machines as an upper felt, which carries the web, over a guide roll 10 (parallel to the couch roll), a control roll 11 rotatable about shaft 102, which is displaceable in the direction of the arrow A by hydraulic piston-cylinder units 101, and further guide rolls 12 and 14, to pressure rolls 16 (parallel) to the couch roll, where the pipe is formed in a fullwidth winding process, which has been explained hereinbefore.
  • the control-roll shaft 102 can be moved to a position in which the axis includes an angle differing from with the direction of movement of the felt blanket.
  • the felt blanket 2 is moved over guide rolls 18, 20, 21 and 22, a compensating roll 23, further guide rolls 24 and 25, a drive roll 26, and a tension roll 27 back to the couch roll 3-9 without contacting the breast roll.
  • the drive roll 26 is adapted to be driven by a motor and gear unit, not shown.
  • the guide roll 21 is disposed in a trough 21', in which the felt blanket 2 is washed.
  • a plurality of high-pressure spraypipes 103 are provided, which direct jets 104 against the felt blanket 2.
  • the trough 21' also includes one or more felt heaters 21'', which can be caused to resolve by drive means which are not shown.
  • a so-called washing vacuum unit 28 is disposed between the tension roll 27 and the couch roll 39.
  • the blanket lies above a horizontal plane which includes the axis of the mandrel.
  • the pressure car base 34 associated with the pressure rolls 16 is guided by stationary guide bars 39 between stationary bearing plates 40, which are disposed laterally of the machine, and is connected by piston rods 43 to pressure cylinders 41, which are secured to the pressure car top 42.
  • the pressure bar base 34 is moved upwardly under the action of the pressure cylinders 41 as the wall thickness of the pipe being wound on the mandrel 16' increases.
  • the pressure car top 42 is moved to a predetermined level.
  • Positioning cylinders 44 are provided for this purpose and are secured in brackets.
  • the pressure car top 42 is secured to the piston rods 46 of said cylinders.
  • the pressure car top is adjusted when the pressure car base 34 is lowered onto the empty mandrel 16.
  • a parallel motion is provided, which consists of a connecting shaft 50, gears 49, bearing holders 48 and racks 47.
  • the compensating roll 23 serves to maintain the tension of the felt blanket 2 constant when the position of the pressure car is changed.
  • the compensating roll 23 is coupled by a two-armed lever 30 to the pressure car top 34.
  • the lever 30 is pivoted to a stationary bearing 29, which is disposed approximately at the center of the lever.
  • the lever 30 carries at each end a lever 31-33 or 35-37, which is adjustable in length. These levers are pivoted to the compensating rolls 23 and the pressure car base 34.
  • the lever 31-33 consists of three parts, namely, a link 31, which is pivoted to the lever 30, a bearing holder 33, which is pivoted to the pressure car base 34, and an adjusting nut 32, which connects the link 31 to the bearing holder 33.
  • the lever 35-37 is similarly designed. This lever consists also of a link 35, which is pivoted to the end of the lever 30, a bearing holder 37 for the compensating roll 23, and an adjusting nut, which connects the link 35 to the bearing holder 37.
  • the bearing holder 37 for the compensating roll 23 is slidably mounted by a sliding block 38 in a fixed, straight guide 105.
  • the tension roll 27 (FIG. 1) can be moved by the distance s toward the position shown in broken lines.
  • the tension roll serves to adjust the felt blanket tension to a fixed value in dependence on the quality of the felt which is available, and to thread the felt blanket 2 into the machine.
  • FIGS. 3 and 3a the vacuum couch roll 13-9 is shown in more detail.
  • the couch roll has a perforated peripheral surface.
  • a vacuum chamber 3 is disposed in the interior of the couch roll and extends around a portion a of the periphery of the roll and has side edges which are sealed by sealing strips 7 against the inside peripheral surface of the roll.
  • a spraypipe 9 extends inside the couch roll in the longitudinal direction thereof and serves to clean the bores 106, 107 in the peripheral surface of the couch roll.
  • the pipe 9 can be supplied with water continuously or intermittently by a means 109a which is connected to the spraypipe by a pipe 10% and value l09c and by a conduit 109, which is bored in the journal 108.
  • the fixed parts of the couch roll namely, the vacuum chamber 3 and the spraypipe 9, and are so incorporated in the machine that the spraypipe 9 is disposed in that length portion of the couch roll which is not contacted by the felt blanket 2.
  • Gutters 13' shown in FIG. 1 are provided to prevent a moistening of the felt blanket 2 by water jets which extend outwardly by the bores 106, 107 of the couch roll.
  • Gutters 13 provided inside the couch roll limit the sump formed by the water, which has been issued from the spraypipe 9,
  • the vacuum chamber 3 is drained by a bore 110, which is formed in the second journal 3 of the vacuum couch roll.
  • the shell of the vacuum couch roll is supported on the journals 108 and 3 by taper roller bearings 111 and 112.
  • the space which contains the taper roller bearings 111 and 112 is closed towards the outside by bearing covers 6.
  • the main advantages of the vacuum couch roll are the fact that the transfer of pulp from the screening cylinder is promoted by the vacuum and couch action, a simultaneous dewatering of the web and the consolidation of the web by the additional vacuum action so that even thick webs cannot fall down as they move around the vacuum couch roll. Such falling-down of the web would interfere with the production.
  • the pressure which is applied by the pressure rolls 16 to the mandrel 16 or the web thereon is transmitted to the breast roll 62, where it produces a high pressure along a line.
  • the breast roll 62 which is horizontal as shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a cover 61, e.g., of plastic material, rubber or the like (FIGS. 4 and 5).
  • the water which has been squeezed out flows off over the breast roll 62.
  • the periphery of the breast roll 62 is contacted by a doctor 68.
  • a spraypipe 63 may precede the doctor in the direction of movement ofthe breast roll 62.
  • the cover of the breast roll 62 may consist of a tubular screen of plastics material. This screen may be peripherally movable relative to the breast roll.
  • the screen of plastic material has cavities, which facilitate the removal of the water that has been squeezed out. The water can be blown out or may be discharged through the roll itself if the latter consists ofa screen roll, as is shown in FIGS. 6 to 9.
  • the inside space of the screening roll 62 can be connected to a vacuum source 62a
  • a specially designed device may be used to feed the mandrels to the breast roll.
  • FIG. 1 shows by way of example also such a feeder.
  • the mandrels are shown at A, B, C and D in the ready position, winding position, calendering position and extracting position.
  • the mandrel feeder consists of a car, which has a base 51 that is movable along rails 60 on rollers 112, which are mounted in pillow blocks 53 secured to the base.
  • the car top 56 is adapted to be lifted and lowered relative to the car base by jacks consisting each of a cylinder 55, which is secured to the car base, and a piston, which carries the car top.
  • the car top is guided in longitudinal guides 54, which consist of circular-section guides.
  • Mounting flanges 59 are secured to the end of the car base 51 and engaged by a piston rod 58, the axis of which extends parallel to the rails 60 and which is reciprocably guided in a cylinder 57.
  • the piston rod 58 is operable to move the car along the rails 60 when the cylinder 57 is supplied with a fluid under pressure and exhausted at the same time though conduits which are not shown.
  • the feeder car top 56 is lifted by the lifting cylinders 55 so that the mandrel in position of readiness A is lifted from the returning rollers 67, the asbestos cement pipe has just been completely wound in the winding position B is lifted from the breast roll, and the asbestos cement pipe which is in calendering position C is lifted from the calendering rolls.
  • the feeder car base is moved to its forward end position.
  • the car top 56 is lowered so that the empty mandrel is deposited on the breast roll 62, the asbestos cement pipe which has just been wound is deposited on the calender rolls 70, and the previously calendered asbestos cement pipe is deposited on the extracting trough or on the inclined runway 69.
  • FIG. shows a detail of an embodiment comprising two screening drums 1, each of which is disposed in a trough 100, and with two couch rolls 3-9, over which the felt blanket 2 is trained.
  • the other means are the same as those shown in FlG. 1.
  • Apparatus for making pipes from a pulp which contains fiber material and a binder comprising a pulp feeder,
  • couch-roll means for couching a pulp web from said feeder
  • a horizontal breast roll spaced from said couch-roll means a mandrel detachably supported on top of said breast roll,
  • pressure-roll means arranged to urge said mandrel against said breast roll, means to move said pressure-roll means toward and away from said mandrel,
  • an endless felt blanket for transferring said pulp from said couch-roll means to said mandrel, said felt blanket being trained over said couch-roll means and mounted on support means for transferring said pulp web from said couch-roll means to said mandrel, said felt blanket passing between said pressure-roll means and said mandrel in order that said web be wound on said mandrel in tubular form, said blanket thereafter extending back to said couch-roll means, said felt blanket being out of contact with said breast roll.
  • said support means including a compensating roll to compensate, for the variation of the tension of said felt blanket resulting from a movement of said car,
  • said compensating roll being connected to said pressure car by lever means
  • said lever means comprise a compensating lever and a connecting lever of adjustable length pivoted to one end of said compensating lever and to one of said parts consisting of said pressure car and said compensating roll, and
  • said compensating lever is pivotally mounted in a stationary bearing intermediate its length.
  • said levers means comprises a connecting lever of adjustable length pivoted to the other end of said compensating lever and to the other of said parts.
  • said support means includes a tension roll for tensioning said felt blanket and pressure-fluid-operable means controlling the tension applied to the felt blanket by said tension roll.
  • said vacuum couch roll comprising a stationary hollow shaft for discharging air and water, an outer screening shell rotatably mounted on said shaft, means defining inside said shell a vacuum chamber around part of the inside periphery of said shell, and means for applying a vacuum to said vacuum chamber.
  • apparatus as set forth in claim 14, in which said covering consists of plastic material.
  • said breast roll comprises a body and said screen surrounds said body and is peripherally movable relative thereto.
  • a mandrel-winding station comprising said pressure roll means and said breast roll
  • said mandrel-depositing station comprising means for depositing a mandrel on said car
  • said calendering station comprising mean for calendering said web on a mandrel carried by said car
  • said mandrel-extracting station comprising means for extracting a mandrel carried by said car from said web wound in tabular form on said mandrel,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US795208*A 1968-01-30 1969-01-30 Apparatus for making pipes from fiber pulp Expired - Lifetime US3619361A (en)

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AT92068A AT278618B (de) 1968-01-30 1968-01-30 Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Rohren

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US3619361A true US3619361A (en) 1971-11-09

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US795208*A Expired - Lifetime US3619361A (en) 1968-01-30 1969-01-30 Apparatus for making pipes from fiber pulp

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US (1) US3619361A (en))
AT (1) AT278618B (en))
BE (1) BE727358A (en))
CH (1) CH486297A (en))
DE (1) DE1904242A1 (en))
FR (1) FR2001004A1 (en))

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8920587B2 (en) 2011-04-20 2014-12-30 Lockheed Martin Corporation Method of making a small-diameter composite tube

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2020747A6 (es) * 1990-01-08 1991-09-16 Sinard Sa Nuevo soporte autoportante aplicable en vigas de hormigon.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2778285A (en) * 1953-09-01 1957-01-22 R C M Revisione Costruzione Ma Machine for manufacturing weldless asbestos-cement pipes
US2961729A (en) * 1957-02-01 1960-11-29 Alessandro Calzoni Spa A machine for the manufacture of pipes with a device for feeding cylindrical mandrels on which the pipes are formed
US3197361A (en) * 1963-05-28 1965-07-27 Certain Teed Prod Corp Apparatus for transferring a fibrous cement web from a forming station to a tube winding station
US3306547A (en) * 1965-04-02 1967-02-28 Keelavite Hydraulics Ltd Winding apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2778285A (en) * 1953-09-01 1957-01-22 R C M Revisione Costruzione Ma Machine for manufacturing weldless asbestos-cement pipes
US2961729A (en) * 1957-02-01 1960-11-29 Alessandro Calzoni Spa A machine for the manufacture of pipes with a device for feeding cylindrical mandrels on which the pipes are formed
US3197361A (en) * 1963-05-28 1965-07-27 Certain Teed Prod Corp Apparatus for transferring a fibrous cement web from a forming station to a tube winding station
US3306547A (en) * 1965-04-02 1967-02-28 Keelavite Hydraulics Ltd Winding apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8920587B2 (en) 2011-04-20 2014-12-30 Lockheed Martin Corporation Method of making a small-diameter composite tube

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Publication number Publication date
AT278618B (de) 1970-02-10
CH486297A (de) 1970-02-28
FR2001004A1 (en)) 1969-09-19
DE1904242A1 (de) 1969-09-04
BE727358A (en)) 1969-07-01

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