US3612933A - Method and apparatus for stabilizing an arc - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for stabilizing an arc Download PDF

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Publication number
US3612933A
US3612933A US878775A US3612933DA US3612933A US 3612933 A US3612933 A US 3612933A US 878775 A US878775 A US 878775A US 3612933D A US3612933D A US 3612933DA US 3612933 A US3612933 A US 3612933A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
arc
cathode
hollow cathode
zone
inside surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US878775A
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English (en)
Inventor
Harden Henry Troue
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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Assigned to MORGAN GUARANTY TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, AND MORGAN BANK ( DELAWARE ) AS COLLATERAL ( AGENTS ) SEE RECORD FOR THE REMAINING ASSIGNEES. reassignment MORGAN GUARANTY TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, AND MORGAN BANK ( DELAWARE ) AS COLLATERAL ( AGENTS ) SEE RECORD FOR THE REMAINING ASSIGNEES. MORTGAGE (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STP CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.,, UNION CARBIDE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS CO., INC., A CORP. OF PA.,, UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, A CORP.,, UNION CARBIDE EUROPE S.A., A SWISS CORP.
Assigned to UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, reassignment UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MORGAN BANK (DELAWARE) AS COLLATERAL AGENT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B31/00—Electric arc lamps
    • H05B31/0018—Electric arc lamps in a closed vessel
    • H05B31/0021—Construction, in particular closure, of the vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for stabilizing an are established in an arc device having two axially spaced electrodes, at least one being a hollow electrode wherein a cooling fluid is passed along the outside surface of the hollow electrode at varying speeds to create a hot surface on wow PATENTEUum 12 I971 v INVENTOR DEN H TROUE ATTORNEY METHOD ANB APPARATUS FOR STABIILIZING AN ARC
  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for stabilizing an are. More particularly, this invention relates to such a method and apparatus wherein an arc is struck between two axially spaced electrodes at least one of said electrodes being a hollow cooled electrode with the space therebetween being surrounded by a chamber.
  • Apparatus for producing an are having two axially spaced electrodes, either one or both electrodes being hollow with a surrounding arc chamber have been known for some time. Devices of this type are shown for example in US. Pat. No. 3,364,387. These devices are used for example as gas heaters and as a source of radiation.
  • the swirling gas usually argon or some other insert gas such as krypton and xenon, tends to drive the arc termination point deeply into the hollow cathode.
  • the arc tends to wander back out of the hollow cathode and is driven back by the swirling gas setting up an oscillatory movement of the arc which in turn causes the problem of arc instability.
  • Another object is to provide a method for cooling a hollow cathode in an are producing device whereby a very hot arc termination zone is created in said hollow cathode.
  • Another object is to provide an arc apparatus for producing extremely stable arcs.
  • l is a view partially in cross section of the device incorporating the invention.
  • MG. 2 is an enlarged view of the hollow cathode shown in liG. ll cooled according to the method of the invention.
  • a typical arc radiation device is shown at T.
  • These devices generally have two electrodes, 1 and 3, one of which is a ho]- low cathode electrode.
  • electrode 3 is connected so that it is the cathode.
  • a quartz envelope E Surrounding the space between the electrodes 1 and 3 is a quartz envelope E which consists of an inner quartz tube 11 and an outer quartz tube iii.
  • cooling fluid such as water, enters through inlet 8, is passed between the tubes it) and 11 and leaves through outlet lid. It should be understood that other cooling fluids may be used in place of water.
  • Arc gas is introduced into the space between the electrodes 1 and 3 through inlet 7, passes through passage 9, (see H6.
  • the electrode 3 consists of a body 17 usually made from copper having an insert material l9, usually tungsten or thoriated tungsten on its inside surface near the mouth of said body 17.
  • a cooling jacket 21 Surrounding the body 17 is a cooling jacket 21.
  • a cooling liquid divider 23 Positioned in the cooling jacket 21 is a cooling liquid divider 23, having a tapered section 22.
  • the taper section extends from the end of the divider 23 nearest the mouth of the body 17 rearwardly to the back section of the electrode body 17.
  • the tapered section 22, in conjunction with the outside surface 24 of electrode body 17 forms a passage 25 of varying cross section.
  • the area of largest cross section is at the mouth end of electrode with the cross-sectional area gradually decreasing toward the rear of the electrode body 17.
  • Cooling fluid such as water enters the device through inlet 26, passes into water jacket 21 and flows around divider 23. Since the largest area of the cooling passage 25 is at the mouth end of the electrode body 17, the water will have a lower velocity than it will have at the smaller area of the cooling passage 25. Thus, the cooling effect will be less at the mouth end of the electrode body l7 causing this section to be at a higher temperature than any other zone on the inside surface of the electrode 3, thereby creating an arc termination zone from which the arc will not wander.
  • variable cooling fluid velocity divider establishes a well defined short axial region along the inside surface of the hollow electrode which operates constantly at a temperature conducive to electron emission. This stabilization of the location of the cathode termination produces stable current, voltage, power and brightness. Thus, the minimum power is much closer to the average power level of the arc and in application requiring short exposure to the radiant energy source, the utility of the arc device is significantly increased. If the are power fluctuated, as was the case with a conventional constant velocity-type water divider, only the minimum power could be used and not the average power because of the danger of under exposing some sections of the workpiece.
  • a method for stabilizing an arc in an arc device having a pair of axially spaced electrodes at least one of which is a hollow liquid cooled cathode having an insert material on its inside surface positioned in a chamber of greater diameter than and surrounding the space between said electrodes, said method comprising passing cooling liquid along the outside surface of said hollow cathode and varying the velocity of said cooling liquid as it passes along the outside wall of said hollow cathode to create a zone on the insert material on said inside surface of said hollow cathode which is at a substantially higher temperature than any other zone on said inside surface, thereby creating an arc termination zone from which the arc will not wander.
  • a method for stabilizing an arc in an arc device having a pair of axially spaced electrodes at least one of which is a hollow liquid cooled cathode having an insert material on its inside surface positioned in a chamber of greater diameter than and surrounding the space between said electrodes and means for introducing gas to create swirl flow in said chamber; wherein said swirling gas flow tends to drive the arc termination point deeply into said hollow cathode; said method comprising passing cooling liquid along the outside surface of said hollow cathode and increasing the velocity of said cooling liquid as it passes along said outside surface from one end to the other to create a zone on the insert material at one end of the inside surface of said hollow cathode which is at a substantially higher temperature than any other zone in said inside surface, thereby creating an arc termination zone from which the arc will not wander.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
US878775A 1969-11-21 1969-11-21 Method and apparatus for stabilizing an arc Expired - Lifetime US3612933A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US87877569A 1969-11-21 1969-11-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3612933A true US3612933A (en) 1971-10-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US878775A Expired - Lifetime US3612933A (en) 1969-11-21 1969-11-21 Method and apparatus for stabilizing an arc

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US3612933A (fr)
JP (1) JPS4916467B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT314686B (fr)
BE (1) BE759245A (fr)
BR (1) BR7024021D0 (fr)
CA (1) CA921550A (fr)
DE (1) DE2057125A1 (fr)
ES (2) ES385741A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2069814A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1334379A (fr)
NL (1) NL7017046A (fr)
NO (1) NO129825B (fr)
SE (1) SE376531B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA707847B (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3995187A (en) * 1971-09-07 1976-11-30 Telic Corporation Electrode type glow discharge apparatus
WO2001054166A1 (fr) * 2000-01-21 2001-07-26 Vortek Industries Ltd. Appareil et procede de rayonnement electromagnetique a intensite elevee
US20050179354A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2005-08-18 Camm David M. High-intensity electromagnetic radiation apparatus and methods
DE102010040759A1 (de) * 2010-09-14 2012-03-15 Von Ardenne Anlagentechnik Gmbh Kühlsystem für Targets von Sputterquellen

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54142683U (fr) * 1978-03-24 1979-10-03
CN113932602B (zh) * 2021-09-02 2023-10-31 山东晶盾新材料科技有限公司 一种用于快速热压烧结的自动化连续生产装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3280360A (en) * 1963-02-28 1966-10-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp High intensity radiation source
US3292028A (en) * 1962-06-20 1966-12-13 Giannini Scient Corp Gas vortex-stabilized light source
US3360682A (en) * 1965-10-15 1967-12-26 Giannini Scient Corp Apparatus and method for generating high-enthalpy plasma under high-pressure conditions
US3378713A (en) * 1965-06-08 1968-04-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp High-intensity radiation source comprising rotating arc
US3418524A (en) * 1965-11-29 1968-12-24 Giannini Scient Corp Apparatus and method for generating high-intensity light
US3480829A (en) * 1965-03-08 1969-11-25 Geotel Inc Electric arc light source and method

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3292028A (en) * 1962-06-20 1966-12-13 Giannini Scient Corp Gas vortex-stabilized light source
US3280360A (en) * 1963-02-28 1966-10-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp High intensity radiation source
US3480829A (en) * 1965-03-08 1969-11-25 Geotel Inc Electric arc light source and method
US3378713A (en) * 1965-06-08 1968-04-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp High-intensity radiation source comprising rotating arc
US3360682A (en) * 1965-10-15 1967-12-26 Giannini Scient Corp Apparatus and method for generating high-enthalpy plasma under high-pressure conditions
US3418524A (en) * 1965-11-29 1968-12-24 Giannini Scient Corp Apparatus and method for generating high-intensity light

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3995187A (en) * 1971-09-07 1976-11-30 Telic Corporation Electrode type glow discharge apparatus
WO2001054166A1 (fr) * 2000-01-21 2001-07-26 Vortek Industries Ltd. Appareil et procede de rayonnement electromagnetique a intensite elevee
US6621199B1 (en) 2000-01-21 2003-09-16 Vortek Industries Ltd. High intensity electromagnetic radiation apparatus and method
US20050179354A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2005-08-18 Camm David M. High-intensity electromagnetic radiation apparatus and methods
US7781947B2 (en) 2004-02-12 2010-08-24 Mattson Technology Canada, Inc. Apparatus and methods for producing electromagnetic radiation
US20100276611A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2010-11-04 Mattson Technology Canada, Inc. High-intensity electromagnetic radiation apparatus and methods
US8384274B2 (en) 2004-02-12 2013-02-26 Mattson Technology, Inc. High-intensity electromagnetic radiation apparatus and methods
DE102010040759A1 (de) * 2010-09-14 2012-03-15 Von Ardenne Anlagentechnik Gmbh Kühlsystem für Targets von Sputterquellen
DE102010040759B4 (de) * 2010-09-14 2015-10-08 Von Ardenne Gmbh Kühlanordnung für Targets von Sputterquellen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES385741A1 (es) 1973-04-01
SE376531B (fr) 1975-05-26
DE2057125A1 (de) 1971-05-27
NO129825B (fr) 1974-05-27
ES392247A1 (es) 1974-01-16
CA921550A (en) 1973-02-20
ZA707847B (en) 1971-08-25
NL7017046A (fr) 1971-05-25
FR2069814A5 (fr) 1971-09-03
AT314686B (de) 1974-04-25
BE759245A (fr) 1971-05-21
JPS4916467B1 (fr) 1974-04-22
GB1334379A (en) 1973-10-17
BR7024021D0 (pt) 1973-03-08

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Owner name: MORGAN GUARANTY TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, AND MOR

Free format text: MORTGAGE;ASSIGNORS:UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, A CORP.,;STP CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.,;UNION CARBIDE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS CO., INC., A CORP. OF PA.,;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004547/0001

Effective date: 19860106

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Owner name: UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION,

Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:MORGAN BANK (DELAWARE) AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:004665/0131

Effective date: 19860925