US3607242A - Electrical resistance alloy - Google Patents
Electrical resistance alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3607242A US3607242A US827027A US3607242DA US3607242A US 3607242 A US3607242 A US 3607242A US 827027 A US827027 A US 827027A US 3607242D A US3607242D A US 3607242DA US 3607242 A US3607242 A US 3607242A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- electrical resistance
- cobalt
- percent
- manganese
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001006 Constantan Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
Definitions
- This alloy is characterized by a resistivity in the fully annealed state of about 300 ohms per circular mil foot and a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) over the range 60 to 100 C. of about 20 parts per million per degree Centigrade (p.p.m./ C.).
- TCR temperature coefficient of resistance
- the value of TCR taken over the range 60 to 20 C. referred to as the cold range value, differs from the value of TCR taken over the range of 20 to 100 C., referred to as the hot range value.
- the difference in these values, defined as ATCR is a measure of the linearity of the resistance versus temperature curve within the range of 60 to 100 C.
- the ATCR of this known alloy is about 20 p.p.m./ C.
- the known alloy has two significant disadvantages. Firstly, its ATCR is too high for many applications. Secondly, this alloy, when placed in contact with glass or ceramic materials in a heated environment, can initiate a reaction in which gases are generated and are entrapped at the interface between the alloy and the glass of ceramic material or released therefrom. In either event, this gas generation is undesirable. For example, when wire formed of this alloy is used in the production of ceramic coated wire wound resistors, gas bubbles are formed and the resultant product is commercially unacceptable. We have developed a new electrical resistance alloy of the constantan type which overcomes these two disadvantages.
- balancecopper This alloy contained 0.03 percent or less of each of silicon, boron and magnesium which were added during melting as deoxidizers. Although great care was taken to eliminate cobalt and carbon, about 0.0003 percent of carbon and 0.03 percent cobalt were found to be present as tramp elements.
- Ceramic coated wire wound resistors produced using the above alloy were found to be essentially free of gas bubbles. Typically, this alloy was found to have a ATCR of II p.p.m./ C. with a hot TCR range value of plus 6 /Om/ C. and a cold TCR range value ofp.p.m./ C.
- the conventional alloy was found to have a TCR of 18 p.p.m./ C. and hot TCR range value of 25 p.p.m./ C. and a cold TCR range value of 7 p.p.m./ C.
- balancecopper 2 An alloy as set forth in claim 1 wherein the carbon content S 0.005 percent.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
An electrical alloy which is essentially free of cobalt and carbon and comprising, as expressed in percent by weight: NICKEL: 40-46%; MANGANESE: 2.5-3.5%; IRON: 0.5-0.6% COPPER-BALANCE
Description
United States Patent Arnold .1. Gottlieb [54] ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE ALLOY 4 Claims, No Drawings [52] US. Cl 75/159 [51] Int. Cl C22c 9/06 [50] Field of Search 75/153,
[5 6] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 12/1940 Hunter 2,696,544 12/1954 Pooh 75/159 3,017,269 1 1962 FinchclaL 75/159 3,266,891 8/1966 1166116161. 75/159 I'rimary lzliziminer-Churlcs N. Lovell Altorne 1zv1hcodorc Jay, Jr. and Norman J. O'Mullcy ABSTRACT: An electrical alloy which is essentially free of cobalt and carbon and comprising, as expressed in percent by weight:
nickel: 4046%;
manganese: 254.5%;
iron: 0.50.6%
copper-balance ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE ALLOY BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Constantan is the generic name for a known type of electrical resistance alloy containing nickel and copper as major constituents and small amounts of manganese, iron, cobalt and carbon. A typical nominal formulation can be:
nickel -44% copper-1.5%
iron-0.5%
cobalt-0.2%
carbon-0.025%
copperbalance This alloy is characterized by a resistivity in the fully annealed state of about 300 ohms per circular mil foot and a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) over the range 60 to 100 C. of about 20 parts per million per degree Centigrade (p.p.m./ C.). The value of TCR taken over the range 60 to 20 C., referred to as the cold range value, differs from the value of TCR taken over the range of 20 to 100 C., referred to as the hot range value. The difference in these values, defined as ATCR, is a measure of the linearity of the resistance versus temperature curve within the range of 60 to 100 C. The ATCR of this known alloy is about 20 p.p.m./ C.
The known alloy has two significant disadvantages. Firstly, its ATCR is too high for many applications. Secondly, this alloy, when placed in contact with glass or ceramic materials in a heated environment, can initiate a reaction in which gases are generated and are entrapped at the interface between the alloy and the glass of ceramic material or released therefrom. In either event, this gas generation is undesirable. For example, when wire formed of this alloy is used in the production of ceramic coated wire wound resistors, gas bubbles are formed and the resultant product is commercially unacceptable. We have developed a new electrical resistance alloy of the constantan type which overcomes these two disadvantages.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One alloy composition, in accordance with our invention and fabricated in accordance with conventional techniques for producing constantan-type alloys, is as follows:
' 43% nickel 3% manganese;
0.25% iron;
balancecopper This alloy contained 0.03 percent or less of each of silicon, boron and magnesium which were added during melting as deoxidizers. Although great care was taken to eliminate cobalt and carbon, about 0.0003 percent of carbon and 0.03 percent cobalt were found to be present as tramp elements.
Ceramic coated wire wound resistors produced using the above alloy were found to be essentially free of gas bubbles. Typically, this alloy was found to have a ATCR of II p.p.m./ C. with a hot TCR range value of plus 6 /Om/ C. and a cold TCR range value ofp.p.m./ C.
As a standard, a conventional constantan-type alloy was I fabricated with the following composition:
44% nickel;
1.54% manganese;
0.45% iron;
0.21% cobalt;
0.025% carbon;
balancecopper Ceramic coated wire wound resistors produced using the conventional alloy were found to be gassy and commercially unacceptable. The conventional alloy was found to have a TCR of 18 p.p.m./ C. and hot TCR range value of 25 p.p.m./ C. and a cold TCR range value of 7 p.p.m./ C.
Further experiments showed that our alloy could be maintained gas free with ATCR values maintained appreciably below that of the conventional alloy as long as the ranges set forth below were not appreciably exceeded:
nickel: 40-46% manganese: 2.5-3.5%
iron: 0. l-0.6%
cobalt S 0.03%
carbon 3 0.005%
copper-balance What is claimed is: r
I. An electrical resistance alloy which is essentially free of cobalt and carbon and comprising, as expressed in percent by weight:
40-46% nickel 2.5-3.5% manganese;
0.1-0.6percent iron;
balancecopper 2. An alloy as set forth in claim 1 wherein the carbon content S 0.005 percent.
3. An alloy as set forth in claim 2 wherein the cobalt content s 0.03 percent.
4. An alloy as set forth in claim 3 containing:
43% nickel;
- 3% manganese;
0.25% iron;
balancecopper Patent No. 3 ,607 242 D t d September 21, 197].
Inventor(s) Arnold J Gottlieb and Teh P0 Wang It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column 1, line 10 of the specification, please delete "copper" and insert-manganese-.
SiTned and seal-ed this 7th day of March 1972.
LID-WARD MFLETCHER, JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK \ttestinyt Officer Commissioner of Patents
Claims (3)
- 2. An alloy as set forth in claim 1 wherein the carbon content 0.005 percent.
- 3. An alloy as set forth in claim 2 wherein the cobalt content 0.03 percent.
- 4. An alloy as set forth in claim 3 containing: 43% nickel; 3% manganese; 0.25% iron; balance-copper
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US82702769A | 1969-05-22 | 1969-05-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3607242A true US3607242A (en) | 1971-09-21 |
Family
ID=25248137
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US827027A Expired - Lifetime US3607242A (en) | 1969-05-22 | 1969-05-22 | Electrical resistance alloy |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3607242A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5437745A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-08-01 | Thermo Electric Corporation | High copper alloy composition for a thermocouple extension cable |
US20040156525A1 (en) * | 2003-02-10 | 2004-08-12 | Geddes Earl Russell | Transducer motor with low thermal modulation |
US20080279718A1 (en) * | 2007-05-10 | 2008-11-13 | Gebauer & Griller Metallwerk Gmbh | Metal Alloy |
US20100092334A1 (en) * | 2007-05-10 | 2010-04-15 | Gebauer & Griller Metallwerk Gmbh | Metal Alloy |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2224573A (en) * | 1939-10-25 | 1940-12-10 | Driver Harris Co | Alloy |
US2696544A (en) * | 1951-07-31 | 1954-12-07 | Driver Harris Co | Electric resistance alloy |
US3017269A (en) * | 1959-05-04 | 1962-01-16 | Leeds & Northrup Co | Copper-nickel thermocouple elements with controlled voltage temperature characteristics |
US3266891A (en) * | 1963-10-21 | 1966-08-16 | Leeds & Northrup Co | Copper-nickel thermocouple alloys |
-
1969
- 1969-05-22 US US827027A patent/US3607242A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2224573A (en) * | 1939-10-25 | 1940-12-10 | Driver Harris Co | Alloy |
US2696544A (en) * | 1951-07-31 | 1954-12-07 | Driver Harris Co | Electric resistance alloy |
US3017269A (en) * | 1959-05-04 | 1962-01-16 | Leeds & Northrup Co | Copper-nickel thermocouple elements with controlled voltage temperature characteristics |
US3266891A (en) * | 1963-10-21 | 1966-08-16 | Leeds & Northrup Co | Copper-nickel thermocouple alloys |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5437745A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-08-01 | Thermo Electric Corporation | High copper alloy composition for a thermocouple extension cable |
US20040156525A1 (en) * | 2003-02-10 | 2004-08-12 | Geddes Earl Russell | Transducer motor with low thermal modulation |
US20080279718A1 (en) * | 2007-05-10 | 2008-11-13 | Gebauer & Griller Metallwerk Gmbh | Metal Alloy |
AT505202B1 (en) * | 2007-05-10 | 2009-07-15 | Gebauer & Griller Metallwerk G | METAL ALLOY |
US20100092334A1 (en) * | 2007-05-10 | 2010-04-15 | Gebauer & Griller Metallwerk Gmbh | Metal Alloy |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION READING PENNSYLVA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:AMAX INC., A CORP OF NEW YORK;REEL/FRAME:004284/0609 Effective date: 19840427 |