US3604641A - Apparatus for hydraulic crushing - Google Patents

Apparatus for hydraulic crushing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3604641A
US3604641A US7853A US3604641DA US3604641A US 3604641 A US3604641 A US 3604641A US 7853 A US7853 A US 7853A US 3604641D A US3604641D A US 3604641DA US 3604641 A US3604641 A US 3604641A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sample container
electrodes
clamping
lid
capacitors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US7853A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph Dodman Wilson
Bertram Reginald Donoghue
John Lester Waddingham
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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Publication date
Application filed by UK Atomic Energy Authority filed Critical UK Atomic Energy Authority
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Publication of US3604641A publication Critical patent/US3604641A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy

Definitions

  • the apparatus is for crushing samples in preparation for analysis.
  • a support vessel receives and supports a comparatively thin walled sample container, which may be filled and sealed separately from the crushing apparatus.
  • a clamp clamps the sample container in the support vessel and effects electrical connection between electrodes molded in situ in the sample container and plates connected across capacitors for providing high-voltage pulses.
  • the thin walled sample container is disposable so that cross-contamination is avoided by using a new sample container for each sample to be crushed.
  • the invention relates to apparatus for electrohydraulic crushing of samples for analysis.
  • a spark discharge taking place in a liquid causes intense shock waves to be set up in the liquid and, in electrohydraulic crushing, it is these shock waves which are used for crushing materialin the liquid.
  • the technique is particularly useful .for crushing hard materials such as carbides or oxides which are difficult to crush by conventional techniques.
  • the present invention is based upon the appreciation that by making provision for avoiding or controlling contamination, the electrohydraulic crushing technique is particularly suitable for preparing samples of material, difficult to crush by conventional techniques, for subsequent analysis.
  • the invention provides apparatus for electrohydraulic crushing of samples for analysis, which apparatus comprises a support adapted to receive a separately formed sample container having spaced electrodes therein, means for clamping the sample container in the support, and means for connecting the electrodes across a high-voltage source.
  • the apparatus is constructed and arranged so that a sample container is supported over the whole, or substantially the whole, of its outer surface, whereby the sample container is supported against the explosive forces of electrohydraulic crushing therewithin.
  • the sample container may thus be constructed of thin material such as may conveniently. be disposed of after use in crushing one sample. A new sample container may therefore be used for each analysis and the possibility for cross-contamination significantly reduced.
  • the support comprises a vessel, the internal shapeand dimensions of which correspond with the exterior shape and dimensions ofthe sample container.
  • the clamping means includes a member which overlies the lid of a sample container when positioned in the support, the arrangement being such that the clamping pressure when applied,
  • the arrangement is such that the clamping means simultaneously serves to press the lid as aforesaid and to press into electrical contact with the electrodes electrical contact members adapted for electrical connection to the high voltage source.
  • the high-voltage source provides'high-voltage pulses and comprises one or more capacitors, means for charging the capacitors and means for intermittently discharging the capacitors through the electrodes of a sample container clamped in the apparatus.
  • the means for intermittently discharging the capacitors comprises an air, or other gas, gap between further electrodes in series with the electrodes of the samplecontainer.
  • the invention also provides apparatus for electrohydraulic crushing of samples for analysis comprising opposed rigidly supported electrically conducting plates, one of which has an aperture therethrough, one or morecapacitors disposed between the plates and electrically connected across the plates, a support vessel of electrically insulating material received in the said aperture and having a flange overlying part of the plate, clamping means comprising a member adapted to overlie the lid of a sample container supported in the support vessel, and means for pressing the clamping member towards the said apertured plate, an electrical contact member provided in the support vessel and electrically connected, preferably via a switchable means such as an airgap, to the other of the said plates, an electrical contact member provided in or by the clamping member, the arrangement being such that when clamping pressure is applied with a sample container supported in the support-vessel,the clamping member applies sealing pressure to the lid of the sample container and electrical contact making pressure between electrodes in the sample container and the respective electrical contact members.
  • the invention includes a sample container for samples to be electrohydraulically crushed prior to analysis, which container comprises electrodes around which plastics material is molded, preferably injection molded, to form the container.
  • the apparatus is for electrohydraulic crushing of small quantities of material for subsequent analysis.
  • the apparatus comprises two circular brass plates 11 and 12 between which are arranged five capacitors in a ring. Two of these capacitors 13, 14 are visible in the drawing. Each of the capacitors has a working voltage of 60 kv. and a capacity of 0.005 microfarads.
  • the capacitors are mechanically secured between the plates 11 and 12 and are electrically connected across these plates.
  • the plate 11 forms an earthed plate and means is provided at 15 for connecting the plate 12 to an l-LT. supply through a charging resistor (not shown).
  • the plate 11 has a centrally located aperture in which is received a support vessel 16.
  • the support vessel 16 is cylindrical with an outside diameter of 2 inches and has an annular flange 17, of outside diameter 3 inches, for overlying the plate 1 l to locate and support the support vessel 16 in the aperture in the plate 11.
  • the overall length of the support vessel l6' is, in this example, 2 7/16 inches and the upper end (as seen in the drawing) has an internal bore 18 of diameter 1 H2 inches extending 1 1/8 inches along the length of the support vessel 16.
  • the bore 18 tapers to a bore 19 of diameter 7/ l 6 inches.
  • a bore 21 of diameter 5/ 16 inches extends from the bottom end (as seen in the drawing) of the support vessel 16 into the bore 19, leaving an annular shoulder between the bores 19 and 21.
  • the support vessel 16 is formed from an acetyl based plasticsv material such as Delrin (registered trade mark) by injectionmolding.
  • a brass electrical contact member 22 Extending out of the bore 21 in the support vessel 16 is -a brass electrical contact member 22 which is retained by its head 23 engaging the shoulder between the bores 19 and 21,
  • the brass contact member 22 is screw-threaded and has screwed on to it a dome-shaped electrode 24.
  • a similarly dome-shaped electrode 25 Disposed opposite this electrode 24 is a similarly dome-shaped electrode 25 screwed into the plate 12.
  • the electrodes 24 and 25 both comprise brass in this example and define an airgap between them, the width of which is adjustable, to a limited extent, by-- screwing the electrode 24 up or down-the contact member 22.
  • the electrodes 24 and 25 and the airgap at 26 are enclosed within a tube of plastics material 27'which extends fromthe bottom of the support vessel 16 to the plate 12.
  • a sample container 28 Received within the support vessel 16 is a sample container 28 which comprises a comparatively thin-walled container, the external shape and dimensions of which correspond to the internal shape and dimensions of the support vessel 16.
  • the container is formed by injection molding from an acetyl based plastics material which, like that of the supportvessel 16, may be Delrin (registered trade mark).
  • Delrin registered trade mark
  • the wall thickness of the sample container 28 is approximately Aainches.
  • an electrode 29 Secured in the bottom of the container 28 is an electrode 29. The electrode 29 is secured in position by molding the container 28 around the electrode in situ in the mold.
  • the container 28 has an outwardly projecting annular flange 31 at the top for overlying the top of the support vessel
  • the container 28 has a lid 32, also injection molded from acetyl based plastics material.
  • the lid 32 is injection molded around an electrode 33 in situ in the mold.
  • a sealing ring 34 is located in an annular groove in the part of the lid 32 which abuts against the outwardly protruding flange 31 of the sample container 28.
  • a cylindrical brass cap 35 fits over the sample container 28 and is adapted to be pressed into firm contact with the plate 1 1 by a toggle clamp 36.
  • the dimensions of the support vessel 16 and the sample container 28 are arranged so that when the cap 35 is so clamped, the top of the cap 35 applies pressure upon the lid 32 to effect a firm seal between the lid 32 and the container 28 and also to make electrical contact from the plate 11 via the cap 35 to the electrode 33.
  • the pressure is also transmitted through the sample container 28 to the electrode 29 to press this into contact with the contact member 22.
  • the brass cap 35 provides an electrical contact member for the top electrode 33.
  • a safety device 38 comprises an electrically conducting rod 39 slidable through an aperture near the edge of plate 11 and having a contact member at 41 aligned with a contact member 42 on the plate 12.
  • a spring 43 biases the rod 39 in a sense tending to bring the contact members 41 and 42 into contact with one another.
  • a sample to be crushed is contained, together with a suitable liquid, usually water, within the sample container 28 clamped in position.
  • the l-LT. supply at 15 is switched on so that the capacitors 13, 14 begin to charge up.
  • the airgap 26 operates as a triggerable switch which triggers when the voltage appearing across it becomes high enough for disruptive discharge to occur across the airgap. When this happens, discharge across the electrodes 29 and 33 in the liquid in the sample container 28 is initiated and continues until the capacitors are discharged to an extent such that the arc discharge across the airgap 26 can no longer be maintained. Recharging then commences and the cycle repeats.
  • the sample container 28 with its lid 32 comprises a scalable enclosure readily removable from or insertable into the apparatus.
  • a container 28 may be filled with a sample at some remote location and sealed for subsequent treatment in the apparatus and, if desired, removed to a remote location before unsealing after crushing has been carried out.
  • the removable sample container 28 and lid 32 does not have to be sufficiently robust to withstand explosive forces of the electrohydraulic crushing.
  • the container-28 and lid 32 may be made thin enough and small enough to comprise an item which it is reasonable todispose of after using only once in the apparatus.
  • the dimensions of the container 28 and lid 32 are chosen so that the container isself-supporting.
  • An important advantage of this example which provides a disposable sample container is that the risk of cross-contamination from one sample to the next is avoided or reduced.
  • the material for the electrodes 33 and 29 is chosen according to the elements which are to be searched for in the sample for analysis and also depending upon the method in which the sample is to be analyzed.
  • the electrode material must, of course, not comprise hard or brittle material likely to be seriously damaged by the electrical discharge.
  • the material selected for the electrodes 29 and 33 of the electrohydraulic crusher will be high purity copper. Another material frequently employed istitani um.
  • an earthed casing encloses all the components below the plate 11.-
  • the clamping system and the support vessel 16 are accessible on the top of the casing, without having to lift a lid.
  • the clamping system comprises a clamp arm, pivoted on one side of the support vessel to a releasable locking mechanism.
  • a downwardly extending toothed arm on the end of the clamp arm remote from the pivot is engageable in the releasable locking mechanism, which is fixed to the casing. Pressure is applied manually to the clamp arm and is maintained by the engagement of the toothed arm in the releasable locking mechanism.
  • the releasable locking mechanism can be released only with a special key, the releasing movement of which is also operative to earth the lower plate 12.
  • the same key is used for turning on a separate switch to the high-voltage power supply. The key cannot be removed from this switch without turning it off. Thus, the clamp cannot be released without turning off the power supply and discharging the capacitors.
  • the material of the support vessel 16 and sample container 28 need not necessarily comprise Delrin (registered trade mark) but may for example comprise any other tough, shock-resistant, nonconducting and noncontaminating material such as, for example, nylon.
  • Apparatus for electrohydraulic crushing of samples for analysis which apparatus comprises support means for supporting a separately formed sample container comprising a lid and a body and having spaced electrodes therein, means for clamping the sample container in the support, and means for connecting the electrodes across a high-voltage source.
  • the support comprises a vessel, the internal shape and dimensions of which correspond with the exterior shape and dimensions of the sample container.
  • clamping means includes a member which overlies the lid of the sample container when positioned in the support vessel, the clamping pressure serving to press the lid of the sample container into tightly sealed engagement with the sample container body.
  • the high-voltage source provides high-voltage pulses and comprises one or more capacitors, means for charging the capacitors and means for intermittently discharging the capacitors through the electrodes of a sample container clamped in the apparatus.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the means for intermittently discharging the capacitors comprises a gas gap between further electrodes in series with the electrodes of the sample container.
  • Apparatus for electrohydraulic crushing of samples for analysis comprising opposed rigidly supported electrically conducting plates, one of which has an aperture therethrough,
  • clamping means comprising a member adapted to overlie the lid of a sample container supported in the support vessel, and means for pressing the clamping member towards the said apertured plate, an electrical contact member provided in the support vessel and electrically connected to the other of the said plates, an electrical contact member provided by the clamping member, whereby when clamping pressure is applied with a sample con-

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
US7853A 1969-02-10 1970-02-02 Apparatus for hydraulic crushing Expired - Lifetime US3604641A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB716869 1969-02-10

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GB (1) GB1289121A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030168336A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2003-09-11 Downer Anthony Charles Gas sensor assembly and method
WO2005032722A1 (de) * 2003-10-04 2005-04-14 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Aufbau einer elektrodynamischen fraktionieranlage
WO2008017172A1 (de) * 2006-08-11 2008-02-14 Selfrag Ag Verfahren zur fragmentierung von material mittels hochspannungsentladungen
WO2008113189A1 (de) * 2007-03-16 2008-09-25 Selfrag Ag Probenbehälter und anordnung zur elektrodynamischen fragmentierung von proben
US20090236142A1 (en) * 2006-03-30 2009-09-24 Selfrag Ag Method for Grounding A High Voltage Electrode
RU2392053C1 (ru) * 2006-03-30 2010-06-20 Зельфраг Аг Способ заземления высоковольтного электрода
FR2953593A1 (fr) * 2009-12-08 2011-06-10 Brgm Procede de preparation d'une carotte de charbon
WO2013060403A1 (de) * 2011-10-26 2013-05-02 Adensis Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerlegen eines recyclinggutes
US20180353968A1 (en) * 2015-02-27 2018-12-13 Selfrag Ag Method and device for fragmenting and/or weakening pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges
EP3677200A1 (en) 2016-07-21 2020-07-08 Soliton, Inc. Rapid pulse electrohydraulic (eh) shockwave generator apparatus with improved electrode lifetime
US10730054B2 (en) * 2015-02-27 2020-08-04 Selfrag Ag Method and device for fragmenting and/or weakening pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges
US11229575B2 (en) 2015-05-12 2022-01-25 Soliton, Inc. Methods of treating cellulite and subcutaneous adipose tissue
US11794040B2 (en) 2010-01-19 2023-10-24 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System Apparatuses and systems for generating high-frequency shockwaves, and methods of use
US11813477B2 (en) 2017-02-19 2023-11-14 Soliton, Inc. Selective laser induced optical breakdown in biological medium
US11865371B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2024-01-09 The Board of Regents of the University of Texas Syster Apparatus for generating therapeutic shockwaves and applications of same
US12097162B2 (en) 2019-04-03 2024-09-24 Soliton, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods of treating tissue and cellulite by non-invasive acoustic subcision
US12138487B2 (en) 2016-03-23 2024-11-12 Soliton, Inc. Pulsed acoustic wave dermal clearing system and method

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2120579B (en) * 1982-05-21 1985-07-10 De Beers Ind Diamond Method and apparatus for crushing materials such as minerals
RU2149688C1 (ru) * 1999-01-18 2000-05-27 Военный инженерно-технический университет Устройство для активации цемента
CN105728145B (zh) * 2016-04-21 2018-01-26 广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室 一种用于组织磨样的磨样器

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3208674A (en) * 1961-10-19 1965-09-28 Gen Electric Electrothermal fragmentation
US3352503A (en) * 1964-02-06 1967-11-14 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Apparatus for electro-hydraulic crushing
US3529776A (en) * 1968-04-15 1970-09-22 Gepipari Fovallalkozo Kisipari Method and apparatus for comminuting metals in an electric arc

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3208674A (en) * 1961-10-19 1965-09-28 Gen Electric Electrothermal fragmentation
US3352503A (en) * 1964-02-06 1967-11-14 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Apparatus for electro-hydraulic crushing
US3529776A (en) * 1968-04-15 1970-09-22 Gepipari Fovallalkozo Kisipari Method and apparatus for comminuting metals in an electric arc

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7282168B2 (en) * 2000-04-26 2007-10-16 City Technology Limited Gas sensor assembly and method
US20030168336A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2003-09-11 Downer Anthony Charles Gas sensor assembly and method
US7677486B2 (en) 2003-10-04 2010-03-16 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Assembly of an electrodynamic fractionating unit
WO2005032722A1 (de) * 2003-10-04 2005-04-14 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Aufbau einer elektrodynamischen fraktionieranlage
CN1863601B (zh) * 2003-10-04 2013-02-06 卡尔斯鲁厄研究中心股份有限公司 电动式破碎设备
US8071876B2 (en) 2006-03-30 2011-12-06 Selfrag Ag Method for grounding a high voltage electrode
US20090236142A1 (en) * 2006-03-30 2009-09-24 Selfrag Ag Method for Grounding A High Voltage Electrode
RU2392053C1 (ru) * 2006-03-30 2010-06-20 Зельфраг Аг Способ заземления высоковольтного электрода
WO2008017172A1 (de) * 2006-08-11 2008-02-14 Selfrag Ag Verfahren zur fragmentierung von material mittels hochspannungsentladungen
RU2422207C2 (ru) * 2007-03-16 2011-06-27 Зельфраг Аг Устройство для электродинамической фрагментации образцов
AU2007349730B2 (en) * 2007-03-16 2011-08-25 Selfrag Ag Sample holder and assembly for the electrodynamic fragmentation of samples
WO2008113189A1 (de) * 2007-03-16 2008-09-25 Selfrag Ag Probenbehälter und anordnung zur elektrodynamischen fragmentierung von proben
US8138952B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2012-03-20 Selfrag Ag Sample holder and assembly for the electrodynamic fragmentation of samples
JP4914506B2 (ja) * 2007-03-16 2012-04-11 ゼルフラーク アクチエンゲゼルシャフト 試料の電気力学的な断片化のための装置
JP2010521682A (ja) * 2007-03-16 2010-06-24 ゼルフラーク アクチエンゲゼルシャフト 試料容器並びに試料の電気力学的な断片化のための装置
US20100025240A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2010-02-04 Selfrag Ag Sample holder and assembly for the electrodynamic fragmentation of samples
FR2953593A1 (fr) * 2009-12-08 2011-06-10 Brgm Procede de preparation d'une carotte de charbon
WO2011070248A1 (fr) * 2009-12-08 2011-06-16 Brgm Procede de preparation d'une carotte de charbon
US11794040B2 (en) 2010-01-19 2023-10-24 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System Apparatuses and systems for generating high-frequency shockwaves, and methods of use
US11865371B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2024-01-09 The Board of Regents of the University of Texas Syster Apparatus for generating therapeutic shockwaves and applications of same
WO2013060403A1 (de) * 2011-10-26 2013-05-02 Adensis Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerlegen eines recyclinggutes
US10399085B2 (en) 2011-10-26 2019-09-03 Impulstec Gmbh Method and apparatus for decomposing a recyclate
US10730054B2 (en) * 2015-02-27 2020-08-04 Selfrag Ag Method and device for fragmenting and/or weakening pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges
US10919045B2 (en) * 2015-02-27 2021-02-16 Selfrag Ag Method and device for fragmenting and/or weakening pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges
US20180353968A1 (en) * 2015-02-27 2018-12-13 Selfrag Ag Method and device for fragmenting and/or weakening pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges
US11229575B2 (en) 2015-05-12 2022-01-25 Soliton, Inc. Methods of treating cellulite and subcutaneous adipose tissue
US12138487B2 (en) 2016-03-23 2024-11-12 Soliton, Inc. Pulsed acoustic wave dermal clearing system and method
EP3677200A1 (en) 2016-07-21 2020-07-08 Soliton, Inc. Rapid pulse electrohydraulic (eh) shockwave generator apparatus with improved electrode lifetime
US11857212B2 (en) 2016-07-21 2024-01-02 Soliton, Inc. Rapid pulse electrohydraulic (EH) shockwave generator apparatus with improved electrode lifetime
US11813477B2 (en) 2017-02-19 2023-11-14 Soliton, Inc. Selective laser induced optical breakdown in biological medium
US12097162B2 (en) 2019-04-03 2024-09-24 Soliton, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods of treating tissue and cellulite by non-invasive acoustic subcision

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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