US3615044A - Device for reducing the cross-sectional area of a stream of material - Google Patents

Device for reducing the cross-sectional area of a stream of material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3615044A
US3615044A US798632A US3615044DA US3615044A US 3615044 A US3615044 A US 3615044A US 798632 A US798632 A US 798632A US 3615044D A US3615044D A US 3615044DA US 3615044 A US3615044 A US 3615044A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sectional area
cross
stream
distributor
passageway
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Expired - Lifetime
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US798632A
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English (en)
Inventor
Francis Bonneric
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Nationale dExploitation Industrielle des Tabacs et Allumettes SAS
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Societe Nationale dExploitation Industrielle des Tabacs et Allumettes SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR139917A external-priority patent/FR94187E/fr
Application filed by Societe Nationale dExploitation Industrielle des Tabacs et Allumettes SAS filed Critical Societe Nationale dExploitation Industrielle des Tabacs et Allumettes SAS
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Publication of US3615044A publication Critical patent/US3615044A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/39—Tobacco feeding devices

Definitions

  • These devices are usually constituted by at least one and preferably two rotary units having axes located on each side of the passageway and substantially at right angles to the direction of the flow and can consist, for example, of two brushes such as vane-type paddle wheels which rotate in opposite directions and at the same velocity.
  • the dimensions of the sets of paddle wheels were such that the entire cross-sectional area of the duct was swept.
  • This arrangement is in fact convenient for assisting the process of drawing-out the material by producing an acceleration in the flow between the upstream end and the downstream end (in order to prevent compression of the material, the speed is in fact increased in a radio which is at least equal to the reduction in crosssectional area).
  • the arrangement referred to has the disadvantage of introducing causes of irregularity in the flow as a result of the successive narrowed portions and enlarged portions of the cross-sectional area afforded for the flow of material at the level of the paddle wheel axes.
  • an increase in the acceleration pairs and a judicious choice of the ratios of rotational velocities thereof make it possible to attenuate the amplitude of the variations while increasing the frequency thereof, it has been found that even better results from this point of view could be obtained by forming at least in the majority of the pairs a free space outside the zone which is swept by the vanes of the paddle wheels considered, said space being correspondingly larger as the diameter of the paddle wheels is greater.
  • the successive pairs of paddle wheels can even be brought together until the end trajectories of their components are made secant. It is apparent that, by reason of their different peripheral velocities, the paddle components will be in the form either of combs with i11- terengaged teeth or of studs.
  • the upstream portion of the distributor secant studded wheels having a low rotational velocity and ensuring drawing-out of the material without either compression of degradation, the wheels of one stage being intended to strip the upper stage and being stripped by the following stage whilst the last stage of this upstream section can in turn be stripped by means of comb-shaped scrapers.
  • the paddel wheels are all of the vane type, it can be an advantage to fabricate the side walls from a deformable material having a fairly high degree of flexibility in order to remain applied against the ends of the rotary components during at least a part of the inactive trajectory of these latter.
  • the material chosen can have a low coefiicient of friction with respect to the material employed for the paddle vanes.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view in diametrical section showing a paddle wheel distributor of a type similar to that which is described in US. Pat. 3,450,311;
  • FIG. 2 is a view which is similar to the view of FIG. 1 but in Which the paddles of the wheels which are located on the same side of the central flow path have substantially tangent end trajectories;
  • FIG. 3 is a view which is similar to the view of FIG. 2 but in which the casing has converging walls;
  • FIG. 4 is a detail sectional view taken along line IV IV of FIG. 3, and
  • FIG. 5 is a view in diametrical section showing a distributor in which the casing has flat parallel walls and comprises secant studded paddle wheels.
  • the apparatus is enclosed within a casing 101 having a shape which is similar to that of the apparatus described in the US. Pat. 3,450,311 although the reductions in cross-sectional area mainly concern only one of the transverse dimensions in the embodiment now under consideration.
  • a space is reserved between the points reached by the paddles of the wheels of a same pair such as 102, 103, 104 in the rotational motion of these latter in the direction of the curved arrows. Only the paddles of the pair 105 generate two tangent volumes of revolution and can thus serve as obturators in the inoperative condition.
  • the paddles By reason of the high speed of rotation of said paddles, they accordingly exert a constraining action on the material during normal operation and cause the material to penetrate into the discharge duct of the device even if said duct is relatively narrow.
  • the space reserved between the upper pairs of paddle wheels permits the flow of a central stream of material which has a decreasing cross-sectional area inasmuch as said space becomes smaller from the upstream end to the downstream end.
  • the velocity of said stream increases since the speed of rotation of the successive pairs increases at a higher rate than the reduction in total cross-sectional area.
  • the apparatus which is illustrated in FIG. 2 differs from the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the fact that the paddles of the wheels which are located on the same side of the central stream have practically tangent end trajectories. These trajectories are partially surrounded by the bosses of the general casing 200 of the apparatus.
  • the paddle wheels 201 and 201' of the uppermost stage rotate in the direction of the arrows at the speed v while leaving a free space therebetwcen which is a predetermined fraction of the diameter of the circle generated by the rotational motion of the paddles.
  • the paddle wheels 202 and 202' rotate at the speed v
  • the paddle wheels 203 and 203' rotate at the speed v
  • the paddle wheels 204 and 204 rotate at the speed v while leaving between each pair spaces which decrease in the same ratio as the diameter of the circles generated by the paddles decrease from the upstream end to the downstream end.
  • the corresponding diameters of the lowermost paddle wheels 205 and 205 which rotate at the speed v are even smaller but the volumes of revolution which surround the rotational path of the paddle tips are tangent.
  • v to v increase in this order; for example, if v is chosen as a basic speed, v can be equal to 1.7v v can be equal to 3.1v v can be equal to 7.9v and v can be equal to 5111
  • regulating intervals are suppressed by choosing numbers 4 which are incommensurable with each other in order to prevent any possible interference in the action of the paddle on the stream of material.
  • the distributor comprises a moving system consisting of paddle wheels which have the same characteristics as those of the example of FIG. 2.
  • the distributor comprises a moving system consisting of paddle wheels which have the same characteristics as those of the example of FIG. 2.
  • Only the axes of the paddle wheels of the lowermost stage 407 and 407' are located slightly inside the dihedron which is formed by the two planes last mentioned.
  • the walls 400 and 400' are preferably formed of semi-rigid polyamide which offers a degree of elasticity so as to provide for the possible event of a small quantity of tangled material being passed between the paddles of a high-speed wheel (lower stages) and a closely adjacent wall element.
  • the paddle Wheels of two adjacent stages 402 and 403 can have secant trajectories even when rotating at velocities which are independent of each other.
  • a distributor of this type which is employed for out tobacco makes it possible to deliver a uniform outflow of constant density at a rate which can readily be controlled.
  • the distributor comprises three stages with studded wheels having a low speed of rotation as designated by the references 501, 501'-502, 502' and 503, 503', the paddle wheels of one stage being secant with respect to the corresponding, paddle wheels of the lower stage, two stages comprising paddle wheels with tangent paddles and having a high speed of rotation as designated by the references 504, 504' and 505, 505' and scrapers having comb-like teeth 506, 506.
  • the studded wheels of one stage strip the uppermost stage and are in turn stripped by the lower stage whilst the lowermost stage 503, 503' is in turn stripped by the comb teeth 506, 506'.
  • drawing-out of the tobacco is carried out without compression and Without degradation.
  • drawing-out the tobacco is carried out by means of paddle-type wheels 504, 504', 505, 505 in which the tobacco is drawn-out by means of compression surfaces having a very small separation interval.
  • a distributor for processing a solid material in the divided state such as tobacco in the form of flakes or shreds said distributor being disposed to deliver continuously a uniform out flow of predetermined cross-sectional size, said out fiow starting from a non-homogeneous input stream, said distributor comprising a passageway having a non-uniform cross-sectional area, said passageway having an upstream and a downstream portion, said area decreasing from said upstream portion to said downstream portion, a plurality of pairs of rotary units located respectively on each side of said passageway, said pairs of units disposed for increasing the velocity of said stream of material in proportion to said decrease of said cross-sectional area of said passageway between the upstream side and the downstream side of said pairs of units, and at least two pairs of said units providing therebetween a free cross-sectional area of flow, said area having a size such as not to be reached by the rotating components of said units and said area of flow disposed to decrease in the downstream direction in direct proportion to the decrease of the outside diameter of said rotary units.
  • a distributor according to claim 1 and said decrease of said free cross-sectional area of flow having at least over the major part of said distributor a lower rate than the rate of said increase of said velocity of said pairs of said rotary units.
  • a distributor according to claim 1 and at least one pair of studded paddle wheels disposed in said upstream portion on each side of said passageway.
  • a distributor for processing a solid material in the divided state such as tobacco in the form of flakes or shreds said distributor being disposed to deliver continuously a uniform outflow of predetermined cross-sectional size, said outflow starting from a non-homogeneous input stream, said distributor comprising a passageway having a non-uniform cross-sectional area, said passageway having an upstream and a downstream portion, a plurality of pairs of rotary units located respectively on each side of said passageway, said pairs of rotary units disposed for increasing the velocity of said stream of material in proportion to said decrease of said cross-sectional area of said passageway between the upstream side and the downstream side of said pairs of units, at least two pairs of said units providing therebetween a free cross-sectional area of flow, said area having a size such as not to be reached by the rotating components of said units, said area of flow disposed to decrease in the downstream direction in a direct proportion to the decrease of the outside diameter of said rotary units, and at least two pairs of studded paddle wheels in said upstream portion,
  • a distributor according to claim 4 said distributor comprising scraper elements mounted in such a manner as to strip the last stage of said upstream portion.
  • a distributor for processing a solid material in the divided state such as tobacco in the form of flakes or shreds said distributor being disposed to deliver continuously a uniform outflow of predetermined cross-sectional size, said outflow starting from a non-homogeneous input stream, said distributor comprising a passageway having a non-uniform cross-sectional area, said passageway having an upstream and a downstream portion, a plurality of pairs of rotary units located respectively on each side of said passageway, said pairs of rotary units disposed for increasing the velocity of said stream of material in proportion to said decrease of said cross-sectional area of said passageway between the upstream side and the downstream side of said pairs of units, at least two pairs of said units providing therebetween a free cross-sectional area of flow, said area having a size such as not to be reached by the rotating components of said units, said area of flow disposed to decrease in the downstream direction in a direct proportion to the decrease of the outside-diameter of said rotary units, at least one pair of studded paddle wheels in said up

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  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
US798632A 1968-02-15 1969-02-12 Device for reducing the cross-sectional area of a stream of material Expired - Lifetime US3615044A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR139917A FR94187E (fr) 1966-03-14 1968-02-15 Dispositif pour réduire la section droite d'un flux.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3615044A true US3615044A (en) 1971-10-26

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US798632A Expired - Lifetime US3615044A (en) 1968-02-15 1969-02-12 Device for reducing the cross-sectional area of a stream of material

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3615044A (de)
BE (1) BE728240A (de)
CS (1) CS158635B2 (de)
GB (1) GB1266411A (de)
NL (1) NL6902330A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4167237A (en) * 1976-11-27 1979-09-11 Torahiko Hayashi Pressure feeder including pusher assemblies
US4530383A (en) * 1981-12-31 1985-07-23 Lannen Tehtaat Oy Apparatus for feeding the growing substrate into the cells in a set of growing cells
US4767029A (en) * 1986-07-10 1988-08-30 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Feeder assembly for highly viscous particulate material

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2087706B (en) * 1980-10-23 1985-02-13 Rothmans Of Pall Mall Tobacco feed device
ZA822535B (en) * 1981-04-16 1983-02-23 Molins Plc Cigarette manufacture

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4167237A (en) * 1976-11-27 1979-09-11 Torahiko Hayashi Pressure feeder including pusher assemblies
US4530383A (en) * 1981-12-31 1985-07-23 Lannen Tehtaat Oy Apparatus for feeding the growing substrate into the cells in a set of growing cells
US4767029A (en) * 1986-07-10 1988-08-30 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Feeder assembly for highly viscous particulate material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1907627B2 (de) 1976-04-01
BE728240A (de) 1969-07-16
NL6902330A (de) 1969-08-19
DE1907627A1 (de) 1969-09-18
GB1266411A (de) 1972-03-08
CS158635B2 (de) 1974-11-25

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