US3617794A - Halogen lamp employing a quartz envelope provided with a colored layer - Google Patents
Halogen lamp employing a quartz envelope provided with a colored layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3617794A US3617794A US781966A US3617794DA US3617794A US 3617794 A US3617794 A US 3617794A US 781966 A US781966 A US 781966A US 3617794D A US3617794D A US 3617794DA US 3617794 A US3617794 A US 3617794A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- halogen lamp
- quartz
- luster
- envelope
- quartz envelope
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010624 camphor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000411 camphor oil Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010627 cedar oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010668 rosemary oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940058206 rosemary oil Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AANMVENRNJYEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)C1CCC(=O)C=C1 AANMVENRNJYEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001795 light effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/28—Envelopes; Vessels
- H01K1/32—Envelopes; Vessels provided with coatings on the walls; Vessels or coatings thereon characterised by the material thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/44—Lustring
Definitions
- Trifari ABSTRACT A colored halogen lamp having a quartz envelope that has been coated with a layer of luster lacquer, essentially consisting of metal salts of resin acids dissolved in ethereal oils. The coating is fired up to temperatures between 500C. and 600C. V
- the invention relates to a halogen lamp employing a quartz envelope provided with acolored layer. Quartz is to be understood in this connection to include a glass having a content of silica of more than 96 percent which is obtained from a borosilicate glass from which, after phase separation, the boric acid has been removed substantially by leaching and is then sintered.
- a halogen lamp is to be understood to mean herein a lamp having a quartz envelope with a comparatively small capacity, the tungsten filament in the envelope being surrounded by an atmosphere which, in addition to a rare gas and/or nitrogen, contains a reactive transport gas, for example, iodine, bromine together with hydrogen, or chlorine together with hydrogen, as such or in the form of a compound, the temperature of the wall of the envelope during operation increasing to a value at which tungsten-halogen compounds formed in the lamp can not condense.
- a reactive transport gas for example, iodine, bromine together with hydrogen, or chlorine together with hydrogen
- the temperature of the wall of the envelope during operation of the lamp lies between approximately 500 C.
- the desired colored light can be obtained by using light filters.
- this meets with difficulties when used in combination with halogen lamps, which drawbacks are associated with the large quantity of energy which is irradiated by these lamps in the form of light and heat.
- the envelope of a halogen lamp consists of quartz provided with a fired colored luster lacquer layer.
- Such a layer is obtained by providing on the quartz envelope of a halogen lamp a layer of a luster lacquer and then firing it, preferably at a temperature which lies above the temperature which the wall of the envelope reaches during operation.
- Luster lacquers are solutions of metal salts of resin acids in ethereal oils. Upon baking, metal oxide skins in a thickness in the order of mm. are formed. They are used for decorating and adorning articles of porcelain, glass, and ceramic material. It has been found that the methods and the luster lacquers used for this purpose can excellently be used for coloring quartz envelopes of halogen lamps.
- a yellow luster lacquer may be mentioned a lacquer which contains two parts of bismuth resinate in three parts of uranium resinate, dissolved in a volatile oil, for examples camphor oil,-cedar oil or rosemary oil.
- a volatile oil for examples camphor oil,-cedar oil or rosemary oil.
- the composition of the commercially available luster lacquers is usually unknown and hard to establish.
- nace at a temperature between 550 and 700 C.
- a halogen lamp comprising a quartz envelope, an external coating on said envelope, said coating comprising a layer of fired yellow-colored luster lacquer essentially consisting of two parts of bismuth resinate and three parts of uranium resinate dissolved in volatile oil.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
A colored halogen lamp having a quartz envelope that has been coated with a layer of luster lacquer, essentially consisting of metal salts of resin acids dissolved in ethereal oils. The coating is fired up to temperatures between 500* C. and 600* C.
Description
United States Patent Inventors l-lenricus Antonius Van Bakel;
Riksterus Aguste Jahannes Marla Melier, both of Emmasingel, Eindhoven, Netherlands Appl. No. 781,966
Filed Dec. 6, 1968 Patented Nov. 2, 1971 Assignee U. S. Philips Corporation New York, N.Y.
Priority Dec. 15, 1967 Netherlands 6717090 HALOGEN LAMP EMPLOYING A QLJARTZ ENVELOPE PROVIDED WITH A COLORED LAYER Field of Search [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,066,040 1 H1962 Swanson 1 17/94 3,094,642 6/1963 Duval 313/223 3,237,043 2/1966 Schrodem. 313/223 3,263,113 7/1966 Schroder... 313/223 3,420,694 1/1969 James 117/94 Primary Examiner-Alfred L. Leavitt Assistant Examiner-Edward G. Whitby Attorney-Frank R. Trifari ABSTRACT: A colored halogen lamp having a quartz envelope that has been coated with a layer of luster lacquer, essentially consisting of metal salts of resin acids dissolved in ethereal oils. The coating is fired up to temperatures between 500C. and 600C. V
HALOGEN LAMP EMPLOYING A QUARTZ ENVELOPE PROVIDED WITH A COLORED LAYER The invention relates to a halogen lamp employing a quartz envelope provided with acolored layer. Quartz is to be understood in this connection to include a glass having a content of silica of more than 96 percent which is obtained from a borosilicate glass from which, after phase separation, the boric acid has been removed substantially by leaching and is then sintered. A halogen lamp is to be understood to mean herein a lamp having a quartz envelope with a comparatively small capacity, the tungsten filament in the envelope being surrounded by an atmosphere which, in addition to a rare gas and/or nitrogen, contains a reactive transport gas, for example, iodine, bromine together with hydrogen, or chlorine together with hydrogen, as such or in the form of a compound, the temperature of the wall of the envelope during operation increasing to a value at which tungsten-halogen compounds formed in the lamp can not condense. As a result of this the wall of the envelope of the halogen lamp remains bright until the end of the life, which life ends at the instant the filament fuses.
In practice, the temperature of the wall of the envelope during operation of the lamp lies between approximately 500 C.
and 600 C.
For certain purposes and in given circumstances, there exists a need of colored light, for example, yellow light for automohile headlights, blue for photographic purposes, red for infrared applications, orange for use in flashing lights and traffic lights.
The desired colored light can be obtained by using light filters. However, this meets with difficulties when used in combination with halogen lamps, which drawbacks are associated with the large quantity of energy which is irradiated by these lamps in the form of light and heat.
The commonly used color methods for conventional filament lamps with glass envelopes in which a dye or a pigmentation agent, whether or not in a binder, is used cannot be applied with halogen lamps because quartz has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion as compared with the coefficient of expansion of the colored layers provided according to the methods and because of the high-energy load of the wall of the envelope oxidation may occur associated with a change in color of the colored layers provided in accordance with these known methods. Moreover, those methods, with which a colored layer is provided on the inner Wall of the envelope cannot be used either in connection with the presence of the reactive transport gas.
lt is the object of the invention to overcome these difficulties.
According to the invention, the envelope of a halogen lamp consists of quartz provided with a fired colored luster lacquer layer.
Such a layer is obtained by providing on the quartz envelope of a halogen lamp a layer of a luster lacquer and then firing it, preferably at a temperature which lies above the temperature which the wall of the envelope reaches during operation.
Luster lacquers are solutions of metal salts of resin acids in ethereal oils. Upon baking, metal oxide skins in a thickness in the order of mm. are formed. They are used for decorating and adorning articles of porcelain, glass, and ceramic material. It has been found that the methods and the luster lacquers used for this purpose can excellently be used for coloring quartz envelopes of halogen lamps.
The attractiveness of luster layers on porcelain and the like consists in addition to its natural colors of the shades which are formed in the luster layers by interference of the incident light. These light effects by interference play no part in the application on halogen lamps, but the ready resistance against a continuous temperature load as it occurs in halogen lamps, the ready adhesion to quartz, and the simple manner of application do. it has furthermore been found that in these layers the low coefficient of expansion of quartz has no disadvantageous results.
It is known that during operation of lamps having an envellglpe of quartz, devitrification may occur.
is devitrification is caused by traces of oil and perspiration which are introduced on the bulb manually upon touching. During operation, components thereof difi'use into the quartz and cause devitrification therein. Packing of the lamps should therefore be carried out with great accuracy and touching with the hands should be avoided as well as in mounting said lamps in lighting fittings.
It has been found that in spite of the presence of ethereal oils in luster lacquers, devitrification upon baking the lacquers does not occur while also afterwards during operation of the lamp no devitrification of the quartz occurs. It has also been found that the thin metal oxide layer which is obtained with the luster lacquer provides a sufficient protection against devitrification by perspiration and oil. This involves a saving of packaging material and labor since in this case packaging need not be carried out with so many precautions. Hence mounting of the lamps according to the invention also becomes simpler. Luster lacquers as such are commercially available.
As an example of a yellow luster lacquer may be mentioned a lacquer which contains two parts of bismuth resinate in three parts of uranium resinate, dissolved in a volatile oil, for examples camphor oil,-cedar oil or rosemary oil. The composition of the commercially available luster lacquers is usually unknown and hard to establish.
in order that the invention may be readily carried into effect, a few examples thereof will now be described in qreater detail.
EXAMPLE 1.
Manufacture of a yellow lamp The quartz envelope of a 6 volts, 55 watt lamp (car lamp) capacity approximately 0.25 ccm. which comprises a filament of tungsten and an atmosphere consisting of crypton to a pressure of 5 atmosphere and CH Br to a pressure of 7 mm. is coated, after the lamp was completed, with the aforesaid yellow luster lacquer by means of a brush.
After providing the lacquer layer it is dried in air for 30 minutes. The lacquer layer is then fired for l0 minutes in a fur.-
nace at a temperature between 550 and 700 C.
What is claimed is:
l. A halogen lamp comprising a quartz envelope, an external coating on said envelope, said coating comprising a layer of fired yellow-colored luster lacquer essentially consisting of two parts of bismuth resinate and three parts of uranium resinate dissolved in volatile oil.
2. A halogen lamp as claimed in claim 1 wherein said volatile oil comprises camphor oil.
3. A halogen lamp as claimed in claim 1 wherein said volatile oil comprises cedar oil.
4. A halogen lamp as claimed in claim 1 wherein said volatile oil comprises rosemary oil.
Claims (3)
- 2. A halogen lamp as claimed in claim 1 wherein said volatile oil comprises camphor oil.
- 3. A halogen lamp as claimed in claim 1 wherein said volatile oil comprises cedar oil.
- 4. A halogen lamp as claimed in claim 1 wherein said volatile oil comprises rosemary oil.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL6717090A NL6717090A (en) | 1967-12-15 | 1967-12-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3617794A true US3617794A (en) | 1971-11-02 |
Family
ID=19801997
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US781966A Expired - Lifetime US3617794A (en) | 1967-12-15 | 1968-12-06 | Halogen lamp employing a quartz envelope provided with a colored layer |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3617794A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT284957B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE725484A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH483723A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1810656A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES361383A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1599229A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1193400A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6717090A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3847583A (en) * | 1969-08-13 | 1974-11-12 | Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen | Process for the manufacture of multi-component substances |
| EP0037981A1 (en) * | 1980-04-16 | 1981-10-21 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Mercury vapour high-pressure lamp with an external tube |
| US4869927A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1989-09-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Light diffusive coating, a method of forming the coating and a lamp having the coating |
| US5252887A (en) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-10-12 | General Electric Company | Environmentally safe pink lamp |
| US5940014A (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1999-08-17 | Hartt; Joseph R. | Vehicular approach guidance method and system |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3066040A (en) * | 1959-01-26 | 1962-11-27 | Duro Test Corp | Method of producing crystal pattern and the product |
| US3094642A (en) * | 1960-06-17 | 1963-06-18 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Coated lamp |
| US3237043A (en) * | 1961-07-26 | 1966-02-22 | Philips Corp | Gas-filled electric incandescent lamp |
| US3263113A (en) * | 1961-07-26 | 1966-07-26 | Philips Corp | Tungsten filament lamp comprising hexafluoride gas at partial pressure not exceeding 10 torrs |
| US3420694A (en) * | 1966-02-01 | 1969-01-07 | Gen Electric | Plural coated transparent colored lamp and method of forming same |
-
1967
- 1967-12-15 NL NL6717090A patent/NL6717090A/xx unknown
-
1968
- 1968-11-23 DE DE19681810656 patent/DE1810656A1/en active Pending
- 1968-12-06 US US781966A patent/US3617794A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-12-12 FR FR1599229D patent/FR1599229A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-12-12 CH CH1854668A patent/CH483723A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-12-12 AT AT1209868A patent/AT284957B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-12-12 GB GB59092/68A patent/GB1193400A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-12-13 ES ES361383A patent/ES361383A1/en not_active Expired
- 1968-12-13 BE BE725484D patent/BE725484A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3066040A (en) * | 1959-01-26 | 1962-11-27 | Duro Test Corp | Method of producing crystal pattern and the product |
| US3094642A (en) * | 1960-06-17 | 1963-06-18 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Coated lamp |
| US3237043A (en) * | 1961-07-26 | 1966-02-22 | Philips Corp | Gas-filled electric incandescent lamp |
| US3263113A (en) * | 1961-07-26 | 1966-07-26 | Philips Corp | Tungsten filament lamp comprising hexafluoride gas at partial pressure not exceeding 10 torrs |
| US3420694A (en) * | 1966-02-01 | 1969-01-07 | Gen Electric | Plural coated transparent colored lamp and method of forming same |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3847583A (en) * | 1969-08-13 | 1974-11-12 | Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen | Process for the manufacture of multi-component substances |
| EP0037981A1 (en) * | 1980-04-16 | 1981-10-21 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Mercury vapour high-pressure lamp with an external tube |
| US4393331A (en) * | 1980-04-16 | 1983-07-12 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh | High pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp with outer bulb |
| US4869927A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1989-09-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Light diffusive coating, a method of forming the coating and a lamp having the coating |
| US5252887A (en) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-10-12 | General Electric Company | Environmentally safe pink lamp |
| US5940014A (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1999-08-17 | Hartt; Joseph R. | Vehicular approach guidance method and system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1193400A (en) | 1970-05-28 |
| BE725484A (en) | 1969-06-13 |
| CH483723A (en) | 1969-12-31 |
| FR1599229A (en) | 1970-07-15 |
| ES361383A1 (en) | 1970-09-16 |
| DE1810656A1 (en) | 1969-08-28 |
| NL6717090A (en) | 1969-06-17 |
| AT284957B (en) | 1970-10-12 |
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