US3609293A - Electrically heated multiple glazed window - Google Patents

Electrically heated multiple glazed window Download PDF

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Publication number
US3609293A
US3609293A US846847A US3609293DA US3609293A US 3609293 A US3609293 A US 3609293A US 846847 A US846847 A US 846847A US 3609293D A US3609293D A US 3609293DA US 3609293 A US3609293 A US 3609293A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
multiple glazed
glazed unit
sheets
spacer
electroconductive
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US846847A
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English (en)
Inventor
John L Stewart
George H Bowser
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PPG Industries Inc
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PPG Industries Inc
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Application filed by PPG Industries Inc filed Critical PPG Industries Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3609293A publication Critical patent/US3609293A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A heated, multiple glazed insulating unit having 9/ 219/203 a marginal edge spacer element composed of electrically in- "05 /0 sulting material.
  • This invention relates to an electrically heated multiple glazed unit and, more particularly, to a multiple glazed unit having a marginal edge spacer element separating a pair of glass sheets and an electroconductive heater, such as an electroconductive film, attached to bus bars and to the inner or air space surface of at least one of its glass sheets.
  • the marginal edge spacer is an electrically insulating element that contains a desiccant.
  • the bus bars are disposed in the same marginal glass sheet area occupied by the adjacent spacer and thus are in a position to be readily concealed from view 'by a peripherally surrounding frame and/or mounting sash.
  • the bus bars can, but need not necessarily, be rigidly affixed with respect to the electroconductive heating circuit.
  • the spacer is a flexible or resilient member that compressively supports the bus bars, under slight pressure, in physical contact only with the electroconductive heater.
  • the spacer component of the multiple glazed unit of this invention can be used not only to separate the glass sheet components of the unit and dehydrate the air space therebetween, but also to: electrically insulate the electroconductive heater from any metallic frame and/or mounting sash that may be provided for the unit; hide or completely conceal the bus bars; support and uniformly apply pressure to bus bars held only in pressure contact with the electroconductive heater; eliminate the need to delete electroconductive film away from marginal edge portions of the filmed surface of a glass sheet substrate and/or remove oversprayed film material from the exterior surface of a glass substrate; and eliminate the procedures required to rigidly affix bus bars with respect to the electroconductive heater, if so desired.
  • multiple glazed unit is comprised of two sheets of glass 12 and 14 arranged in parallel relationship and spaced from one another to provide an insulating air space between the sheets.
  • the glass sheets 12 and 14 may be tempered, colored, laminated, tinted, coated, or have other special strength, optical or solar control properties.
  • glass sheet 12 is provided with an electroconductive heater which comprises a transparent electroconductive coating or film 16 on its inner or air space surface.
  • Electroconductive film 16 is provided to heat the adjacent glass sheet substrate 12. The principal reason for this type of unit construction is that these units are intended to be used to fenestrate areas occupied by people to provide an insulating window that has its interior glass sheet heated to avoid discomfort due to air drafts and/or a glass panel that is heated to eliminate formation of condensation thereon.
  • any desired method may be employed to provide an electroconductive heater, such as film 16.
  • an electroconductive heater such as film 16.
  • one preferred method that may be employed in which a transparent, electroconductive, copper film having excellent solar control properties is deposited on a glass sheet surface, is fully disclosed in application Ser. No. 636,464, filed May 5, 1967, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
  • Another method that may be used, in which a transparent electroconductive tin oxide film is provided on a glass sheet substrate, is fully disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,107,177, also assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Accordingly, the disclosures of both of the above inventions are specifically relied upon and incorporated herein by reference.
  • glass sheet 12 and, more particularly, electroconductive film 16 is also provided with a pair of bus bars 18 and 20 located on opposite marginal edge portions of the glass sheet and in electrical contact with the transparent electroconductive film.
  • bus bars 18 and 29 may, but need not necessarily, be rigidly affixed to glass sheet 12 and/or to electroconductive film 16.
  • other arrangements of the bus bars than the one shown, including the use of additional bus bars on glass sheet 14 interconnected with the bus bars on glass sheet 12, may be employed if desired.
  • the bus bars 18 and 20 are connected to wires 36 and 38 in a suitable manner to conduct current from an outside source (not shown) to the film l6 and thereby heat the film and its adjacent glass sheet substrate.
  • the glass sheets 12 and 14 are separated at their marginal edges by an electrically insulating spacer-dehydrator element 22.
  • the spacer-dehydrator element 22 shown has an essentially rectangular cross-sectional shape and extends completely around the periphery of each of the glass sheets 12 and 14 in contact with the marginal inner surface portions thereof.
  • spacer-dehydrator element 22 preferably abuts the bus bars and occupies essentially the same glass sheet area as that occupied by the bus bars.
  • spacer-dehydrator element 22 is not shown as being adhered to the adjacent marginal surface portions of glass sheets 12 and 14 and/or adjacent surface portions of bus bars 18 and 20, it is within the contemplation of this invention that it could be so adhered, preferably by a continuous film or bead of an adhesive, moisture-resistant, nonelectrically conductive mastic composition that would provide a primary hermetic seal for the unit.
  • a flexible, moistureresistant strip 24 having a head or layer of moisture-resistant, nonelectrically conductive mastic composition 26 adhered thereto and to the peripheral edge of spacerdehydrator element 22 and the peripheral edges 28 of the glass sheets. Strip 24 and mastic composition 26 extend completely around the perimeter of the unit 10.
  • Frame member 30 is generally composed of several sections of metal channeling that are joined or butted together at their ends.
  • the angle that the flanges or sides of the channel members form with the central or web portion of the channel members is slightly less than
  • the channel member is thus held on under tension or. stated differently, exerts a slight compressive force on the components of the unit disposed therebetween. Accordingly, while frame member 30 obviously protects the edges of the glass sheets.
  • frame member 30 serves to compressively hold the unit together, particularly where a mastic or adhesive is not employed to hermetically seal spacer-dehydrator element 22 to the inner surfaces of glass sheets 12 and 14 and/or adjacent surface portions of bus bars 18 and 20.
  • the compressive holding force exerted by frame member 30 is sufficient to support bus bars 18 and 20 in positive electrical contact with film 16 without the necessity of rigidly affixing the bus bars with respect to film 16, as by soldering the bus bars to film 16 or firing metalceramic bus bars on glass sheet 12.
  • the spacer'dehydrator element 22 shown is composed of a desiccant material 32 dispersed in an electrically insulating, moisture vapor transmittable, matrix material 34.
  • the electrically insulating, moisture vapor transmittable, matrix material 34 functions to provide an electrically insulating spacer, as well as providing the required communication between the air space of the unit 10 and the desiccant material 32, so that moisture from the air within the unit will be adsorbed by the substantially uniformly dispersed desiccant.
  • matrix material 34 is preferably also a material that is flexible or readily conformable at room temperature to any shape or contour that may be encountered, such as by compressively conforming to or about adjacent surface portions of bus bars 18 and 20.
  • spacer-dehydrator element 22 is preferably a thermoplastic, elastomeric member prepared in the following manner and having the following composition:
  • Pellets of the Thermolastic 226 are added to a two-roll mill heated to a temperature of about 250 F. the pellets are allowed to soak approximately minutes before the mill is turned on. The pellets are then thoroughly milled until a uniform sheet of the material is formed. Powered Linde Molecular Sieve 13X is added slowly to the sheet of Thermolastic 226 and, after the addition of all of the molecular sieve material, the resultant sheet is stripped and returned to the mill at least 5 times. This process of addition of material, stripping and returning to the mill is then repeated with the addition of the carbon black. Carbon black is used merely as a coloring agent and its use is not essential. The completed composition is removed from the mill and cut into 55-inch strips which are stored in a sealed container in preparation for subsequent extrusion to the desired shape.
  • a die is selected to provide the desired shape for the spacerdehydrator element. This die is placed in a Killion 100 extruder. The barrel of the extruder is heated to approximately 250 F. and the die is heated to approximately 240 to 260 F. The extruder screw speed setting is approximately 2.5. The previously prepared 15-inch strips of material having the desired composition for the spacer-dehydrator element are then added to the feed hopper and extruded to the desired shape.
  • Thermolastic 226 is a specific example of a particularly suitable member of a family of electrically insulating, moisture vapor transmittable, thermoplastic elastomers, such as are now disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,265,765.
  • electrically insulating, thermoplastic, moisture vapor transmittable materials as well as electrically insulating, moisture vapor transmittable thermosetting materials and vulcanizable materials, may also be used.
  • Examples of materials in addition to Thermolastic 226 that may be used include: polyacrylate elastomers, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, polybutadiene elastomers, silicone elastomers, polyamide resins, urethane elastomers, epoxy resins, polyester resins, phenolic resins, ureaformaldehyde resins, cellulose acetate resins, polycarbonate resins, polystyrene resins polyvinyl alcohol resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and the like.
  • the preferred type or class of desiccant materials that may be used in connection with the practice of this invention, and which are now covered by composition of matter patents, are the synthetically produced crystalline metal alumino-silicates or crystalline zeolites.
  • Linde Molecular Sieve l3X in powdered form, is a specific example of a synthetically produced crystalline zeolite that is particularly satisfactory and which is covered by US. Pats. Nos. 2,882,243 and 2,882,244.
  • desiccant or adsorbent materials may also be used, such as anhydrous calcium sulfate, activated alumina, silica gel and the like.
  • the electrically heated multiple glazed unit herein disclosed can provide a number of unique advantages over similar prior art constructions. Among these advantages are: insulating the electroconductive heater element and bus bars from any metallic frame and/or surrounding mounting sash that may be provided for the unit, hiding or completely concealing the bus bars from view in a direction normal to the unit's glass sheet surfaces by permitting them to occupy the same marginal edge glass sheet areas normally concealed from view and occupied by the spacer element, eliminating the need to delete electroconductive film away from marginal edge portions of a glass sheet substrate that could conduct electrical current to and/or from a spacer element since the spacer of this invention is composed of electrically insulating material and, accordingly, will not conduct electrical current, and eliminating the procedures formerly required to rigidly affix bus bars with respect to the electroconductive heater by use of a compressible spacer that can compressively and uniformly hold the bus bars in positive electrical contact with the electroconductive heater by pressure alone. Also, the preferred unit
  • a multiple glazed unit comprising a pair of rigid sheets disposed in parallel relation to each other, electroconductive heater means carried on the inner surface of at least one of said sheets, bus bars electrically connected to said electroconductive heater means and an electrically insulating, desiccantcontaining spacer-dehydrator covering at least a portion of said bus bars and disposed between opposed marginal edge portions of said sheets.
  • the multiple glazed unit of claim 1 wherein the spacerdehydrator comprises an electrically insulating element containing a desiccant.
  • a multiple glazed unit comprising a pair of rigid sheets disposed in parallel relation to each other, electroconductive heater means arranged to heat the inner surface of at least one of said sheets and an electrically insulating spacer-dehydrator disposed between opposed marginal edge portions of said sheets, said spacer-dehydrator comprising a desiccant material dispersed in a matrix of electrically insulating, moisture vapor transmittable material.
  • the multiple glazed unit of claim 4 which further includes a pair of bus bars disposed between said sheets in electrical contact with said electroconductive heater means.
  • v comprises a crystalline metal aluminosilicate.
  • the multiple glazed unit of claim which further includes a moisture-resistant adhesive material extending between said rigid sheets and across their peripheral edges.
  • the multiple glazed unit of claim 11 which further includes a moisture-resistant adhesive material extending between said spacer-dehydrator and said rigid sheets.
  • the multiple glazed unit of claim 11 which further includes a metallic frame member extending in circumscribing relation about the periphery of said unit.
  • electroconductive heater means comprises an electroconductive film on the inner surface of said one of said sheets.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
US846847A 1969-08-01 1969-08-01 Electrically heated multiple glazed window Expired - Lifetime US3609293A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US84684769A 1969-08-01 1969-08-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3609293A true US3609293A (en) 1971-09-28

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US846847A Expired - Lifetime US3609293A (en) 1969-08-01 1969-08-01 Electrically heated multiple glazed window

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3609293A (no)
JP (1) JPS4917706B1 (no)
DE (1) DE2037288B2 (no)
FR (1) FR2054279A5 (no)
GB (1) GB1285114A (no)
NO (1) NO130989C (no)
SE (1) SE380578B (no)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4069630A (en) * 1976-03-31 1978-01-24 Ppg Industries, Inc. Heat reflecting window
US4682007A (en) * 1986-04-17 1987-07-21 Hollander James M Defogging and deicing shield structure
US4952430A (en) * 1985-05-16 1990-08-28 Ppg Industries, Inc. Insulated window units
US5059458A (en) * 1987-08-14 1991-10-22 Pilkington Plc Glazing units
US5702179A (en) * 1995-10-02 1997-12-30 Osram Sylvania, Inc. Discharge lamp having light-transmissive conductive coating for RF containment and heating
BE1011279A3 (nl) * 1997-07-14 1999-07-06 Iq Glass Verwarmende dubbele beglazing.
WO2000000713A1 (de) * 1998-06-26 2000-01-06 Schott Glas Mehrscheibenisolierglas für geräte mit einer gegenüber der umbegungstemperatur herabgesetzten innenraumtemperatur
EP1017254A1 (en) * 1998-12-25 2000-07-05 Figla Co., Ltd. Light transmitting sheet material with an electrically heatable surface
US20030127452A1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2003-07-10 Gerhardinger Peter F. Electrically conductive heated glass panel assembly, control system, and method for producing panels
WO2006133298A2 (en) * 2005-06-07 2006-12-14 Sabrina Llc Warm window system
US20070204531A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-06 Engineered Glass Products, Llc Heated insulating glass panel with a fitting
US20070235441A1 (en) * 2006-03-28 2007-10-11 Jeffrey Winsler Insulating glass unit construction with an electrically heated pane
US20100200293A1 (en) * 2006-02-10 2010-08-12 Radiant Glass Industries, Llc Heated glass panels
US20100275516A1 (en) * 2007-10-19 2010-11-04 Lokshun Leung Anti-Fall Device for a Window Sash
US20110203653A1 (en) * 2010-02-23 2011-08-25 Johnson Steven X Photovoltaic buss bar system
US20110225916A1 (en) * 2009-11-27 2011-09-22 Sir Walter Lindal Prefabricated Glass House
US20140154434A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-05 Guardian Industries Corp. Refrigerator door/window

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK145734C (da) * 1979-09-17 1983-07-11 Rasmussen Holding As V Kann Affugter
FI73044C (fi) * 1983-11-09 1988-05-17 Partek Ab Foenster.
SE452899B (sv) * 1983-12-05 1987-12-21 Termofrost Sweden Ab Fonster med ett elektriskt ledande skikt
DE58906371D1 (de) * 1988-09-27 1994-01-20 Lingemann Helmut Gmbh & Co Mehrscheibenisolierglas sowie Abstandhalter für das Mehrscheibenisolierglas.
DE3903521C2 (de) * 1989-02-07 1993-11-25 Kunert Heinz Transparentes Element zur Verwendung als Fenster-, Wand, Dach- oder Brüstungselement
WO1999043919A1 (fr) * 1998-02-24 1999-09-02 Figla Co., Ltd. Materiau en feuille laissant passer la lumiere possedant une fonction de generation de chaleur et systeme comprenant le materiau en feuille
JP6989707B2 (ja) * 2018-01-22 2022-01-05 サン−ゴバン グラス フランス 絶縁グレージング及びウィンドウ

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1877685A (en) * 1927-08-25 1932-09-13 Ottenheimer Reuben Eli Refrigerator
US1913703A (en) * 1932-05-21 1933-06-13 Hussmannligonier Company Means for preventing sweating of glass of refrigerating cases
US3263063A (en) * 1963-07-01 1966-07-26 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Apparatus for preventing the formation of condensation
US3330942A (en) * 1964-04-01 1967-07-11 Sierracin Corp Temperature control system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1877685A (en) * 1927-08-25 1932-09-13 Ottenheimer Reuben Eli Refrigerator
US1913703A (en) * 1932-05-21 1933-06-13 Hussmannligonier Company Means for preventing sweating of glass of refrigerating cases
US3263063A (en) * 1963-07-01 1966-07-26 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Apparatus for preventing the formation of condensation
US3330942A (en) * 1964-04-01 1967-07-11 Sierracin Corp Temperature control system

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4069630A (en) * 1976-03-31 1978-01-24 Ppg Industries, Inc. Heat reflecting window
US4952430A (en) * 1985-05-16 1990-08-28 Ppg Industries, Inc. Insulated window units
US4682007A (en) * 1986-04-17 1987-07-21 Hollander James M Defogging and deicing shield structure
US5059458A (en) * 1987-08-14 1991-10-22 Pilkington Plc Glazing units
US5702179A (en) * 1995-10-02 1997-12-30 Osram Sylvania, Inc. Discharge lamp having light-transmissive conductive coating for RF containment and heating
BE1011279A3 (nl) * 1997-07-14 1999-07-06 Iq Glass Verwarmende dubbele beglazing.
WO2000000713A1 (de) * 1998-06-26 2000-01-06 Schott Glas Mehrscheibenisolierglas für geräte mit einer gegenüber der umbegungstemperatur herabgesetzten innenraumtemperatur
EP1017254A1 (en) * 1998-12-25 2000-07-05 Figla Co., Ltd. Light transmitting sheet material with an electrically heatable surface
KR100865867B1 (ko) * 1998-12-25 2008-10-29 피그라 가부시키 가이샤 발열기능을 갖는 투광성 판재와 이 판재를 이용한 시스템
US7265323B2 (en) * 2001-10-26 2007-09-04 Engineered Glass Products, Llc Electrically conductive heated glass panel assembly, control system, and method for producing panels
US8461495B2 (en) * 2001-10-26 2013-06-11 Engineered Glass Products, Llc. Heated glass panel frame with electronic controller and triac
US20050269312A1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2005-12-08 Engineered Glass Products, Llc. Heated glass panel frame with electronic controller and triac
US20030127452A1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2003-07-10 Gerhardinger Peter F. Electrically conductive heated glass panel assembly, control system, and method for producing panels
US9516701B2 (en) * 2005-06-07 2016-12-06 Energized Glass, Llc Warm window buss bar system and safety mechanism
US20060283084A1 (en) * 2005-06-07 2006-12-21 Johnson Steven X Warm Window System
US8530793B2 (en) * 2005-06-07 2013-09-10 Energized Glass, Llc Warm window buss bar system and safety mechanism
WO2006133298A3 (en) * 2005-06-07 2007-12-21 Sabrina Llc Warm window system
US20080135543A1 (en) * 2005-06-07 2008-06-12 Johnson Steven X Warm window buss bar system and safety mechanism
US7728260B2 (en) 2005-06-07 2010-06-01 Johnson Steven X Warm window system
WO2006133298A2 (en) * 2005-06-07 2006-12-14 Sabrina Llc Warm window system
US20140175080A1 (en) * 2005-06-07 2014-06-26 Energized Glass, Llc Warm window buss bar system and safety mechanism
US20100200293A1 (en) * 2006-02-10 2010-08-12 Radiant Glass Industries, Llc Heated glass panels
US7805896B2 (en) * 2006-03-03 2010-10-05 Engineered Glass Products, Llc Heated insulating glass panel with a fitting
US20070204531A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-06 Engineered Glass Products, Llc Heated insulating glass panel with a fitting
US20070235441A1 (en) * 2006-03-28 2007-10-11 Jeffrey Winsler Insulating glass unit construction with an electrically heated pane
US8424246B2 (en) * 2007-10-19 2013-04-23 Lin Feng Anti-fall device for a window sash
US20100275516A1 (en) * 2007-10-19 2010-11-04 Lokshun Leung Anti-Fall Device for a Window Sash
US20110225916A1 (en) * 2009-11-27 2011-09-22 Sir Walter Lindal Prefabricated Glass House
US20110203653A1 (en) * 2010-02-23 2011-08-25 Johnson Steven X Photovoltaic buss bar system
US20140154434A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-05 Guardian Industries Corp. Refrigerator door/window
US9332862B2 (en) * 2012-11-30 2016-05-10 Guardian Industries Corp. Refrigerator door/window

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO130989C (no) 1975-03-19
FR2054279A5 (no) 1971-04-16
JPS4917706B1 (no) 1974-05-02
NO130989B (no) 1974-12-09
SE380578B (sv) 1975-11-10
DE2037288A1 (de) 1971-02-11
GB1285114A (en) 1972-08-09
DE2037288B2 (de) 1976-09-16

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