US3604833A - Construction for cryogenic cables - Google Patents

Construction for cryogenic cables Download PDF

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Publication number
US3604833A
US3604833A US880995A US3604833DA US3604833A US 3604833 A US3604833 A US 3604833A US 880995 A US880995 A US 880995A US 3604833D A US3604833D A US 3604833DA US 3604833 A US3604833 A US 3604833A
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United States
Prior art keywords
strings
layer
stranded
cable construction
pipe
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US880995A
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English (en)
Inventor
August Beck
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Kabelmetal Electro GmbH
KM Kabelmetal AG
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KM Kabelmetal AG
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Priority claimed from DE19681812613 external-priority patent/DE1812613C/de
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Assigned to KABELMETAL ELECTRO GMBH, KABELKAMP 20, 3000 HANNOVER 1, GERMANY reassignment KABELMETAL ELECTRO GMBH, KABELKAMP 20, 3000 HANNOVER 1, GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: KABEL- UND METALLWERKE GUTEHOFFNUNGSHUTTE AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
    • H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
    • H01B12/08—Stranded or braided wires
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/884—Conductor
    • Y10S505/885—Cooling, or feeding, circulating, or distributing fluid; in superconductive apparatus
    • Y10S505/886—Cable

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arrangement for supporting one or several superconductors in the interior of a cryogenic cable.
  • Low-temperature cables also called cryogenic cables
  • the conductors in such a cable are disposed in the interior of a pipe or tube filled, for example, with liquid helium. Protection against inflow of heat from the environment if provided by means of one or more additional pipes concentrically receiving the pipe which contains the conductors and is filled with liquid helium.
  • additional pipes concentrically receiving the pipe which contains the conductors and is filled with liquid helium.
  • four concentrical pipes can be provided and arranged as follows: The space between the innermost pipe (containing the conductors) and the second one with next larger diameter is evacuated and a high vacuum is maintained during operation.
  • the space between the second pipe and the third pipe receiving the second one is, for example, filled with liquid nitrogen in order to provide a controlled distribution of the temperature gradient from the innermost tube toward the outer environment.
  • the space between the third and the last pipe receiving the third pipe is again evacuated, and the last outermost pipe is presumed to assume ambient temperature.
  • the conductors themselves for such a cable are known to include two concentrically disposed carriers, the inner carrier thereof has onits outer surface a layer of particularly superconductive material while the inner surface of the outer carrier is likewise provided with a layer of such a material. It is furthermore known, to use plural conductors in a divided, multiconductor system instead of a single conductor with comparatively large cross section; the conductors of the plurality have relative smaller cross section and are connected in parallel.
  • niobium and some niobium alloys and compounds have become known as being suitable superconductive material. Accordingly, the conductors themselves can be made of such a superconductive material. However, transmission of electrical energy is usually restricted to a thin layer near the surface of a conductor because of current displacement (skin effect). Therefore it suffices if a carrier is in fact provided with a thin layer of such a superconductive material.
  • the carrier will be of a different material, usually a less expensive one, and can be made of metal or plastic. Such a layer is provided onto the carrier by means of electrolysis or vapor depositing.
  • the superconductor can be a thin metal tape disposed on a suitable carrier.
  • the innermost one of a plurality of concentrically arranged pipe includes a cable system comprised of a plurality of twisted or stranded strings and the superconductor strings form a part of this twisted or stranded string arrangement.
  • the several stranded strings are preferably disposed around a core element.
  • This core element can be separately stranded rope or any other flexible element such as a tube.
  • Such a cable rope composed of a plurality of strings can actually be manufactured in a manner known per se from stranding conductors and as is known in the art of manufacturing cables in general.
  • Techniques for stranding cables generally have been developed which guarantee that particular strings have constant distance from each other over the entire extension of the stranded rope (cable).
  • superconductive strings are included in the stranded rope, they obtain constant distance from each other, and individually they have also a constant distance from the interior wall of the pipe of said concentric pipe system and into which the stranded string assembly (rope) is inserted because the rope has quite uniform diameter or, more precisely, constant overall cross sectional profile.
  • the conductors in the stranded assembly will have constant distance from these additional bundles, particularly if they are likewise constructed as a stranded string assembly.
  • the uniform positioning of the several superconductive strings included in the stranded arrangements is instrumental in obtaining uniform flow of liquid coolant in relation to and around the superconductor strings so that the conductor surface is constantly in contact with or close to the flowing medium, such as liquid helium, in order to obtain optimum cooling of the several superconductor strings on an overall as well as an incremental basis.
  • the individual strings constituting the stranded cable rope but other than the superconductors can be made of plastic strings with solid section. However, small plastic tubes can be used instead, and they can be used as additional conduits for the coolant.
  • the superconductors used in this arrangement-of stranded strings may have solid section but they, likewise, can be tubular.
  • the conductors can be provided as superconductive layer placed on a suitable carrier string, such as a plastic or metal string whereby the carrier may have solid section or tubular configuration.
  • a suitable carrier string such as a plastic or metal string whereby the carrier may have solid section or tubular configuration.
  • the term string shall be used regardless of the section, whether solid or tubular.
  • the conductor strings may form several layers and the strings of a particular layer may have similar or different diameters in order to match the geometric profile and dimensions of the surrounding pipe forming part of the cryogenic pipe systems as outlined above.
  • the conductors in such a stranded bundle of strings must have a particular distance
  • a core bundle or rope is made in layers by using twisting and stranding techniques and using strands or strings of insulating material of the type used conventionally for low-temperature cryogenic engineering. That central or core rope may already include several layers of stranded strings.
  • a layer of superconductive strings is placed and stranded on top of such a core rope whereby, however, the stranding includes the providing of additional insulating strings or thread, respectively interposed between but in the same layer as the superconductive strings.
  • These insulating threads or strings serve as spacer, and they should have the same diameter as the superconductors so that the latter becomes firmly positioned on the core.
  • the number and dimension of the insulating spacer strings interposed between respective two of the superconductor strings defines and establishes a definite distance between them.
  • the bundle thus produced forms a rope upon which another insulating thread is wound to establish another layer for holding the bundle or rope previously produced together.
  • the diameter of that latter string or thread determines the distance of the superconductive strings to the inner wall of the pipe into which the stranded string arrangement thus produced is to be inserted, of, if there are other bundles, this outer thread layer determines the position and relative distance of such a bundle in relation to others of similar or different type.
  • a core bundle made of solid section individual insulating thread or strings one could use tubular ones or one could dispense with employing a core bundle entirely and use a single pipe for serving as core upon which the stranded arrangement of superconductors and insulating thread is being placed.
  • This pipe, as well as the pipes used to establish the cryogenic cable may be corrugated; it can be made of plastic, i.e., it should be made of or be covered by electrical insulation in case a layer containing superconductive strings is directly wound thereon.
  • the superconductive strings can be insulated against the central pipe by a layer of insulating strings wound on the central tube and interposed between the inner pipe and the layer which includes the superconductors.
  • the inner pipe can also be made of metal.
  • This central pipe may serve as principle conduit for the cryogenic coolant and it may have bores extending in longitudinal direction so that the coolant running through this central pipe can also pass into the ring space defined by that pipe and the pipe into which the stranded bundle is inserted and which contains the stranded superconductors.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view into the interior of a cryogenic cable constructed in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section through the cable shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3 through 7 illustrate similar cross sections through stranded ropes which include differently constructed superconductive elements and/or insulating strings, constituting additional embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is illustrated a pipe I.
  • This pipe is assumed to be the innermost one of a plurality of concentrically arranged pipes serving for thermal insulation and for establishing a controlled temperature gradient to the environment in a manner outlined in the introduction.
  • the pipe 1 is illustrated as a smooth pipe, but it can in fact be a corrugated one.
  • Pipe 1 has two functions, first it serves as an enclosure for one or several superconductors proper 2, and, secondly, it serves, as conduit for a suitable cryogenic coolant for establishing and maintaining the superconductive state in the superconductors.
  • pipe 1 serves as a passage or conduit for liquid helium.
  • a steady flow of coolant around the superconductors 2 is maintained in pipe 1 through external means.
  • the temperature maintained in the interior of pipe 1 is about 4 Kelvin which is sufficient to maintain suitable superconductors in the superconductive state.
  • superconductors made of niobium alloy are used and form part of the string system which is disposed in and extends along the interior of pipe 1.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there are shown three superconductors 2 which are solid section strings made of such a superconductive material.
  • a core string 3 made of suitable cryogenic insulation and serving as core for a first layer of strings or thread 4 likewise made of insulating material, preferably of the same material.
  • Strings 4 have been stranded to be twisted in a particular direction or sense of winding.
  • the figure shows a single layer of strings 4, but several layers could be provided.
  • the thus-formed core is provided with another layer which includes a plurality of stranded strings, the twist thereof being reversed relative to the stranded core.
  • This second layer includes additional insulating strings 5 but it also includes the conductor strings 2 whereby in-between respective two strings of superconductive material there are provided, for example, three insulating spacer strings 5.
  • the particular selection of the number of insulating spacer strings depends upon the chosen diameter for the strings and determines the distance between adjacent two of the conductors 2.
  • the superconductive strings 2 stranded with insulating threads 5 are shown in FIG. 2 as having solid section. As stated, such a string 2 is actually a wire made of a niobium alloy. However, it is possible and frequently of particular advantage to construct the superconductors themselves as little tubes. Such tubes 7 are shown in FIG. 3. These tubes can be included in stranding of the several strings in exactly the same manner.
  • the insulating strings 3, 4 and 5 in FIG. 3 have solid section as in FIG. 2. The overall construction as shown in FIG. 1 is similarly applicable to the arrangement of FIG. 3.
  • the superconductor proper is constituted by a tubular layer of superconductive material 9, disposed on a string like carrier 8 made, for example, of insulating material or any other nonsuperconductive material.
  • the conductor strings thus formed are included in the stranding process to establish a cable system as shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a cable construction wherein plastic or metal tubes 10 serve as carrier upon which respectively superconductive layers 11 are deposited.
  • the thus-formed superconductor strings are also included in a stranded string arrangement forming a rope or bundle as shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown an arrangement in which the insulating strings differ.
  • These insulating strings are actually tubes 15 and the interior of the tubes is preferably included as passageway for the liquid coolant.
  • the superconductors are shown again as solid section, superconductive wires, but any of the other superconductor constructions as shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 can be used.
  • FIG. 7 there is illustrated a tubular core 13 serving as principal conduit for the coolant, to supply ample cryogenic liquid in free flow to all portions of the possibly, rather long cable.
  • the tube has apertures to permit filling the space between it and tube 1 with coolant.
  • the stranded string layer which includes superconductive wires 2 is wound on top of tube 13. Also, that layer is held together by a string 6, hclically wound on the layer which includes wires 2 but at reversed twist.
  • the superconductive elements could be similar to those in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, and the insulating spacer strings could be tubes such as shown in FIG. 6.
  • Construction for cryogenic cables which includes a pipe as enclosure for superconductive means, comprising a first plurality of individual superconductive strings in the pipe, and
  • Cable construction as in claim 1 including a core, supporting a layer of stranded strings which includes strings of the first and second pluralities.
  • Cable construction as in claim 1 including a stranded string core, and a layer of stranded strings thereon which includes strings of the pluralities.
  • Cable construction as in claim 1 at least some strings of the first plurality including a tubular carrier of nonsuperconductive material with a layer of superconductive material.
  • the rope including a core, the core being comprised of a tube, there being at least one layer of stranded strings on the core, the strings pertaining to the first and second pluralities.
  • the strings of the first plurality pertaining to a layer of strings which includes spacer strings of the second plurality, the strings of the layer having similar twist.
  • Cable construction as I claim 1 at least some strings of the first plurality including a tubular solid carrier of nonsuperconductive material with a layer of superconductive material.

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  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
US880995A 1968-12-04 1969-11-28 Construction for cryogenic cables Expired - Lifetime US3604833A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681812613 DE1812613C (de) 1968-12-04 Anordnung zur Halterung eines oder meh rerer supraleitfähiger Leiterstrange im Innern eines tiefstgekuhlten Kabels

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US3604833A true US3604833A (en) 1971-09-14

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US880995A Expired - Lifetime US3604833A (en) 1968-12-04 1969-11-28 Construction for cryogenic cables

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US (1) US3604833A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5113867B1 (ja)
AT (1) AT293506B (ja)
BE (1) BE742120A (ja)
FR (1) FR2025244A1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1225080A (ja)
NL (1) NL6918028A (ja)
SU (1) SU553946A3 (ja)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4080543A (en) * 1973-11-21 1978-03-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Winding assembly of gap winding type electric rotary machines
US4336420A (en) * 1979-06-05 1982-06-22 Bbc, Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Superconducting cable
US4394534A (en) * 1980-01-14 1983-07-19 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Cryogenic cable and method of making same
US4397807A (en) * 1980-01-14 1983-08-09 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Method of making cryogenic cable
US4626614A (en) * 1984-06-15 1986-12-02 Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Gas cooled current lead for superconducting machine
EP1223590A2 (en) * 2001-01-15 2002-07-17 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd Method of manufacturing superconducting cable
US20060272847A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2006-12-07 Arnaud Allais Superconductor cable
US20080121411A1 (en) * 2004-12-01 2008-05-29 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Superconductive Cable
CN106683767A (zh) * 2015-11-10 2017-05-17 李聪 一种抗震电缆
US10766374B2 (en) * 2018-09-17 2020-09-08 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Motor vehicle charging cable
CN112470239A (zh) * 2018-07-19 2021-03-09 贝卡尔特公司 具有绞捻结构的超导体
US20230197312A1 (en) * 2021-07-15 2023-06-22 Spr Therapeutics, Inc. Fracture resistant stimulation lead

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2649529B1 (fr) * 1989-07-04 1991-09-20 Alsthom Gec Conducteur supraconducteur a brins multiples transposes a canaux internes de refroidissement, et son procede de fabrication
DE4108445A1 (de) * 1991-03-15 1992-09-17 Abb Patent Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung von draehten
ITMI20060257A1 (it) * 2006-02-13 2007-08-14 Tratos Cavi S P A Cavo superconduttore

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2879317A (en) * 1957-10-24 1959-03-24 John S Wreford Liquid-cooled obstruction-bypassing welding cable
US3106600A (en) * 1960-06-13 1963-10-08 Gen Electric Liquid cooled transmission line
US3187235A (en) * 1962-03-19 1965-06-01 North American Aviation Inc Means for insulating superconducting devices
US3293009A (en) * 1962-05-08 1966-12-20 Nat Res Corp Niobium stannide superconductor product
US3444307A (en) * 1966-03-23 1969-05-13 Siemens Ag Cooling system for superconductive or cryogenic structures
US3448222A (en) * 1967-12-07 1969-06-03 Henry Greber Aerial conductor

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS413157Y1 (ja) * 1965-06-14 1966-02-23

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2879317A (en) * 1957-10-24 1959-03-24 John S Wreford Liquid-cooled obstruction-bypassing welding cable
US3106600A (en) * 1960-06-13 1963-10-08 Gen Electric Liquid cooled transmission line
US3187235A (en) * 1962-03-19 1965-06-01 North American Aviation Inc Means for insulating superconducting devices
US3293009A (en) * 1962-05-08 1966-12-20 Nat Res Corp Niobium stannide superconductor product
US3444307A (en) * 1966-03-23 1969-05-13 Siemens Ag Cooling system for superconductive or cryogenic structures
US3448222A (en) * 1967-12-07 1969-06-03 Henry Greber Aerial conductor

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4080543A (en) * 1973-11-21 1978-03-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Winding assembly of gap winding type electric rotary machines
US4336420A (en) * 1979-06-05 1982-06-22 Bbc, Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Superconducting cable
US4394534A (en) * 1980-01-14 1983-07-19 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Cryogenic cable and method of making same
US4397807A (en) * 1980-01-14 1983-08-09 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Method of making cryogenic cable
US4626614A (en) * 1984-06-15 1986-12-02 Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Gas cooled current lead for superconducting machine
EP1223590A2 (en) * 2001-01-15 2002-07-17 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd Method of manufacturing superconducting cable
EP1223590A3 (en) * 2001-01-15 2003-02-05 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd Method of manufacturing superconducting cable
US6718618B2 (en) 2001-01-15 2004-04-13 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Method of manufacturing superconducting cable
US8039742B2 (en) 2004-12-01 2011-10-18 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Superconductive cable
US20080121411A1 (en) * 2004-12-01 2008-05-29 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Superconductive Cable
US20060272847A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2006-12-07 Arnaud Allais Superconductor cable
US7709742B2 (en) * 2005-04-27 2010-05-04 Nexans Superconductor cable
CN106683767A (zh) * 2015-11-10 2017-05-17 李聪 一种抗震电缆
CN106803445A (zh) * 2015-11-10 2017-06-06 李聪 一种抗震电缆
CN112470239A (zh) * 2018-07-19 2021-03-09 贝卡尔特公司 具有绞捻结构的超导体
US10766374B2 (en) * 2018-09-17 2020-09-08 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Motor vehicle charging cable
US20230197312A1 (en) * 2021-07-15 2023-06-22 Spr Therapeutics, Inc. Fracture resistant stimulation lead
US11742106B2 (en) * 2021-07-15 2023-08-29 Spr Therapeutics, Inc. Fracture resistant stimulation lead

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT293506B (de) 1971-10-11
DE1812613B2 (ja) 1970-12-03
FR2025244A1 (ja) 1970-09-04
DE1812613A1 (de) 1970-07-02
GB1225080A (ja) 1971-03-17
JPS5113867B1 (ja) 1976-05-04
NL6918028A (ja) 1970-06-08
BE742120A (ja) 1970-05-04
SU553946A3 (ru) 1977-04-05

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Owner name: KABELMETAL ELECTRO GMBH, KABELKAMP 20, 3000 HANNOV

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:KABEL- UND METALLWERKE GUTEHOFFNUNGSHUTTE AG;REEL/FRAME:004284/0182