US3612918A - Electrostatic high-tension belt generator - Google Patents

Electrostatic high-tension belt generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3612918A
US3612918A US791374*A US3612918DA US3612918A US 3612918 A US3612918 A US 3612918A US 3612918D A US3612918D A US 3612918DA US 3612918 A US3612918 A US 3612918A
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United States
Prior art keywords
generator according
generator
potential
thread
belt
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US791374*A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kurt Willutzki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ITF INDUKTIVE TECH FORCHUNG GM
ITF INDUKTIVE TECHNISCHE FORCHUNG GmbH
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ITF INDUKTIVE TECH FORCHUNG GM
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Priority claimed from DE19681638220 external-priority patent/DE1638220B1/de
Application filed by ITF INDUKTIVE TECH FORCHUNG GM filed Critical ITF INDUKTIVE TECH FORCHUNG GM
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/06—Influence generators
    • H02N1/10—Influence generators with non-conductive charge carrier
    • H02N1/12—Influence generators with non-conductive charge carrier in the form of a conveyor belt, e.g. van de Graaff machine

Definitions

  • Reynolds Att0rneyWalter Becker exchangeable construction unit and potential rings are formed of hard foam material having a metallic conductive cover particularly of a wrapping of aluminum foil. Annularised supports are engaged centrally by sparking distance spacer means and peripherally engage the potential rings like a clamp to avoid damage of potential ring surface in case of disturbance.
  • a particle accelerator exemplified by a discharge tube is provided in passages with the generator and a tubular insulating lining means is provided in said passages to form rigid machine frame connecting elements between the generator socket and a removable high-tension electrode on opposite ends of an airtight liner having beaded edges and filled with pressurized gaseous medium of high dielectric strength.
  • the invention concerns an electrostatic belt generator according to Van de Graaff with an endless running belt which is being led between the electrode of a charging plant continuously loaded with the charging tension and which will transmit the charge hereby received to the generator electrode by corona discharge.
  • the first disadvantage is the fact that the maximum current of wellknown belt generators is about some 100 yA, according to a power of only some 100 W., whereas an'appliance for commercial use with a tension of about 1.5 MV must yield a current of some mA, in order to be able to compete with already experienced installations Co- 60, which are, however, too expensive for most of the applications.
  • Commercial applications are for example: Improvement and purifying of textile products by irradiation of textile fibers and fabrics, improvement of the mechanic properties .of chemical and technical products, sterilization of all medical lines and in the food industry, etc.
  • the belt had been kept nonpositively on the guide rollers; an enlargement of the generators power by extension of the belt increase of the belt running speed over a limit of 12 to 15 m./sec., is not possible regarding the running stability of the belt, the spreading of the electrical tension over the whole width of the belt and the belts tendency to flutter.
  • the object of the present invention is, therefore, to create an improved electrostatic high-voltage generator which can yield a considerably higher capacity at relatively little construction expense or cost.
  • the present invention provides a charging transport means or carrier in the form of an unlimited belt or insulated thread which is conducted back from the running end of the guide roller as far as the running end with many coils placed side by side spaced apart a little distance, over two guide rollers which are situated axially parallel and correspondingly grooved, and over derivation or following rolls positioned beside the conducting roll.
  • Another object of this invention is the special construction of potential rings between the hightension'electrode and the generator socket lying on ground potential where one or more continuous shafts are'provided for the belt or thread arrangements and eventually for the receipt of the high-voltage consumer which operates with the generator.
  • potential rings preferably consist of hard plastic foam which iscovered by an aluminum foil.
  • the potential rings there are provided two bore holes which are aligned one with respect to another, where, from the two sides thereon, plate-formed supports consisting of conducting material are placed, the insides of which lying one on another are supported in the distance parts, and the edge parts of which surround or encompass the next potential ring edges like a clamp. If the clamplike parts of these supports extend above the surfaces of the potential rings, they form or provide between two adjacent potential rings, nominal spark distances which react in case of disturbance and protect the potential rings. Conceming the distance parts, one of them, which lies between two potential rings, can be developed as ohmic voltage divider.
  • the belt generator in this invention can work without such a pressure tank. It is however, advantageous inventively to place a hermetically sealed cover of plastic foil and spark-resistant material which surrounds the potential ring part between the generator socket and the high voltage electrode. This hennetically sealed cover is kept inflated with compressed air and this facilitates an enlargement of the surrounding space with gas of high dielectric strength.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partially sectioned diagrammatic side view of the electrostatic generator of the present invention
  • F IG.'2 shows a diagrammatic perspective view of the belt or thread guide
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional fragmentary view through the charging planton an enlarged scale
  • FIG. 4 shows a section taken along line lVlV of FIG. 3
  • FIG. 5 shows a partial sectional view through the high-voltage electrode and the potential rings placed under it, which is enlarged in relation to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 6 shows a section taken along line VIVI of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 7 shows a horizontal cross section through the belt generator'of this invention which is provided with a plurality of belt or thread arrangements.
  • the belt generator shown in FIG. 1 consists of a generator socket l carrying a plurality of potential rings 2, which will be described subsequently and which are closed at the upper end voltage electrode 3.
  • a belt or thread arrangement 12 as a closed and exchangeable construction unit, which is described further with reference to FIG. 2.
  • a well insulated, monofile, endless belt or insulating thread 13 of circular form and of high resistance to extension belongs to the belt or thread arrangement 12.
  • the belt or thread can be made of polyamid or polyester, for example.
  • the belt or thread 13 is guided in a plurality of parallel coils (FIG. 2 is only diagrammatic) over the guide rollers provided with circulation grooves. From the upper end of the guide roller 15 the belt or thread is led back over the diverting rollers 16 and 17 as far as the running end of the guide roller 15.
  • the two guide rollers 14 and 15 are exactly parallel axially relative to each other and are connected to each other with their joumaling support by means of the separating wall 18 shown in FIG. 1, so that the collective construction unit itself shown in FIG. 2 can be readily interchanged.
  • the possibility of exchanging the belt or thread arrangement 12 and the particle accelerator 7 can be facilitated by the fact that the high-voltage electrode 3 can be revolved.
  • the parallel or adjoining wires form a belt or thread wall which is movable analogous with a belt over the two guide rollers 14 and 15, where, however, the different belt or thread coils are closely led through the guide grooves.
  • a smooth running of the belts or threads is guaranteed, even at very high speeds, for the following reason:
  • the single belts or thread dependent upon mass and prestress is a structure capable of vibration. By the air gap existing therebetween, each belt or thread is closely coupled with the adjoining belts or threads which always have different self-vibration and damp the other belts or threads.
  • the electromotor 19 is provided and placed in the generator socket 1; the electromotor 19, for example, can have a capacity of 4 kw, at a nominal r.p.m. of 2,850.
  • This electromotor 19 is connected with the lower guide roller means 14 by means of a tooth belt transmission 20.
  • the energizing of the belt or thread wall in the region of the lower guide roller 14 will be executed by a charging roller 21 which is placed axially parallel to the guide roller 14 in the vicinity of this roller, and which is preferably shifted against the belt or thread wall, so that this wall will extend a small amount according to the closing angle of from to 20.
  • a diffusion electrode 22 At the opposite side of this charging roller 21 there is a diffusion electrode 22.
  • the charging roller 21 charged with the charging tension is provided with an insulating cover 23, the dielectric constant of which must, if possible, approach that of the belt or thread material.
  • This cover 23 is also provided with running grooves, the profile of which corresponds to the half belt or thread cross section. It is to be understood that the division of the grooves of the charging roller 21 corresponds to the division of the grooves of the guide rollers 14 and 15.
  • the surplus charge sputters or disperses from the belt or thread wall into the surrounding region which transports then its maximal charge to the high-voltage electrode 3, wherein contrary to the usual belt generator-both sides of the belt or thread wall are charged.
  • the transversed belt or thread wall is also charged with opposite polarity this value will be increased by about 50 percent to 1.3 m/A.
  • FIG 7 it is absolutely possible to equip a generator with a plurality of belt or thread arrangements 12 (eventually together with a common particle accelerator 7), and the above-mentioned power can be multiplied by the number of its belt or thread arrangements.
  • the belt or thread 13 which consists of organic material, is mechanically and chemically highly stressed by the ionized atmosphere, so that it must be exchanged at certain periods of time. This can easily be done with very little expense in cost and time, according to the above-mentioned construction.
  • the generator according to this invention can easily attain a considerable power, it does not require a special pressure vessel, as by an increase of the pressure up to from 15 to 25 atm, the generator voltage increases only by 2 to 2.5.
  • the open construction of this invention is therefore more inexpensive because the linear dimensions of the generator increase proportionally to the tension and because in this case a light construction is possible.
  • the boundary voltage of the generator is determined by the radius of curvature of the high-voltage electrode 3 which must amount to 0.6 to 0.7 m. approximately at 1.5 MW, and otherwise by the field relations between the high-voltage electrode 3 and the generator socket 1 lying on ground potential. It would be suitable if the space between the two electrodes of the generator would be divided into a certain number of identical potential steps or stages where the tension stages are formed by means of guiding bodies, the previously mentioned potential rings 2.
  • the voltage drop between the potential rings 2 is defined by interconnected ohmic potential dividers which are not described in detail and which can be realized in each of plural spacer parts.
  • the potentialrings 2 consist of hard plastic foam plates with edges according to the Rogowski profile, in order to equalize the field line distribution.
  • the potential rings 2 are at each side covered by an aluminum foil.
  • these supports have the form of plates and the flat inner parts 26 line one on the other and the annular toruslike outer edge part 27 surround the adjoining edges of the potential rings 2 like a clamp.
  • the potential rings have a decreased spacing, so that required are or sparking distances occur which in case of disturbance avoid damage of the potential ring surface and which indicate a possible loss of one voltage divider stage by the sparking distance, maintained by spacer means 28.
  • the considerable mechanical stress of the high-voltage electrode 3 forms in addition to the unavoidable remaining unbalance of the upper guide rollers, a belt or thread tension which can amount to 1,000 kg. approximately at a roller length of 70 cm.
  • This belt or thread tension or pull is taken by the wire shaft 4 and shafts 5 for the discharging tube which are preferably equipped with a strengthened insulating cover 29.
  • the two mentioned shafts are, as shown in FIG. 5, reinforced at their ends with the generator socket 1, as well as screwed in with the high-voltage electrode flat sheet 30.
  • acrylic resin has proved advantageous as this material possesses sufficient mechanical properties and can easily be finished, and furthermore has high resistance therethrough and, in this case, a very important high surface resistance.
  • FIGS. 1 and 5 there is provided a foil lining 31 which is cylindrical in its middle and annular toruslike in form at its upper edge parts (and likewise in the lower parts also).
  • the lower part of the foil lining 13 is hermetically connected in airtight relationship with the generator socket 1, whereas the upper annular toruslike part is kept between the correspondingly profiled high-voltage electrode flat sheet 30 and the high-voltage electrode semicircle.
  • the volume enclosed by the foil cover 31, the high voltage electrode 3 and the caselike generator socket can be filled by a blower or fan motor with dust free filtered air. If necessary, this air can be dried and, in order to increase the dielectric strength, there can be added suitable gas like C Cl C CI F or S F What I claim is:
  • An electrostatic high-tension belt generator with an endless running belt which is fed between an electrode of a charging plant continuously loaded with the charging tension and which also transmits the charge hereby received to the generator electrode by corona discharge, comprising: an endless insulating thread provided for charge transmission and including a plurality of parallel coils, a pair of axially parallel guide rollers associated with said generator and grooved correspondingly to circulate said thread coils, and diverting roller means adjoining said guide rollers from the running off end of which there is return of said insulating thread onto said roller means.
  • a charging roller serves as a loading device for an insulating thread wall formed of insulating thread coils engaging said charging roller, and a diffusion electrode associated with said charging roller and located axially parallel adjoining at least one grounded guide roller.
  • a generator according to claim 2 in which an insulating material cover is provided additionally on said charging roller.
  • a generator according to claim 2 in which semicircular guide slots are provided on said charging roller and correspond to the thread strength and coincide divisionally with division of said guide rollers.
  • a generator according to claim 2 in which said charging roller is adjustable in a direction perpendicular to said insulating thread wall.
  • a generator according to claim 2 in which said charging roller is advanced against said insulating thread wall deflected by a small amount corresponding to a coil angle of from to 20.
  • a generator according to claim 2 in which an opposite polarity charging roller and corresponding diffusion electrode additionally exist collectively in scope of high-tension potential of one guide roller.
  • a generator according to claim 1 in which an insulating separating wall interconnects said guide rollers for insulating thread arrangement inclusive as an exchangeable construction unit.
  • a generator according to claim 1 in which between a high-tension electrode and grounded generator socket, there are plural disc-shaped potential rings having at least one through passage for receiving the insulating thread arrangement and high-resistance potential divider means connected in alignment with said potential rings.
  • a generator according to claim 11 in which a particle accelerator exemplified by a discharge tube is provided in an additional through passage for generator driven receipt thereof.
  • tubular insulating lining means provided in said passages form rigid machine frame connecting elements between said generator socket and said high-tension electrode.
  • edges of said potential rings corresponding to equalization of field line distribution are provided with a Rogowski profile.
  • a generator according to claim 1 l in which plate-forming supports of conductive material having bores directed toward each other on both sides of said potential rings, and spacer means centrally between said supports of adjoining potential rings, said supports peripherally clamping adjoining potential ring edges.
  • a generator according to claim 16 in which said supports in peripherally clamping upper surfaces of said potential rings thereby form a preset sparking distance between two adjoining potential rings in case of disturbance.
  • a generator according to claim 11 in which an airtight liner is provided between said generator socket and said hightension electrode, said liner enclosing said potential rings with a slide dischargeproof synthetic spark-resistant material foil.

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
US791374*A 1968-01-19 1969-01-15 Electrostatic high-tension belt generator Expired - Lifetime US3612918A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681638220 DE1638220B1 (de) 1968-01-19 1968-01-19 Elektrostatischer hochspannungs bandgenerator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3612918A true US3612918A (en) 1971-10-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US791374*A Expired - Lifetime US3612918A (en) 1968-01-19 1969-01-15 Electrostatic high-tension belt generator

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3612918A (ja)
JP (1) JPS4811852B1 (ja)
BE (1) BE727008A (ja)
CH (1) CH484552A (ja)
DK (1) DK121564B (ja)
ES (1) ES362647A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR1598709A (ja)
GB (1) GB1235214A (ja)
NL (1) NL6900547A (ja)
NO (1) NO123435B (ja)
SE (1) SE355906B (ja)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3842293A (en) * 1971-10-28 1974-10-15 Science Res Council Electrostatic generator
US3952214A (en) * 1974-05-21 1976-04-20 Science Research Council Electrostatic generators
US8938048B2 (en) 2012-03-27 2015-01-20 Tribogenics, Inc. X-ray generator device
US9008277B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-04-14 Tribogenics, Inc. Continuous contact X-ray source
US9173279B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-10-27 Tribogenics, Inc. Compact X-ray generation device
US9205342B2 (en) 2013-12-03 2015-12-08 Mattel, Inc. Doll stands and methods of using doll stands having an electrostatic charge generating device
US9208985B2 (en) 2012-06-14 2015-12-08 Tribogenics, Inc. Friction driven x-ray source
US9244028B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2016-01-26 Tribogenics, Inc. Electron excited x-ray fluorescence device
US9412553B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-08-09 Tribogenics, Inc. Transmission X-ray generator

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6019047U (ja) * 1983-07-18 1985-02-08 佐伯　領二 現像タンク

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1991236A (en) * 1931-12-16 1935-02-12 Massachusetts Inst Technology Electrostatic generator
US2697793A (en) * 1951-12-12 1954-12-21 Research Corp Induction-conduction charging of electrostatic generators
US2810077A (en) * 1956-03-02 1957-10-15 High Voltage Engineering Corp Compact x-ray generator
US2858460A (en) * 1957-07-02 1958-10-28 High Voltage Engineering Corp Electrostatic generator
US3024407A (en) * 1959-08-20 1962-03-06 Well Surveys Inc Belt charging means for borehole electrostatic generators
US3028685A (en) * 1960-12-23 1962-04-10 Silverman Daniel High voltage electrostatic demonstration apparatus
US3256450A (en) * 1962-07-25 1966-06-14 Centre Nat Rech Scient Electrostatic generator

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1991236A (en) * 1931-12-16 1935-02-12 Massachusetts Inst Technology Electrostatic generator
US2697793A (en) * 1951-12-12 1954-12-21 Research Corp Induction-conduction charging of electrostatic generators
US2810077A (en) * 1956-03-02 1957-10-15 High Voltage Engineering Corp Compact x-ray generator
US2858460A (en) * 1957-07-02 1958-10-28 High Voltage Engineering Corp Electrostatic generator
US3024407A (en) * 1959-08-20 1962-03-06 Well Surveys Inc Belt charging means for borehole electrostatic generators
US3028685A (en) * 1960-12-23 1962-04-10 Silverman Daniel High voltage electrostatic demonstration apparatus
US3256450A (en) * 1962-07-25 1966-06-14 Centre Nat Rech Scient Electrostatic generator

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3842293A (en) * 1971-10-28 1974-10-15 Science Res Council Electrostatic generator
US3952214A (en) * 1974-05-21 1976-04-20 Science Research Council Electrostatic generators
US9258874B2 (en) 2012-03-27 2016-02-09 Tribogenics, Inc. X-ray generator device
US8938048B2 (en) 2012-03-27 2015-01-20 Tribogenics, Inc. X-ray generator device
US9854657B2 (en) 2012-03-27 2017-12-26 Tribogenics, Inc. X-ray generator device
US9208985B2 (en) 2012-06-14 2015-12-08 Tribogenics, Inc. Friction driven x-ray source
US9671355B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2017-06-06 Tribogenics, Inc. Electron excited X-ray fluorescence device
US9244028B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2016-01-26 Tribogenics, Inc. Electron excited x-ray fluorescence device
US9173279B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-10-27 Tribogenics, Inc. Compact X-ray generation device
US9412553B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-08-09 Tribogenics, Inc. Transmission X-ray generator
US9728368B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-08-08 Tribogenics, Inc. Continuous contact X-ray source
US9748068B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-08-29 Tribogenics, Inc. Transmission X-ray generator
US9814125B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-11-07 Tribogenics, Inc. Compact X-ray generation device
US9008277B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-04-14 Tribogenics, Inc. Continuous contact X-ray source
US9991084B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-06-05 Tribo Labs Continuous contact x-ray source
US10361056B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-07-23 Tribo Labs Continuous contact x-ray source
US9205342B2 (en) 2013-12-03 2015-12-08 Mattel, Inc. Doll stands and methods of using doll stands having an electrostatic charge generating device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4811852B1 (ja) 1973-04-16
GB1235214A (en) 1971-06-09
CH484552A (de) 1970-01-15
NO123435B (ja) 1971-11-15
DK121564B (da) 1971-11-01
NL6900547A (ja) 1969-07-22
ES362647A1 (es) 1970-11-16
SE355906B (ja) 1973-05-07
BE727008A (ja) 1969-07-17
FR1598709A (ja) 1970-07-06

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