US3603221A - Multilayered structure - Google Patents

Multilayered structure Download PDF

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US3603221A
US3603221A US771993A US3603221DA US3603221A US 3603221 A US3603221 A US 3603221A US 771993 A US771993 A US 771993A US 3603221D A US3603221D A US 3603221DA US 3603221 A US3603221 A US 3603221A
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membrane
multilayered structure
ethylene
parts
propylene
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US771993A
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Robert Hall Barton
Martin Luther Brown
Andrew Mitchell
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/08—Damp-proof or other insulating layers; Drainage arrangements or devices ; Bridge deck surfacings
    • E01D19/083—Waterproofing of bridge decks; Other insulations for bridges, e.g. thermal ; Bridge deck surfacings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
    • C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/16—Ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/32—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of courses of different kind made in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/32—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of courses of different kind made in situ
    • E01C7/325—Joining different layers, e.g. by adhesive layers; Intermediate layers, e.g. for the escape of water vapour, for spreading stresses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
    • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials

Definitions

  • MULTILAYERED STRUCTURE ABSTRACT A multilayered structure com risin a base su m 1 Drawing port, an unvulcanized elastomeric membrzne a t least 0.55
  • the base support is UNITED T T PATENTS normally Portland cement concrete
  • the intermediate layer is 1,862,0ll 6/1932 Gage 94/24 the elastomeric membrane
  • the exposed cover layer is 2,210,252 8/ 1940 Neeld 14/73 asphaltic concrete.
  • PATENTEUSEP Hm 3.603221 INVENTORS ROBERT HALL BARRON MARTIN LUTHER BROWN ANDREW MITCHELL MULTILAYERED STRUCTURE FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention relates to the use of elastomers in a multilayered structure particularly useful in highway and bridge construction.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 1,512,125 discloses a process of making a monolithic roadbed by cleaning, drying and heating the substratum, covering the substratum with a film of soft pitch and laying down a wearing surface over the soft pitch thereby effecting a knitting together of three layers into one monolithic mass.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 2,183,253 discloses a method of road construction wherein the grade line is established, a water soluble electrolyte is mixed into the soil below the grade line to constitute a subbase with waterproof material to prevent escape of the electrolyte and thereafter overcoating with a wearing surface.
  • the prior art does not provide a method of protecting roadways and bridges that is economical, easy to construct, and durable over a long period of time while subjected to varied weather conditions and constant use.
  • This invention provides a multilayered roadway comprising essentially;
  • the drawing shows a typical embodiment of this invention in which an uncured elastomeric membrane is sandwiched between a base layer and a traffic-bearing layer of concrete.
  • the multistructure element of this invention comprises a base support, an elastomeric membrane, and a traffic-bearing layer.
  • the attached drawing shows a typical embodiment of this invention in which the base support 1 is Portland cement concrete and intermediate layer 2 is an uncured elastomeric membrane and the trafiic-bearing layer 3 is asphalt cement concrete.
  • the base support can be any flat surface such as a concrete bridge deck or roadbed that has been leveled by a roller.
  • the base support can be asphalt, gravel,
  • the base support is generally Portland cement concrete either precast or poured in place.
  • the elastomeric membranes of this invention should exhibit the following characteristics.
  • the membrane must not become so brittle that in cold weather it will crack and fail.
  • the term cold weather is meant to include the winter conditions found in the North and South Temperate Zones.
  • the desired brittle point of the membrane should be 0 C. or less as measured by the solenoid brittle point test described in ASTM
  • the thickness of the membrane should be at least 0.05 inch to provide the necessary structural integrity for installation. The maximum thickness is a matter of economics and it has been found to be uneconomical and unnecessary to use a membrane more than 0.5-inch thick. Membranes 0.10 to 0.25 inch are preferred since they provide the best balance between economics and structural integrity.
  • the membrane should be self-healing. This is accomplished by preparing and using the membrane is an unvulcanized state. Therefore, no sulfur or other vulcanizing agents are used in the mix, nor any agent that might cross-link the polymers.
  • the membrane should desirably be very resistant to oxidative degradation. This is accomplished by using an elastomeric material that in itself is practically immune to oxidative degradation or an elastomeric material subject to oxidative degradation compounded with an antioxidant.
  • Elastomers which best meet the above requirements are the saturated and low unsaturated elastomers such as ethylene/propylene (EP) copolymers, ethylene/propylene/diene (EPDM) terpolymers, butyl rubber, chlorinated polyethylenes, and the like. Natural rubber, styrene/butadiene rubber and the neoprenes can be employed when compounded with antioxidants. For economy and maximum resistance to degradation, the EP 01' EPDM elastomers are preferred.
  • Representative copolymers include; ethylene/propylene, which is preferred; ethylene] l -butene; propylene/ l-butene; ethylene/5,5- dimethyll -octene; l-hexene/l-decene, ethylene/propylene ⁇ l octadene; propylene/S-methyl-1-heptene; and l-hexne/ldodecene.
  • the ethylene copolymers should contain about 25 to 75 weight percent ethylene monomer units.
  • EPDM terpolymers that are useful are made from at least one a-rnonoolefin and at least one nonconjugated diene having only one polymerizable double bond.
  • EPDM terpolymers and procedures for making them are 'given in U.S.
  • the resultant copolymer when cyclic nonconjugated dienes are employed, it is preferred that the resultant copolymer contain ethylene and at least one other a-monoolefin, e.g., propylene.
  • the ethylene copolymers should contain about 20 to 70 weight percent ethylene monomer units.
  • EPDM copoly'mers include: ethylene/1,4- hexadiene; ethylene/propylene] l ,4-hexadiene; ethylene/propylene/dicyclopentadiene; ethylene/propylene/S- methyiene-2-norbornene; ethylene/propylene/2-ethyl-2,5- norbornadiene; ethylene/propylene/ethylidine-2-norbornene; and ethylene/propylene/ l ,S-cyclooctadiene.
  • Neoprenes are polymers and copolymers of chloroprene. These are well known and fully described in many U.S. Patents and various texts such as Introduction to Rubber Technology, edited by M. Morton, Reinhold Publishing Corp. New York, 1959, and The Neoprenes, R. M. Murray and D. C. Thompson, published by E. l. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, Delaware, 1963. Chlorosulfonated saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon polymers are best exemplified by chlorosulfonated polyethylenes.
  • chlorosulfonated polymers contain at least percent chlorine and at least 0.5 percent sulfur by weight.
  • Representative preferred polymers contain about 20 to 40 percent chlorine and about i to 1.5 percent sulfur by weight.
  • the polyethylene before chlorosulfonation is frequently a linear type having a density greater than 0.94 and a melt index of about 0.2 to 200.
  • Neoprenes can be made by polymerizing chloroprene or copolymerizing chloroprene with up to about 50 percent of another ethyienically unsaturated copolymerizable monomer, e.g.,'acrylonitrile, styrene, acrylic and methacrylic acids and esters, l,3-butadiene isoprene and 2,3-dichlorobutadiene-l,3. These are also useable.
  • another ethyienically unsaturated copolymerizable monomer e.g.,'acrylonitrile, styrene, acrylic and methacrylic acids and esters, l,3-butadiene isoprene and 2,3-dichlorobutadiene-l,3.
  • SBR rubbers which can be used are characterized in the publication entitled Rubber: Natural and Synthetic by H. J. Stern, second edition, 1967.
  • Antioxidants to be compounded with SBR rubber, neoprenes and natural rubber fall into three (1) secondary amines, (2) phenols, and (3) phosphites.
  • Useable amines are phenyl-alphaand phenyl-beta-naphthylamines; useable phenols are those alkylated with isobutylene; and useable phosphites are those of the alkylated phenol phosphite class. These antioxidants are well known to the art.
  • the elastomeric composition can contain relatively large proportions of filler which should be of the type that has a limited tendency to absorb water.
  • Filler which should be of the type that has a limited tendency to absorb water.
  • Carbon black, whiting (calcium carbonate) and baryta (barium sulfate) are suitable fillers.
  • At least 100 parts of filler per 100 parts of elastomeric is suggested for use. However, as much as 500 parts can be used. Preferably 200 to 400 parts are used to give the best workable consistency to the membrane.
  • a petroleum oil is usually included in the present elastomeric membrane composition in order to lower the materials cost and to improve the ease of processing.
  • Plasticizing oils can be used at concentrations of 100 to 300 phr (parts per hundred parts of elastomer by weight). These oils should be a permanent nonvolatile type compatible with the particular elastomer used. Aromatic and naphthenic petroleum oils have been found useful.
  • Stabilizing agents such as metal oxides, or extrusion aids such as waxes and stearic acid can be employed if desired.
  • a membrane is formed by conventional calendering or extrusion techniques.
  • the membrane When it has an inherently sticky nature, the membrane must be protected by a release paper or plastic film if it is to be stored or transported.
  • the plastic film may be polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene or the: like. It is sometimes desirable to leave the plastic film in place as part of the finished structure.
  • During construction it can be used as a walking surface for workmen and it protects the membrane until the cover layer is applied. For large scale installations it is practical to extrude the membrane directly into the base layer of the roadway or bridge during construction.
  • the trafiic-bearing layer can be any of the conventional types known to the art of highway and bridge construction. Some examples are sheet asphalt, a dense mix of bituminous concrete or Portland cement concrete pavement
  • the traffic bearing layer is applied over the membrane by conventional methods known in the art of highway and bridge construction. y it is sometimes necessary to roll or compress the trafficbearing layer particularly when it is asphalt. During the compression operation aggregate may be forced into the membrane and perhaps rupture it. Due to the self-Healing qualities of the membrane it seals around the aggregate maintaining its protective shield.
  • the multilayered structure of this invention has been particularly defined in terms of its use as a roadway or bridgedeck. Nevertheless, with a few simple modifications it can be adapted to other uses. it can be used as a roof wherein the base layer is wood, plastic, paper, cloth, metal plating, etc.; the intermediate layer is the unvulcanized elastomeric membrane described above; and the exposure layer is conventional roofing such as pebbles, tile, etc.
  • This membrane would keep water from penetrating the roof and should a crack develop, e. g., from settling of the structure or someone walking on the roof, the self-healing healing properties of the membrane would operate to seal itself and prevent leakage or damage from the weather.
  • Another use maybe weather guarding for basement walls where the base layer is cinder block, concrete, or brick; the intermediate layer is the membrane described above and the outer layer can be wood, sheet metal, gravel drain or the earth. Still other uses may be in sidewalls, racetracks or athletic fields.
  • the EPDM copolymer is made by copolymerizing ethylene with propylene and 1,4-hexadiene in solution in tetrachloroethylene in the presence of a coordination catalyst in accordance with the general procedures of U.S. Pat. No. 2,933,480. Hydrogen modification is employed during the preparation in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 3,05 L690.
  • This copolymer has a Mooney viscosity of about 45 (MM/250 F.) and contains about 0.33 g.-mol of ethylenic unsaturation per kilogram.
  • the following monomer unit composition is present by weight: 63 percent ethylene, 33 percent propylene, 4 percent 1,4-hexadiene.
  • the inherent viscosity is about 2.2.
  • FEF Carbon Black is characterized in the ASTM manual under Standard Specifications for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products. This material is identified as ASTM: D-l 765-, Type PEP 30.
  • Austin Carbon Black is a finely pulverized bituminous coal of specific gravity 1.25, containing 77 percent carbon and 17 percent volatile components. It is commercially available from the Chemical Products Division of Slab Fork Coal Company, Slab Fork, West Virginia.
  • Sundex 790 is a process oil sold commercially by the Sun Oil Company. Its standard designation is ASTM D-2226, Type 102. This oil is characterized as follows: specific gravity at 60 F. of 0.9806; density 0.9769; molecular weight 37.5 and a viscosityZgravity constant of 0.932.
  • the composition After mixing, the composition is calendered into a sheet 50 inches wide and 0.100-inch thick. It is installed as the sealing membrane on a heavily traveled bridge deck, over an 8-inch thick Portland cement concrete base, and under a l /-inch thick asphaltic concrete traffic bearing layer. After 6 months of service the membrane is intact and is giving full protection to the Portland cement concrete base layer. Core borings are taken and analyzed. The structural integrity of the roadway is as good as it was in the beginning.
  • EXAMPLE ii A multilayered structure comprising a base layer of Portland cement concrete, and intermediate layer of elastomeric membrane prepared as described in Example I and a top layer of amesite is constructed in the following manner.
  • a concrete slab having a surface area of 8X16 inches is poured and curved according to conventional methods.
  • An elastomeric membrane is placed on top of the concrete slab with the ends turned up to form a pan.
  • Hot amesite, 2 inches thick, is placed in the pan and compressed under a 200 p.s.i. hydraulic press to complete the structure.
  • the structure is cracked in half, the pan formed by the elastomeric membrane is filled with salt solution and multilayered structure is placed on a vibrator to flex the joint. Electrodes are placed between the concrete slab and the elastomeric membrane. The sample is vibrated and if the crack causes rupture of the membrane to allow salt solution to reach the concrete the electrical resistance of the electrodes will drop. After one week of flexing the crack by continuous vibration, the electrical resistance of the electrodes remains the same indicating the self-healing elastomeric membrane is still containing the salt solution.
  • a multilayered structure consisting essentially of a. a base layer,
  • a multilayered structure according to claim 1 wherein the elastomeric membrane has at least to 500 parts of filler per lOO parts of elastomer and at least 100 to 300 parts of plasticizing oil per 100 parts of elastomer.
  • a multilayered structure according to claim 1 wherein the elastomeric membrane is made from a copolymer of ethylene, propylene and at least one nonconjugated diene having only one polymerizable double bond.
  • a multilayered roadway comprisingessentially a. a base layer of Portland cement concrete;
  • the elastomeric membrane is 100 parts ethylene/propylene copolymer, l00500 parts filler, and 100-300 parts plasticizing oil;

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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US771993A 1968-10-30 1968-10-30 Multilayered structure Expired - Lifetime US3603221A (en)

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BR (1) BR6913746D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1954482A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2021922A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1296684A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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Cited By (25)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3707901A (en) * 1970-12-22 1973-01-02 Rubber Reclaiming Co Inc Pavement and composition therefor
US3850537A (en) * 1972-10-31 1974-11-26 D Bynum Pavement construction
US4118137A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-10-03 U.S. Rubber Reclaiming Co., Inc. Pavement and process of providing the same
US4151025A (en) * 1977-06-06 1979-04-24 Triram Corporation Method for waterproofing bridge decks and the like
DE2854263A1 (de) * 1977-12-14 1979-06-28 Morris Richard Jeppson Verfahren und einrichtung zur bearbeitung von strassendecken
US4175885A (en) * 1977-01-03 1979-11-27 Giselle V. Laurmann Methods for sealing and resealing concrete using microwave energy
US4556338A (en) * 1983-07-11 1985-12-03 Tar Heel Technologies, Inc. Method for reinforcing pavement
US4594022A (en) * 1984-05-23 1986-06-10 Mp Materials Corporation Paving method and pavement construction for concentrating microwave heating within pavement material
US4849020A (en) * 1987-04-20 1989-07-18 The Titan Corporation Asphalt compounds and method for asphalt reconditioning using microwave radiation
US5051023A (en) * 1987-07-14 1991-09-24 Chichibu Cement Co., Ltd. Fracture-free layered paving blocks
US5455291A (en) * 1994-02-14 1995-10-03 U.S. Intec, Inc. Coal-tar-pitch-based compositions
US6187428B1 (en) 1997-12-30 2001-02-13 Colas S.A. Wheel rut-resistant carriageway and process for obtaining such a carriageway
US6500560B1 (en) 1999-11-30 2002-12-31 Elk Corporation Of Dallas Asphalt coated structural article
US20030040241A1 (en) * 1999-11-30 2003-02-27 Matti Kiik Roofing system and roofing shingles
US6578343B1 (en) * 2001-11-12 2003-06-17 Pipe Service, Inc. Reinforced concrete deck structure for bridges and method of making same
US6586353B1 (en) 1999-11-30 2003-07-01 Elk Corp. Of Dallas Roofing underlayment
US6673432B2 (en) 1999-11-30 2004-01-06 Elk Premium Building Products, Inc. Water vapor barrier structural article
US6872440B1 (en) 1999-11-30 2005-03-29 Elk Premium Building Products, Inc. Heat reflective coated structural article
US7169462B1 (en) 2004-03-01 2007-01-30 Laticrete International, Inc. Waterproofing membrane
US20070056228A1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2007-03-15 Penland Joe E Sr Interlocking laminated support mat
US7438499B1 (en) * 2005-08-10 2008-10-21 Unique Ideas Corp. Method for protecting pavement borders during paving operations
CN103774519A (zh) * 2011-12-31 2014-05-07 常熟古建园林建设集团有限公司 沥青道路施工方法
US20170166736A1 (en) * 2015-02-26 2017-06-15 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Polymer blend, method for making the same and roofing membrane containing the same
US9828768B2 (en) * 2016-04-07 2017-11-28 Ductilcrete Technologies, Llc Concrete slab system
US10156045B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2018-12-18 Quality Mat Company Panel mats connectable with interlocking and pinning elements

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BE793133A (fr) * 1972-07-26 1973-04-16 Villadsens Fab As Jens Materiau plastique en feuille et articles contenant un tel materiau
AT362709B (de) * 1977-03-07 1981-06-10 Perlmooser Zementwerke Ag Verbindungs-, insbesondere haftver- mittlerschicht und verfahren zu deren her- stellung
FR2508509A1 (fr) * 1981-06-26 1982-12-31 Colas Sa Structure composite pour chaussees et aires de roulement
FR2514045A1 (fr) * 1981-10-02 1983-04-08 Couturier Jean Procede pour ameliorer les proprietes des materiaux pour assises de chaussees ou fondations d'aires de stationnement ou de circulation et materiaux en resultant
DE3150021C1 (de) * 1981-12-17 1987-11-12 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Mehrschichtige Dichtungsbahn aus elastomeren Kunststoffen und einer Verstaerkungseinlage
CA2961764C (en) * 2016-04-07 2019-03-05 Ductilcrete Slab Systems, Llc Method of fabricating a concrete slab system
CA2961765C (en) * 2016-04-07 2019-03-12 Ductilcrete Slab Systems, Llc Concrete slab system

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US1862011A (en) * 1928-01-03 1932-06-07 Robert B Gage Concrete pavement and its construction
US2210252A (en) * 1938-07-23 1940-08-06 Charles M Neeld Bridge flooring
US2294247A (en) * 1941-05-05 1942-08-25 Walter J Smith Surface covering
US2347233A (en) * 1941-02-12 1944-04-25 Archie L Blades Composite surfacing material and method of applying the same
US2672793A (en) * 1951-01-04 1954-03-23 Bonafide Mills Inc Floor structure and method of making the same
GB739217A (en) * 1952-09-25 1955-10-26 Basf Ag Improvements in roadway surfaces and in methods of constructing the same
US3000276A (en) * 1957-01-12 1961-09-19 British Cellophane Ltd Construction of concrete rafts, roads, aircraft runways and the like
US3168019A (en) * 1961-11-16 1965-02-02 Lynn Bernard Stanley Jet aircraft runway having anti-skid properties when wet

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1862011A (en) * 1928-01-03 1932-06-07 Robert B Gage Concrete pavement and its construction
US2210252A (en) * 1938-07-23 1940-08-06 Charles M Neeld Bridge flooring
US2347233A (en) * 1941-02-12 1944-04-25 Archie L Blades Composite surfacing material and method of applying the same
US2294247A (en) * 1941-05-05 1942-08-25 Walter J Smith Surface covering
US2672793A (en) * 1951-01-04 1954-03-23 Bonafide Mills Inc Floor structure and method of making the same
GB739217A (en) * 1952-09-25 1955-10-26 Basf Ag Improvements in roadway surfaces and in methods of constructing the same
US3000276A (en) * 1957-01-12 1961-09-19 British Cellophane Ltd Construction of concrete rafts, roads, aircraft runways and the like
US3168019A (en) * 1961-11-16 1965-02-02 Lynn Bernard Stanley Jet aircraft runway having anti-skid properties when wet

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3707901A (en) * 1970-12-22 1973-01-02 Rubber Reclaiming Co Inc Pavement and composition therefor
US3850537A (en) * 1972-10-31 1974-11-26 D Bynum Pavement construction
US4118137A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-10-03 U.S. Rubber Reclaiming Co., Inc. Pavement and process of providing the same
US4175885A (en) * 1977-01-03 1979-11-27 Giselle V. Laurmann Methods for sealing and resealing concrete using microwave energy
US4151025A (en) * 1977-06-06 1979-04-24 Triram Corporation Method for waterproofing bridge decks and the like
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DE1954482A1 (de) 1970-05-06
FR2021922A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-07-24
SE372046B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-09
NL6916298A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-05-04
GB1296684A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-15
BR6913746D0 (pt) 1973-02-06

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