US3598588A - Processing solution for silver halide photographic material after fixation process - Google Patents
Processing solution for silver halide photographic material after fixation process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3598588A US3598588A US706767A US3598588DA US3598588A US 3598588 A US3598588 A US 3598588A US 706767 A US706767 A US 706767A US 3598588D A US3598588D A US 3598588DA US 3598588 A US3598588 A US 3598588A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- thiosulfate
- silver halide
- photographic material
- processing solution
- halide photographic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052946 acanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940056910 silver sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QSKPIOLLBIHNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-acetaldehyde Chemical compound ClCC=O QSKPIOLLBIHNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GAWAYYRQGQZKCR-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-2-chloropropanoic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](Cl)C(O)=O GAWAYYRQGQZKCR-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJWGRXKOBIVTFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dibromobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Br)C(Br)C(O)=O FJWGRXKOBIVTFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXKMTSIKHBYZSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCCl FXKMTSIKHBYZSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZSILVJLXKHGNPL-UHFFFAOYSA-L S(=S)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ag+2] Chemical compound S(=S)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ag+2] ZSILVJLXKHGNPL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium thiosulfate Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940101006 anhydrous sodium sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001864 baryta Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium metabisulfite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940043349 potassium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010263 potassium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCl FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/38—Fixing; Developing-fixing; Hardening-fixing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of processing exposed photographic material, characterized by a final bath which leads to photographic images with improved keeping qualities.
- Conventional photographic processing includes the fixing of the unexposed silver halide, whereby the silver halide is converted to a complex compound with alkali metal or ammonium thiosulfates and, in the subsequent rinsing, is washed out to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the rinsing period and water temperature. Practically complete removal of the silver thiosulfate complex requires rinsing for at least half an hour at about 25 C. Residual thiosulfate is highly disadvantageous, since particularly in a weakly acidic photographic layer the density of the silver image is reduced during storage because of the formation of silver sulfide. Moreover, yellowish or brownish stains are formed in the black silver, particularly under tropical conditions. If the residual thiosulfate is uniformly distributed in the layer and in the support, a uniform decrease in density occurs, and this is particularly noticeable in the brighter image portions by a color change towards yellow.
- the harmful influence of residual thiosulfate can also be suppressed by an alkaline bath, since thiosulfate decomposition occurs more slowly in alkaline media than in acidic.
- the disadvantage of the last two types of baths is that the harmful influence of the thiosulfate is not eliminated, but is only reduced.
- a substantially longer rinsing time is required for pictures on supports having the thickness .of cardboard than for pictures on supports having the thickness of paper.
- An additional disadvantage is that with the continuously running paper web in continuous printing processors, small quantities of thiosulfate are constantly carried along and these are concentrated in the drying cloth of the drying drum. Because of this, the pictures are once again contaminated with thiosulfate, and this can only be overcome by frequently changing the drying cloth.
- Water-soluble, aliphatic monochlorine-substituted or monobromine-substituted compounds which further contain at least one aldehyde, carboxyl or sulfo group and which have up to 5 carbon atoms, are preferred.
- the following are examples of particularly suitable compounds.
- the eflicacy of the compounds used in the manner according to the invention is extremely surprising and is limited to monohalogen compounds.
- the aqueous baths used in the processing step according to the invention advantageously contain 0.1 to g. of the monohalogen compounds per liter of bath. Saturated solutions of the compounds can also optionally be used. The optimum concentration can be determined by a few simple routine tests. It depends on the nature of the photographic material and the required treatment time. In most instances, a concentration of 3 to 30 g. per liter is sufficient.
- the treatment times can also fluctuate within Wide limits but it is generally sufficient to treat the photographic materials with the bath according to the invention for about 2 minutes.
- the destruction of the residual thiosulfate is not completed in the bath, but since the monohalogen compounds of the inventive invention bath remains in the layer, any remaining thiosulfate that did not react in the bath is completely destroyed during the subsequent hot drying and also during storage of the picture, particularly under tropical conditions.
- a conventional photographic black-and-white positive paper which comprises a gelatino-silver chlorobromide emulsion layer on a baryta-coated paper support, is exposed to form an image and is developed in a developer having the following composition:
- Another strip of the fixed material is rinsed for 1 minute and treated for 2 minutes in a bath having the following composition: 30 g. of sodium chloroacetate dissolved in 1 liter of water.
- the high-glaze drying is immediately carried out.
- thiosulfate can no longer be detected or can be detected only in a negligible amount.
- the keeping qualities of the silver image in tropical climatic conditions are excellent.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEA0055088 | 1967-03-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3598588A true US3598588A (en) | 1971-08-10 |
Family
ID=6939820
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US706767A Expired - Lifetime US3598588A (en) | 1967-03-08 | 1968-02-20 | Processing solution for silver halide photographic material after fixation process |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3598588A (en)van) |
| JP (1) | JPS5026928B1 (en)van) |
| BE (1) | BE711377A (en)van) |
| CH (1) | CH500510A (en)van) |
| FR (1) | FR1559927A (en)van) |
| GB (1) | GB1160205A (en)van) |
| NL (1) | NL6802470A (en)van) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4987059A (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1991-01-22 | Agfa-Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft | Process for stabilizing photographic silver images |
| US5972575A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-10-26 | Cabezas; Victoria | Method for the selective silvering of photographic materials |
-
1968
- 1968-02-20 US US706767A patent/US3598588A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-02-21 NL NL6802470A patent/NL6802470A/xx unknown
- 1968-02-26 CH CH270368A patent/CH500510A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-02-28 BE BE711377D patent/BE711377A/xx unknown
- 1968-03-08 GB GB11370/68A patent/GB1160205A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-03-08 FR FR1559927D patent/FR1559927A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-03-08 JP JP43014685A patent/JPS5026928B1/ja active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4987059A (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1991-01-22 | Agfa-Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft | Process for stabilizing photographic silver images |
| US5972575A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-10-26 | Cabezas; Victoria | Method for the selective silvering of photographic materials |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1522428A1 (de) | 1969-07-31 |
| NL6802470A (en)van) | 1968-08-26 |
| DE1522428B2 (de) | 1975-07-10 |
| BE711377A (en)van) | 1968-08-28 |
| CH500510A (de) | 1970-12-15 |
| JPS5026928B1 (en)van) | 1975-09-04 |
| FR1559927A (en)van) | 1969-03-14 |
| GB1160205A (en) | 1969-08-06 |
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