US3606789A - Apparatus for manufacturing a pump spindle - Google Patents

Abstract

A PUMP SPINDLE HAS A SCREW-SHAPED CONFIGURATION AND IS IN THE FORM OF AN ELONGATED HOLLOW TUBE OF SMALL WALL THICKNESS, CARRYING AT ONE END A MEANS THROUGH WHICH A DRIVE IS TRANSMITTED TO THE PUMP SPINDLE. THE TUBE IS GIVEN ITS REQUIRED CONFIGURATION BY MEANS OF PRESSING JAWS WHICH PRESS INWARDLY AGAINST THE TUBE AND WHICH ARE SUITABLY SHAPED SO AS TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED HELICAL CONFIGURATION OF THE HOLLOW PUMP SPINDLE. THESE JAWS ARE SUPPORTED NOT ONLY FOR AXIAL MOVEMENT BUT ALSO FOR RADIAL MOVEMENT TOWARD AND AWAY FROM A GIVEN AXIS ALONG WHICH THE TUBE IS ADVANCED AND AROUND WHICH THE TUBE IS ROTATED, SO THAT BY ADVANCING THE TUBE IN STEPS SYNCHRONIZED WITH THE MOVEMENT OF THE SHAPING JAWS THERE WILL ISSUE FROM AN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE PUMP SPINDLE A TUBE OF REQUIRED CONFIGURATION FROM WHICH A SECTION OF PREDETERMINED LENGTH CAN BE CUT. THEREAFTER, A CONNECTING MEANS IS FASTENED TO ONE END OF THE THUS CUT TUBE TO BE ABLE TO TRANSMIT A DRIVE TO THE TUBE THROUGH THE CONNECTING MEANS.

Description

' P 21,1971 K. KOZUSNIK 3,606,789

ACTURING A PUMP SPINDLE FilGd April 9, 1969 United States Patent 01%:

3,6li6,789 Patented Sept. 21, 1971 3,606,789 APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING A PUMP SPINDLE Karel Kozusnik, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia, assignor to Sigma Lutin, narodni podnik, Olornouc, Czechoslovakia Filed Apr. 9, 1969, Ser. No. 814,715 Int. Cl. B2111 41/00 US. Cl. 72-402 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A pump spindle has a screw-shaped configuration and is in the form of an elongated hollow tube of small wall thickness, carrying at one end a means through which a drive is transmitted to the pump spindle. The tube is given its required configuration by means of pressing jaws which press inwardly against the tube and which are suitably shaped so as to achieve the desired helical configuration of the hollow pump spindle. These jaws are supported not only for axial movement but also for radial movement toward and away from a given axis along which the tube is advanced and around which the tube is rotated, so that by advancing the tube in steps synchronized with the movement of the shaping jaws there will issue from an apparatus for manufacturing the pump spindle a tube of required configuration from which a section of predetermined length can be cut. Thereafter, a connecting means is fastened to one end of the thus cut tube to be able to transmit a drive to the tube through the connecting means.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to spindles.

More particularly it relates to pump spindles, especially for single-spindle pumps, as well as to a method and apparatus used for manufacturing such pump spindles.

It is known to provide for single-spindle pumps spindles which generally take the form of helical screws provided with a rounded cross sectional configuration.

Such screws are rotated about a predetermined axis so as to slide against the inner surface of what corresponds to a pump cylinder, although this inner surface may be resilient, to yieldably press against the rotary spindle. Thus, as the spindle rotates it forms a pump chamber which will suck the fluid in through one end of the pump and advance it to the other end where it is discharged under pressure, as is well known with this type of pumps.

In order to enable such spindles to operate satisfactorily it is essential to provide a flywheel mass fixed to the spindle to provide for a continuous uniform rotary movethrough a round turning process. However, methods of this latter type are extremely tedious and exacting and are, in addition, diflicult to carry out inasmuch as the quality which is essential in the surface that is worked necessitates an edge or point type of impact between the manufacturing tool and the work. The result is that the tool itself will not have as long a life as is desired and the blade thereof rapidly wears out with its edge becoming uneven in a relatively short time, so that the final configuration of the worked article cannot be efliciently achieved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A primary object of the present invention is to solve the problem of providing a spindle which will enable the mass of the flywheel to be greatly reduced.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for manufacturing such a spindle in such a Way that the time required for the manufacture of a spindle is greatly reduced as compared with times which are required for this purpose now. Also, the actions required to carry out the manufacture of the spindle are greatly simplified so that the manufacture of such spindles is considerably facilitated.

A further object of the invention is to provide a spindle which will enable considerable savings in material, particularly when alloyed materials are used.

In accordance with my invention, the spindle is made from an elongated seamless tube which preferably has a maximum wall thickness on the order of 11 mm. The finished spindle is provided at one end with a connecting means to enable a drive to be transmitted through this connecting means, according to one of the important features of the invention, this connecting means may have an elastic yieldable property.

According to the method of the invention, the tube is axially fed while continuously rotated about its axis. Shaping jaws are radially pressed first inwardly against the tube and then retracted away from the tube while the latter is advanced through a given increment, whereupon ment thereof. However, the mass of such a flywheel must be kept down to an absolute minimum inasmuch as a large flywheel mass will cause a comparatively large amount of noise and is also a decisive factor in determining the life of the pump and the performance which it will provide.

It has therefore become known in the art to relieve the spindles of some part of the load normally carried thereby by boring away part of the material from the interior of the spindle. However, where spindles of large cross section are required the removal of material from the interior of the spindle is insuificient since a great part of the material remains with the screw-thread configuration of the spindle. As a result it becomes impossible to provide large spindle pumps because the peripheral or centrifugal forces of inertia of the spindle during oscillatory rotary movements become highly unfavorable.

Spindles of relatively small pumps can be produced from solid bars by suitably turning them on special machines or by giving them the required configuration these operations are repeated so that in this way there is achieved a tube of a predetermined desired configuration from which a section of a given length can be cut so as to then be able to have the connecting means joined to one end thereof.

The shaping jaws surround the axis along which the tube advances and have inner shaping faces directed toward this axis while being acted upon through a suitable means to be pressed inwardly toward the axis and retracted away from the latter. A spring means coacts with the jaws for urging them in one direction while a press can coact with the jaws to urge them in an opposed direction. The inner surfaces of the jaws define an elongated passage which is wider at its inlet end than at its outlet end in order to receive the tube while gradually providing the latter with the screw-shaped configuration which is required.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings which form part of this application and in which:

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional elevation of a pump spindle of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows a pump spindle of the invention provided with a different connecting means for connecting a drive thereto, also in a longitudinal sectional elevation;

FIG.- 3 is a schematic sectional elevation of an apparatus according to the invention, which may be used in the manufacture of the spindle of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional plan view of the structure of FIG. 3, taken along line 44 of FIG. 3;

FIG. is a sectional elevation of another embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention; and

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional elevation of yet a further embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The spindle, particularly for spindle pumps designed to pump liquids, consists, in accordance with the invention, of an elongated hollow tubular spindle shaft 11 manufactured from a seamless tube made in most cases of metal.

The tube is made of steel, non-ferrous metals, stainless materials, and the like, although it is also possible to use plastics in some cases. Of course, the external diameter of the tube will vary in accordance with the size of the pump. Also, the wall thickness of the tube varies. However, in order to meet the requirement of relieving the load on the spindle as much as possible it has been found, in accordance with the invention, that with most of the usual types of tube the maximum thickness of the wall of the tube need not be greater than 11 mm.

A means is provided for transmitting a drive to one end of the spindle shaft 11, and such means may have elastic properties as shown for the connecting means 12 in FIG. 1 or may be substantially rigid, as shown for the connecting means 13 of FIG. 2.

In the case of FIG. 2, the connecting means 113 is in the form of a rigid element which is welded directly onto one end of the spindle shaft 11 and which is provided with a threaded bore to receive a rotary motion-transmitting element of a drive well known in the art. However, it is also possible to provide, if desired, a threaded connection between a rigid connecting means similar to the connection means 13 and the tube 11, or a rigid connecting means may have a press fit within the spindle 11.

The elastic connecting means 12 of FIG. 1 includes an elastic insert 14, made, for example, of a suitable resilient elastomeric material, such as a suitable rubber. The insert is axially bored and can, when inserted into the end of the tube 11, be vulcanized directly thereto. An elongated spindle-driver 15 which, may be made of a rigid metal or the like extends through the axial bore of the insert 14. One or both of the ends of the driver 15 are provided with threaded bores 16, so that irrespective of the orientation of the driver 15 there will be available, at the exterior, a threaded bore to which a motion-transmitting element of a drive can be connected. These connections of the driving devices are not illustrated inasmuch as they are conventional and form no part of the invention.

The spindle driver 15 is formed with a transverse radial aperture \17 which flares outwardly at its opposed ends, in the manner shown in FIG. 1, so that a tapered aperture 17 of hourglass configuration is provided extending transversely through the driver 15. An elongated motiontransmitting pin 18 extends through the aperture 17, radially through aligned transverse openings formed in the elastic insert 14, and through aligned openings formed in diametrically opposed parts of the Wall of the tube 11. End portions of the pin 18 are exposed at the exterior of the spindle. The configuration of the aperture 17 enables the pin 18 and the driver 15 to have a certain amount of freedom to move with respect to each other so that the driver 15 need not at all times extend perpendicularly to the pin 18.

A means is also provided for securing the pin 18 in such a way that it will have no tendency to slip out. In the embodiment selected for illustration, this securement of the pin 18 is brought about by an annular elastic ring 19 which is drawn over the respective end portion of the spindle 111 and over the projecting end portions of the pin 18, the ring 19 not only pressing against the ends of the pin :18 so as to remain securely connected thereto but being also capable of providing a fluid-tight covering and closure of the openings through which the pin 18 extends. Thus, the openings in the wall of the spindle 11 through which the pin 18 extends are fluidtightly closed by the ring 19. Impurities are prevented from penetrating into the insert 14. Of course, it is also possible to situate the connecting means 12 at some other point of the spindle shaft 11 instead of at the end portion thereof.

The production of spindles according to the invention is brought about in such a way that the tubular product from which the screw spindle is manufactured is given the screw-shaped configuration in the shaping apparatus of the invention and according to the method of the invention. With the method and apparatus of the invention, the tube is rotated about its longitudinal axis as it is fed axially in steps so that between the feeding steps the tube is gripped by shaping jaws which press against the tube to give it the desired configuration.

The length of each feeding step is determined by the particular screw-threading achieved by the press in which the apparatus is mounted; The shaping operations take place along. lines similar to those performed in radial presses which are centrally tapered to provide a gradual shaping. In accordance with the prevailing particular technical conditions encountered, either a cold-shaping or a hot-shaping method can be used. The shaping is carried out in at least one operation in accordance with the requirements of dimensional tolerance of the spindle. By way of the continuous shaping method of the invention it is possible to achieve tubes of unlimited length, at least in theory. The actual shaping method can be followed by smoothing and polishing of the article which is to be formed into the final spindle. Thus, during continuous shaping, after a given length of properly shaped tubing issues from the apparatus, a section of predetermined length is cut therefrom to provide a spindle of the predetermined length, and then after smoothing and polishing, if desired, the connecting means is attached in the manner described above.

The shaping which is carried out in accordance with the invention is equivalent to a metallurgical treatment of the material to increase its strength and resistance to wear. As was pointed out above the connecting means 12 and 13 are connected either elastically, as in the case of connecting means 12, or rigidly as by welding, as in the case of the relatively rigid connecting means 13. Of course, in the case of connecting means 12, the rubber insert 14 is first introduced and vulcanized onto the tube in the interior thereof.

In order to provide the tubular pump spindle of the invention with the desired configuration it is shaped in a suitable apparatus, different embodiments of which are illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 6. Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 which show one possible embodiment, it will be seen that the illustrated structure includes a base plate 20 on which an exterior rigid body 21 is fixedly mounted as by suitable screws 38. The body 21 has an exterior cylindrical surface 39 and an interior tapered surface 23 of a frustoconical configuration. The smaller end of the tapered surface 23 is situated at the side of the base plate 20 and joins an enlarged cylindrical recess 22 formed between the tapered bore 23 and the base plate 20. The tapered bore 23 is centrally situated with respect to the cylindrical recess 22 so that the openings 22 and 23 have a common central axis.

A spring means of the apparatus is situated within the recess 22. In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, this spring means takes the form of an annular spring means 24 made in the form of an elastomeric body such as a circular rubber body which has a lower face resting directly on the base 20 and an upper face which carries a pressuretransmitting plate 25 that is of circular configuration and engages the lower ends of shaping jaws 27 which extend axially along the interior of the bore 23. It will be noted that in the lower portion of the jaws 27, shown in FIG. 3, a predetermined clearance 26 is provided between the plate 25 and the upper surface of recess 22 which extends radially from the lower end of the tapered bore 23.

There are three elongated shaping jaws 27 uniformly distributed about the common axis of components 20' and 21. At their inner surfaces 40 these shaping jaws 27 define an elongated helical cavity 28 of such configuration as will give the tubing which is worked on the desired shape. It will be noted that at its upper inlet end the passage 28 defined by the jaws 27 has an enlarged portion 29 which tapers inwardly and gradually becomes of a smaller diameter while at the lower discharge end 30 of the passage 28 defined by the jaws 27 the size of the passage corresponds to the required size of the shaped tubing which forms the spindle 11. Thus, the tube which is worked on to form the spindle 11 is fed by suitable increments downwardly through the passage 28 to issue through the bottom of the apparatus through a central aperture formed in the base plate 20.

The top end 31 of the shaping jaws defines the inlet end thereof and engages a ring 32 which transmits the pressure of the press to the jaws 27, the ring 32 being formed with a tapered inlet 33 through which the tube advances axially into the inlet 29 of the shaping passage 28 defined by the jaws 27. The pressure-transmitting ring 32 will absorb the force of the press and engage the upper inlet end surfaces 31 of the jaws.

Downwardly beyond the discharge end 30 of the shaping passage 28 a continuous outlet passage 34 is provided for the work, the passage 34 being defined by coaxial openings 34a and 34b of the plate 20 and 25, respectively, as well as by the central opening 34c of the spring ring 24. Thus, the spindle shaft 11 with its final configuration will pass through the aligned openings 34b, 34c and 34a to discharge from the apparatus.

The shaping jaws 27 are provided at their exterior surfaces With a tapered configuration matching the slope of the tapered surface 23. In addition, the shaping jaws have radial side surfaces which engage each other when the jaws are at their lower end positions illustrated in FIG. 3. When the press is retracted so as to move upwardly and release the pressure from the pressure-transmitting plate 32, the spring means 24 is free to expand so as to urge the plate 25 upwardly and thus advance the jaws 27 upwardly with respect to the work. At this time, the tubular work be advanced through a given increment because the jaws 27 are retracted radially away from the tube.

It will be seen that the jaws are provided at their flat side surfaces 35 (see FIG. 4) with aligned bores 41 which receive spreading springs 36 which spread the jaws apart from each other as they are advanced upwardly by the plate 25, thus enabling the inner working surfaces of the jaws to be retracted away from the work which can then be advanced through the required increment before the next downward movement of the plate 32 caused by the press. This downward movement again results in inward radial movement of the jaws to further shape the tubular workpiece due to the inward camming of the jaws provided by the coaction of the tapered surface 23 with the exterior inclined surfaces of the jaws 27.

According to the apparatus and method of the invention, the shaping of the tube is carried out in such a way that the tube is axially fed by steps while being continuously rotated, and the configuration of the shaping jaws 27 is such that upon raising of the jaws to release the work the latter will be rotated and axially advanced by a given increment. Then the jaws are again pressed inwardly against the work to continue the shaping thereof so that through these cycles there will issue from below the baseplate 20 a tubular spindle of the required configuration.

It is, of course, possible to provide different COIlStI'llC. tions of the apparatus of the invention. Thus, what amounts to a reversal of the arrangement of FIGS. 3 and 4 can be provided, as shown in FIG. 5. Referring to 6 FIG. 5, it will be seen that the slope of the frustoconical cavity of the body 21 is opposite to the slope of the surface 23. The slope of the exterior surfaces of the jaws 27' is also opposite to those of FIG. 3. It is to be noted that FIGS. 3 and S that the left jaw 27 and 27' -is shown at its surface 35 with spring-receiving bores 41. "With the arrangement of FIG. 5, similar aligned openings forming a passage 34' are provided through which the finished tube will discharge, and the passages 28 and 28' defined by the jaws 27 and 27, respectively, are similar.

However, in the case of FIG. 5 the radial inward pressing of the jaws is brought about during the upward stroke thereof as a result of the action of the spring 24' which is in the form of a heavy coil spring surrounding the central opening of the passage 34' through which the shaped tube will progress. This strong coil spring of FIG. 5 presses upwardly against the pressure-transmitting ring 25 which urges the jaws 27' upwardly so that in the case of FIG. 5 during this upward movement the jaws 27' will be pressed radially inwardly against the tube to work on the latter. In this case the press will also engage a pressure-transmitting plate similar to or identical with plate 32, which during the downward movement brings about the release of the jaws 27' from the work since the jaws 27' will now retract automatically away from the axis of the work due to the action of the springs 36 and the inclination of the tapered surfaces of the body 21 and the jaws 27. In this way it is possible with the construction shown in FIG. 5 to bring about a reverse of the operations and apparatus of FIGS. 3 and 4.

It is also possible to provide a construction according to which the shaping forces act directly against jaws in a radial direction, instead of providing a radial component of pressure resulting from the action of inclined surfaces. With such an arrangement the stepwise axial feeding of the tube is carried out dieifrently.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the outer body 21" is of a cylindrical configuration at its inner surface as well as at its exterior surface. With this embodiment, the several jaws 27 are carried by levers 37. A pair of levers 37 are pivotally connected to each of the jaws 27 as well as to the body 21" in the manner shown for the right jaw 27" of FIG. 6, so that in this way a parallelogram linkage is provided, maintaining the jaws 27" parallel to the vertical axis while being capable of advancing the jaws 27" toward and away from this vertical axis during turning of the levers 37. In this case it is also possible to provide at either end of the jaws 27" an advancing means for axially advancing the jaws and opposed means for retracting the jaws so that either the spring arrangement of FIG. 5 or that of FIG. 3 may be located at the bottom end of the jaws of FIG. 6, with the press acting on the top end thereof. Due to the levers 37, the radial movement of the jaws in both directions is precisely controlled and automatic movement can be derived directly from the press. The simple cylindrical interior of the body 21 will provide sufficient clearance for the movement of the jaws 27" so that they can advance axially while moving toward each other to press against the work and can then be retracted away from each other while axially advancing in an opposed direction Of course, instead of the elastic means 24 shown in FIG. 3 of the drawing it is possible to use metal spring components rather than rubber plates. Further, instead of tapered openings to coact with the jaws 27 or 27' it is possible to use wedge-shaped surfaces, cams eccentrics, or the like. Also apparatus is provided with a suitable device which feeds the tube axially by given increments while rotating the tube, and if desired suitable polishing devices may be provided for polishing the exterior surface of the tube after the working thereof so as to improve the quality of the work.

While the invention has been described above in connection with hollow tubes, when making spindles for relatively small pumps, it is also possible to work solid bars according to the process and with the apparatus of the invention. Such bars can be cold-worked or hot- Worked. All that is required is to select appropriate dimensions for the operating parts of the tool, taking-into consideration the quality of the material. The tubes or bars can be of any required length, and any deformable materials may be used such as steel, stainless materials, non-ferrous metals, plastics, or the like.

The method of the invention is particularly suitable for the production of pump spindles. It has the great advantage of reducing very substantially the cost of manufacture while accelerating the rate of production and achieving spindles of reduced weight.

In addition, the exterior surface of the tube manufactured in accordance with the invention has been metal lurgically worked so as to be of a high quality. The tubular spindles of the invention are relieved of their internal load because of the relatively small wall thickness and thus a relatively large interior space. As a result the tubular spindles of the invention are made of the minimum possible weight, which makes it possible to avoid undesirably large flywheel masses. Inasmuch as the mass of the flywheel used with the spindle of the invention can be very greatly reduced, as compared with conventional structures of comparable size, the life of the pumps of the invention are greatly increased, the noise produced by their operation is substantially eliminated, and the ably simplified.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for manufacturing a hollow tubular pump spindle of screw-shaped configuration, comprising at least two elongated jaws distributed about a predetermined axis, and being radially and axially movable with respect thereto, said jaws having inner surfaces directed toward said axis for providing a tube with predetermined helical configuration, said jaws when engaging each other defining an elongated passage in which a tube is shaped, said passage having an inlet end of a larger crosssection than an opposed outlet end wherefrom the tube issues with the predetermined configuration, means for guiding an elongated tube into said inlet end of the passage defined by said jaws and out through the outlet end thereof, means for axially displacing said jaws, and means acting on said 8 jaws to displace said jaws radially inward of said axis simultaneously with said axial displacement, whereby said jaws are caused to coact axially and radially with said tube to form said tube into a screw shaped configuration.

2. The combination of claim 1 and wherein an outer body surrounds said jaws and has an interior tapered surface, said jaws having exterior tapered surfaces coacting with said interior tapered surface of said body for displacing said jaws toward and away from each other in a response to axial movement thereof, and a spring means coacting with said jaws for urging them in a given axial direction.

3. The combination of claim 2 and wherein said jaws have side faces formed with aligned bores respectively receiving springs for urging said jaws apart from each other as they are axially displaced to location freeing the jaws for movement away from said axis.

4. The combination of claim 2 and wherein a circular plate engages said jaws at one end thereof, an apertured base plate carrying said body and forming an opening through which the finished tube issues, and said spring means being of annular configurationand engaging said base plate and said circular plate for urging the latter in said given axial direction.

5. The combination of claim 1 and wherein a body surrounds said jaws with clearance, and a pair of levers connected to said body and to each of said jaws for forming therewith a parallelogram linkage for maintaining said jaws parallel to said axis while displacing them toward and away from said axis during swinging of said levers.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,311,662 2/ 1943 Hunziker 2950 8 2,225,345 12/1940 Lamoreaux 72-402 1,483,038 2/1924 Zederbaum et al 72402 3,503,246 3/1970 Shiokawa 72370 3,335,594 8/1967 Peterman et al 29508 2,978,263 4/ 1961 Walsh et a1 29-5 17 CHARLES W. LANHAM, Primary Examiner M. J. KEENAN, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

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