US3612012A - Fuel injection nozzle - Google Patents

Fuel injection nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
US3612012A
US3612012A US882120A US3612012DA US3612012A US 3612012 A US3612012 A US 3612012A US 882120 A US882120 A US 882120A US 3612012D A US3612012D A US 3612012DA US 3612012 A US3612012 A US 3612012A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
fuel injection
needle valve
injection nozzle
tip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US882120A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Dreisin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutz Allis Corp
Original Assignee
Allis Chalmers Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Allis Chalmers Corp filed Critical Allis Chalmers Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3612012A publication Critical patent/US3612012A/en
Assigned to WOODS KATHLEEN D., AS TRUSTEE, CONNECTICUT NATIONAL BANK THE, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION AS TRUSTEE reassignment WOODS KATHLEEN D., AS TRUSTEE SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALLIS-CHALMERS CORPORATION A DE CORP.
Assigned to DEUTZ-ALLIS CORPORATION A CORP OF DE reassignment DEUTZ-ALLIS CORPORATION A CORP OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ALLIS-CHALMER CORPORATION A DE CORP
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/14—Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2700/00—Supplying, feeding or preparing air, fuel, fuel air mixtures or auxiliary fluids for a combustion engine; Use of exhaust gas; Compressors for piston engines
    • F02M2700/07—Nozzles and injectors with controllable fuel supply
    • F02M2700/074—Injection valve actuated by fuel pressure for pressurised fuel supply

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A fuel injection nozzle having a long narrow passage between the differential valve and the discharge orifices with narrow walls surrounding the passage to form a long narrow tip of small cross sectional area.
  • the opening in the cylinder deck facing the combustion chamber receiving the tip is correspondingly small to decrease heat transfer from the combustion chamber to the needle valve.
  • This invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine and more particularly to a fuel injection nozzle having a long sac passage in the nozzle tip defined by thin walls with the tip extending through a reduced diameter opening in the cylinder head facing the combustion chamber to substantially decrease heat transfer from combustion gases to needle valve seat.
  • Nozzle life of high output engines is often limited by excessive nozzle tip temperatures.
  • the region of the nozzle orifices and sac holes in other words the axial passage downstream from the valve seat of the needle valve can get as hot as 600 F., or even hotter.
  • high temperature steels which retain their physical properties such as hardness and wear resistance at such elevated temperatures
  • the fuel oil trapped in the sac hole after the end of injection is subject to accelerated chemical changes, when the tip temperature exceeds 450, or at most 500 F.
  • Fuel oil molecules crack leaving solid carbon deposits on the walls of the sac hole.
  • carbon particles start a build up on the needle seat and, acting as an abrasive, lead to accelerated seat wear.
  • As much as 80 percent of the total heat flow into the nozzle occurs across its projected tip area which faces the combustion chamber.
  • flame temperatures exceed 3,000 F. Heat flow into the nozzle occurs by means of convection and radiation.
  • This invention proposes an improvement which will retain the long sac hole described above but whereby the walls surrounding the lower portion of sac hole were made thin and the heat flow from the combustion chamber is reduced.
  • the opening in the cylinder deck facing the combustion chamber is reduced, decreasing substantially the nozzle area exposed to the heat of the flame. Accordingly, the thin walls of the sac holes and the reduced cylinder head opening which, in effect forms an annular lip protecting the nozzle tip from combustion heat, substantially reduces the heat transfer from the combustion gases to the needle valve seat.
  • the objects of this invention are accomplished by providing a nozzle having along thin walled sac passage extending from the differential valve to the nozzle tip.
  • the nozzle forms a reduced outline at the tip end as compared to the main body of the nozzle.
  • a reduced diameter opening in the engine head permits the nozzle tip to extend into the combustion chamber through a small cross-sectional area.
  • the shielding by the engine head of a substantial portion of the body of the injection nozzle and permitting only the small tip area to exposure by the hot combustion gases in the combustion chamber limits the heat transfer from the combustion gases to the needle valve seat.
  • the drawings illustrate a cross section of a diesel engine cylinder and fuel injector.
  • the block 1 receives the sleeve 2 upon which the head 3 is mounted.
  • the piston 4 reciprocates within the sleeve 2 and defines a plurality of annular recesses on its external periphery receiving a plurality of piston rings.
  • the recess in the end of piston 4 forms a portion of the combustion chamber 5.
  • the fuel injector extends into the combustion chamber for intennittently injecting fuel into the combustion chamber when the engine is operating.
  • the head 3 also supports a valve 6 engaging the valve seat 7 for controlling a flow of gas through the passage 8.
  • the injector 9 is mounted centrally above the piston 4 and the tip 10 having orifices l1 inject fuel into the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel injector 9 forms a body 12 carrying'the needle 13 forming a needle valve with the seat 14.
  • the needle 13 is biased to a closed position by a spring 15 which is compressed between a spring retainer on spindle rod 16 engaging the end of the needle 13, and the washer 17.
  • the washer 17 is positioned on the end of the adjusting screw 18 which can be adjusted by means of a suitable wrench inserted in the opening 19 of the cover 20.
  • the sleeve 21 is received within the cover 20 in the body 12 and is threadedly fastened together with the spacer 22 and washers 23 and 24 to form the upper assembly of the fuel injection nozzle.
  • the upper end of the fuel injection nozzle provides for adjustment of the compression force of the spring 15 biasing the needle 13 of the needle valve closed.
  • the conduit 25 defines an inlet passage 26 feeding into the body 12 of the fuel injector 9.
  • the inlet passage 26 feeds downwardly into the chamber 27 surrounding the needle valve in the lower portion of the body 12. With an increase in pressure in the inlet passage 26 and the chamber 27, the needle valve will be biased to an open position for fuel injection.
  • the air space 47 surrounding the injector 9 between the needle valve 33 of the injector 9 and the combustion chamber 5 also acts as a heat barrier.
  • the fuel injector 9 is fastened to the head by suitable means on the body 12 to maintain the base sleeve 28 of the fuel injector firmly seated on the sealing washer 29 at the base of the opening 30 receiving the sleeve 31.
  • the chamber 27 is in communication with an annular chamber32 surrounding the needle 13. The increased pressure in the chamber 27 operates against the surface 34 for opening the needle valve.
  • the tip 10 extends downwardly from the seat 14 and is formed by thin walls 38 defining the long sac passage 39 which is in communication with the orifices 11.
  • the cylinder head 3 defines a mating opening 40 to receive the tip 10.
  • the tip 10 extends through the opening 40 into the combustion chamber 5 with only a limited area of the tip exposed to the combustion gas in the combustion chamber 5.
  • the timing and quantity of injection into the combustion chamber is controlled by a fuel injection pump not shown and may be conventional in its operation.
  • the fuel injection nozzle as shown employs a needle valve 33 which operates in response to increasing the pressure in the inlet passage 26 and chamber 27.
  • the pressure opens the needle valve for fuel injection.
  • the needle valve seat temperatures are substantially reduced by the reduction of the exposed area of the fuel injector tip 10.
  • the cylinder head 3 in effect forms an annular heat-protecting flange 45 which defines the opening 40 which receives the tip 10.
  • the orifices 11 in the tip extend into the combustion chamber and expose a very small portion of the nozzle to the hot gases in the combustion chamber 5.
  • the flange 45 of the head 3 operating as a heat shield provides a barrier for heat transfer from the combustion chamber 5 to the nozzle 9.
  • the opening 35 in communication with the opening 40 is enlarged to receive the larger portion defining the valve seat 14.
  • the temperature of the fuel in annular chamber 32 surrounding the needle 13 is maintained at a substantially lower temperature than conventional fuel injection nozzles and accordingly the breakdown of fuel producing by excessive heat causing carbon deposits on the valve seat 14 are substantially eliminated.
  • a fuel injection nozzle in an internal combustion engine comprising, means defining a body of the fuel injection nozzle having inlet passage means, a needle valve connected to said inlet passage means for opening in response to a predetermined pressure of a pressurized fluid in said inlet passage means, a nozzle tip defining orifice means for discharging pressurized fluid into a combustion chamber, long thin walls connecting said needle valve to said nozzle tip defining a long sac passage connected to the orifice means and a substantially reduced cross-sectional area of the nozzle between said needle valve and said nozzle tip relative to said body, a cylinder head defining an opening for receiving the body of said fuel injector, said cylinder head defining an annular fiange of a thickness substantially equal to the length of said long sac passage and forming a continuation of said opening of substantially reduced diameter surrounding the tip of said fuel injector and forming an air space between the nozzle and head from the needle valve to the combustion chamber, said head and mounting of said nozzle providing a heat shield and insulation means to reduce heat transfer from hot combustion

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
US882120A 1969-12-04 1969-12-04 Fuel injection nozzle Expired - Lifetime US3612012A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US88212069A 1969-12-04 1969-12-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3612012A true US3612012A (en) 1971-10-12

Family

ID=25379924

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US882120A Expired - Lifetime US3612012A (en) 1969-12-04 1969-12-04 Fuel injection nozzle

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3612012A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2059793A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1302017A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3977367A (en) * 1974-10-21 1976-08-31 Curtiss-Wright Corporation Dual fuel injection nozzle
US4312372A (en) * 1979-05-18 1982-01-26 Amos Benton H Fluid handling systems and multi-positionable valve arrangements for use therein
US4480623A (en) * 1982-11-05 1984-11-06 Lucas Industries Public Limited Company Liquid fuel injection pump
US5325838A (en) * 1993-05-28 1994-07-05 Bennett David E Liquified petroleum gas fuel injector
US5826561A (en) * 1996-12-10 1998-10-27 Caterpillar Inc. Method and apparatus for injecting fuel using control fluid to control the injection's pressure and time
US6216675B1 (en) 1997-05-13 2001-04-17 Bi-Phase Technologies, L.L.C. System and condenser for fuel injection system
US6227173B1 (en) 1999-06-07 2001-05-08 Bi-Phase Technologies, L.L.C. Fuel line arrangement for LPG system, and method
US20030160114A1 (en) * 2000-04-05 2003-08-28 Caley David James Fuel injector nozzles
US6622667B1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2003-09-23 Deltahawk, Inc. Internal combustion engine
US6769383B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2004-08-03 Deltahawk, Inc. Internal combustion engine
US20040211846A1 (en) * 2003-04-25 2004-10-28 Cummins Inc. Fuel injector having a cooled lower nozzle body
US20060157034A1 (en) * 2003-03-27 2006-07-20 Bernhard Gottlieb Direct injection valve in a cylinder head
USRE40500E1 (en) 2000-07-25 2008-09-16 Deltahawk Engines, Inc. Internal combustion engine

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3602899A1 (de) * 1986-01-31 1987-08-06 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Kraftstoffleitung fuer hohe druecke
DE3605856A1 (de) * 1986-02-22 1987-08-27 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Kraftstoffleitung fuer hohe druecke
DE4128209A1 (de) * 1991-08-26 1993-03-04 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Dieselbrennkraftmaschine
JP3134797B2 (ja) * 1996-11-15 2001-02-13 いすゞ自動車株式会社 エンジンのインジェクタ取付構造
US6009856A (en) * 1998-05-27 2000-01-04 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector isolation

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2264914A (en) * 1937-07-26 1941-12-02 L Orange Rudolf Injection nozzle
US2858813A (en) * 1956-05-18 1958-11-04 Continental Motors Corp Fuel injection nozzle cooling
US2866445A (en) * 1956-12-19 1958-12-30 Justin W Macklin Piston and combustion chamber and injection nozzle mounting construction for compression ignition engine
US3038456A (en) * 1961-01-27 1962-06-12 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Self-locking nozzle gasket
US3132633A (en) * 1963-04-11 1964-05-12 Gen Motors Corp Piston assembly

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2264914A (en) * 1937-07-26 1941-12-02 L Orange Rudolf Injection nozzle
US2858813A (en) * 1956-05-18 1958-11-04 Continental Motors Corp Fuel injection nozzle cooling
US2866445A (en) * 1956-12-19 1958-12-30 Justin W Macklin Piston and combustion chamber and injection nozzle mounting construction for compression ignition engine
US3038456A (en) * 1961-01-27 1962-06-12 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Self-locking nozzle gasket
US3132633A (en) * 1963-04-11 1964-05-12 Gen Motors Corp Piston assembly

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3977367A (en) * 1974-10-21 1976-08-31 Curtiss-Wright Corporation Dual fuel injection nozzle
US4312372A (en) * 1979-05-18 1982-01-26 Amos Benton H Fluid handling systems and multi-positionable valve arrangements for use therein
US4480623A (en) * 1982-11-05 1984-11-06 Lucas Industries Public Limited Company Liquid fuel injection pump
US5325838A (en) * 1993-05-28 1994-07-05 Bennett David E Liquified petroleum gas fuel injector
US5826561A (en) * 1996-12-10 1998-10-27 Caterpillar Inc. Method and apparatus for injecting fuel using control fluid to control the injection's pressure and time
US6216675B1 (en) 1997-05-13 2001-04-17 Bi-Phase Technologies, L.L.C. System and condenser for fuel injection system
US6227173B1 (en) 1999-06-07 2001-05-08 Bi-Phase Technologies, L.L.C. Fuel line arrangement for LPG system, and method
US7137571B2 (en) * 2000-04-05 2006-11-21 Orbital Engine Company (Australia) Pty Limited Fuel injector nozzles
US20030160114A1 (en) * 2000-04-05 2003-08-28 Caley David James Fuel injector nozzles
US6622667B1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2003-09-23 Deltahawk, Inc. Internal combustion engine
US20050235946A1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2005-10-27 Doers Douglas A Internal combustion engine
USRE40500E1 (en) 2000-07-25 2008-09-16 Deltahawk Engines, Inc. Internal combustion engine
USRE41335E1 (en) 2000-07-25 2010-05-18 Deltahawk Engines, Inc. Internal combustion engine
US6769383B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2004-08-03 Deltahawk, Inc. Internal combustion engine
US20060157034A1 (en) * 2003-03-27 2006-07-20 Bernhard Gottlieb Direct injection valve in a cylinder head
US7418947B2 (en) * 2003-03-27 2008-09-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Direct injection valve in a cylinder head
US20040211846A1 (en) * 2003-04-25 2004-10-28 Cummins Inc. Fuel injector having a cooled lower nozzle body
US7021558B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2006-04-04 Cummins Inc. Fuel injector having a cooled lower nozzle body

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1302017A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-04
DE2059793A1 (de) 1971-06-16

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: WOODS KATHLEEN D., AS TRUSTEE

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALLIS-CHALMERS CORPORATION A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004149/0001

Effective date: 19830329

Owner name: CONNECTICUT NATIONAL BANK THE, A NATIONAL BANKING

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALLIS-CHALMERS CORPORATION A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004149/0001

Effective date: 19830329

AS Assignment

Owner name: DEUTZ-ALLIS CORPORATION BOX 933, MILWAUKEE, WI 53

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ALLIS-CHALMER CORPORATION A DE CORP;REEL/FRAME:004434/0722

Effective date: 19850627