Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
  • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
  • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
  • A24B15/12—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco

Definitions

• a process for manufacturing a reconstituted tobacco composition wherein a foamed slurry is created from tobacco, a foaming agent or adhesive and ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose having an ethoxyl D8. of 1.2 to 1.6 and a hydroxyethyl MS. of 0.5 to 1.2.
• the foamed slurry is shaped while maintaining the temperature thereof below the gelatin temperature of the ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose and dried to form a shaped sheet or rod of predetermined moisture content.
• the foaming agent employed may be a synthetic or natural gum or water dispersible protein.
• This invention relates to improved smoking products made from foamed tobacco slurries. More particularly this invention relates to the use of a particular grade of ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose as a foam-stabilizing agent in foamed reconstituted tobacco compositions and to the novel and beneficial properties that result therefrom.
• the Moshy and Germino inventions involve processes for combining a foaming agent, a foam-stabilizng agent and tobacco, at least one element of said mixture being adhesive, creating a tobacco foam slurry from said mixture, forming said slurry into a predetermined-shape and drying said shaped slurry to a preselected moisture content to produce a stable foamed product in which tobacco particles are spaced from each other by agaseous media.
• the work done on this slurry can cause some degree of foam breaking and collapse.
• further foam disruption and collapse can occur.
• this invention contemplates manufacture of foamed reconstituted tobacco compositions in the shape of sheet, rods, cylinders, plugs, shreds and the range of forms associated with the production of hundreds of different shapes of cigars. 1n the case of foamed reconstituted tobacco sheet, this sheet may be made at the thickness of the ultimate smoking article, and the agent in a reconstituted tobacco slurry of the type described by Moshy and Germino at a level of at least 0.3 percent, the superior stability of the foamed tobacco slurry during the manufacturing operations results, as described above.
• D.S. is the average number of hydroxyl groups substituted in the cellulose per anhydroglucose unit.
• M.S. is the average number of moles of reactant combined with the cellulose per anhydroglucose unit.
• the alkyl, carboxyalkyl, or acyl derivatives of cellulose the D.S. and M.S. are the same.
• the M.S. is generally greater than the D.S. The reason for this is that each time a hydroxyalkyl group is introduced into the cellulose molecule, an additional hydroxyl group is formed with itself is capable of hydroxyalklation.
• the M.S./D.S. ratio represents the average length of these side chains.
• the two most widely used methods for determining M.S. are the Zeisel-Morgan method and the terminal methyl method.
• the Zeisel-Morgan method is reported beginning at page 500, vol. 18, 1946, of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Analytical Edition.
• the terminal methyl method is reported by Lemieux and Purves beginning at page 485, vol. 258, 1947, of Canadian Journal of Research". Some are of the opinion that perhaps the latter method is more accurate.
• all those skilled in the art realize that it is quite difficult to obtain a high degree of accuracy in determining M.S. at high M.S. levels, and that the accuracy of neither of these methods is as high as desired.
• the Rosenberg and Schmidt EHEC will gel or precipitate from aqueous solution when the temperature is raised to 55 70 0, depending on the exact substitution; the EHEC of the present invention will gel or precipitate from aqueous solution when the temperature is raised to about 3238 C.
• the Rosenberg and Schmidt EHEC is insoluble in methanol or ethanol or percent isopropanol; the EHEC of the present invention is completely soluble in these solvents. in spite of the fact that both materials are ethylhydroxyethyl celluloses, the difference in substitution between the two grades have resulted in physical and chemical properties for the two grades of gum that are as different from each other as one would expect from adhesives of entirely different classes.
• the properties contributed to foam stabilization by the incorporation of the EHEC of the present invention are also radically different from those which are obtained using other carbohydrate, protein or synthetic gums at similar levels in the formulation, or even at substantially higher levels. Furthermore, the foam stabilization properties are radially different from those which are obtained with any other cellulose ether and even from other grades of ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose with different levels of substitution.
• Moshy and Germino employed, as foaming agents, adhesives such a animal gums, such as glycogen, plant gums and derivatives, such as cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, startches, starch ethers, starch esters, amylose, amylopectin and their ester and ether derivatives, locust bean gum, guar gum, gum arabic and related seed gums and plant exudate gums, marine plant gums, such as algins, carrageenans, laminarins and agar, and microbial gums such as the dextrans, phosphomannans such as USDA B-1459 and 8-1428, and the gluconic acid microbial-containing gums such as the USDA Y-1409 gums, and water-dispersible protein classes such as animal proteins such as hydrolyzed keratins, egg albumin, and vegetable proteins such as gluten and synthetic gums such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene and polyacrylamide.
• animal gums such as glycogen, plant gums
• foam-stabilizng agents of the Moshy patents were ionic and nonionic surfactants consisting of the salts of the sulfate esters of the alkylphenoxypolyoxyethylene ethanol, the salts of sulfate compounds of the type N-methyl- N-oleoyl taurine, sorbitan esters such a sorbitan monostearate (Span 60 or the monooleate (Span 80 ethylene oxide-sorbitol condensation products, and lecithin and lecithin derivitives.
• sorbitan monostearate Span 60 or the monooleate (Span 80 ethylene oxide-sorbitol condensation products
• lecithin and lecithin derivitives Such materials in addition to that fact that they do not provide the desired degree of foam stability for optimum process control, also contribute off-aromas on combustion, even when used at low levels.
• the foam stabilization characteristic associated with the use of the particular EHEC of this invention is due to the degree of substitution of the ethoxyl and hydroxyethyl substituents, with no significant effect of the viscoity of the gum on this property. Differences in product strength are also not obtained when different molecular weights or viscosities of this EHEC are employed, since at the low usage concentrations involved in tobacco foam stabilization, the EHEC does not function as an adhesive to any measurable extent.
• any of the processing modifications employed in the four Moshy and Germino patents may be employed, with ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose with an ethoxyl D5. of 1.2 to 1.6 and a hydroxyethyl molar substitution of 0.5 to 1.2 being used at a concentration of 0.3 to 2.5 percent of the composition (Dry basis) in place of the foam stabilizing agents employed by Moshy and Germino.
• the stabilized tobacco foam may be prepared by: (a) foaming the foaming agent, then adding tobacco and the foam-stabilizing agent (the EHEC of this invention); (b) foaming the foam stabilizing agent (the EHEC of this invention), then adding tobacco and the foaming agent; (c) foaming a foaming agent, foam stabilizing agent (the EHEC of this invention) mixture, then adding tobacco; (d) foaming a mixture of foaming agent, foam-stabilizing agent (the EHEC of this invention) and tobacco; (e) foaming a mixture of foaming agent and tobacco, then adding foam-stabilizing'agent (the EHEC of this invention); (f) foaming a mixture of foam-stabilizing agent (the EHEC of this invention) and tobacco, then adding foaming agent.
• Optional additives in the formulations of this invention include humectants or plasticizers, ash whiteners, fungicides, fibers for reinforcement and cross-linking or insolubilizing agents for resistance to water. Use of such additives, of course, depends on the particular properties required in the final smoking article.
• a tobacco slurry is prepared by adding, with mild agitation, 0.2 parts (dry basis) of a 3.0 percent dispersion of refined sulfite pulp to one part (dry basis) of a 2 percent aqueous dispersion of methylcellulose with a viscosity of 15,000 c.p.s.
• the pulp dispersion and the methylcellulose dispersion are each at about 5 C. before mixing, and 10 C. or less after the mild agitation.
• To this mixture is added, with mild agitation, 0.03 parts (dry basis) of a 2 percent solution of ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose with an ethoxyl D.S. of 1.2 a hydroxyethyl M.S.
• a 20 percent aqueous dispersion of minus mesh Bright tobacco leaf is added, and the completed slurry is mixed for 15 minutes, to produce a uniform dispersion at a temperature of 16 C.
• the tobacco slurry is foamed to a density of 0.55 grams/co, using Hobart mixer with a wire whip, and
• the resultant foamed slurry is cast on a moving stainless steel belt at a thickness such that the tobacco slurry film after drying, will weigh 6 grams per square foot.
• the foamed tobacco sheet product is 24 mils thick, as compared to a conventional nonfoamed product of the same formulation which would be only 6 -7 mils thick at 6 grams per square foot It may be shredded and used as a cigarette filler.
• EXAMPLE 2 A 6 percent solids dispersion of refined burley stem pulp is prepared to a Schopper-Riegler freeness of minus 300 cc. using the stem pulp preparative procedure described by Light and Osborne in US. Pat. Ser. No. 661,762. To 6 parts (dry basis) of this tobacco stem pulp is added, with agitation, 4 parts (dry basis) of a percent dispersion of minus 120 mesh Wisconsin leaf dust and 0.25 parts of a 2 percent aqueous dispersion of ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose with an ethoxyl D8. of 1.6, a hydroxyethyl MS. of 1.2 and a viscosity of 300 c.p.s.
• the resultant tobacco slurry is foamed to a density of 0.60 grams per cc. and may be cast and dried in sheet form as in Example 1, or extruded or molded to product, after drying, a porous self-supporting rod or other core shapes suitable for wrapping as a cigar.
• a smokable product comprising creating a foamed slurry from a foaming agent or adhesive, tobacco particles, water and 0.3 percent to 2.5 percent, by weight of the nonsolvent ingredients, of ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose with an ethoxyl D8. of 1.2 to 1.6 and a hydroxyethyl M .S. of 0.5 to 1.2, shaping said foamed slurry while maintaining the temperature thereof below the gelation temperature of 20 of ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose with an ethoxyl D8. of 1.2 to 1.6 and a hydroxyethyl M.S.
• the nonsolvent ingredients selected from natural or synthetic hydrophylic gums in which the natural gums are selected from carbohydrate classes including the animal gums such as glycogen, plant gums and their derivatives, such as cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, starches, starch ethers, starch esters, amylose, arnylopectin and their ester and ether derivatives, locust bean gum, guar gum, gum arabic and related seed gums and plant exudate gums, marine plant gums, such as algins, carrageenans laminarins and agar, and microbial gums such as the dextrans, phosphomannans such as the USDA 8-1459 and 13-1428, and the gluconic acid microbial containing gums such as the USDA Y-l409 gums, and protein classes including water dispersible proteins such as animal proteins such as hydrolyzed keratins, egg albumin, and

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=25293260

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (15)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (1)

• 1969
  • 1969-07-24 US US844631A patent/US3613693A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1970
  • 1970-06-11 CA CA085302A patent/CA932232A/en not_active Expired
  • 1970-06-12 GB GB1296908D patent/GB1296908A/en not_active Expired
  • 1970-06-30 DE DE2032377A patent/DE2032377C3/de not_active Expired
  • 1970-07-10 FR FR707025743A patent/FR2053114B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1970-07-16 JP JP45061841A patent/JPS498875B1/ja active Pending
  • 1970-07-16 NL NLAANVRAGE7010565,A patent/NL174800C/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1970-07-23 LU LU61399D patent/LU61399A1/xx unknown
  • 1970-07-23 CH CH1118070A patent/CH519864A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1970-07-24 BE BE753866D patent/BE753866A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (1)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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