US3597712A - Switch element - Google Patents

Switch element Download PDF

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Publication number
US3597712A
US3597712A US9560A US3597712DA US3597712A US 3597712 A US3597712 A US 3597712A US 9560 A US9560 A US 9560A US 3597712D A US3597712D A US 3597712DA US 3597712 A US3597712 A US 3597712A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
magnet
magnetic
magnetic poles
switch element
poles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US9560A
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English (en)
Inventor
Yukio Nakagome
Hiroichi Teramura
Yasuo Fukata
Sumitoshi Ando
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KDDI Corp
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Kokusai Denshin Denwa KK
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/01—Relays in which the armature is maintained in one position by a permanent magnet and freed by energisation of a coil producing an opposing magnetic field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/28—Relays having both armature and contacts within a sealed casing outside which the operating coil is located, e.g. contact carried by a magnetic leaf spring or reed
    • H01H51/284—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/285—Polarised relays for latching of contacts

Definitions

  • PATENTEI nus 3l97
  • SWITCH ELEMENT This invention relates to switch elements which are self-held by attractive force between magnetic poles, and, more particularly, switched-on or switched-off in accordance with attractive or repelling forces between magnetic poles.
  • Switch elements of this type have been broadly used in the art as channel switches of switching systems, etc.
  • contacts of the conventional switch elements of this type are usually switched-on (or switched-off) by applying magnetic attractive force (or magnetic repelling force) between a pair of magnetic poles arranged in a narrow space (or in a contacted state) so as to be opposed to the internal stress of a pair of reeds which support a pair of the magnetic poles respectively.
  • the conventional switch elements have disadvantages such that the quantity of energy necessary to switch in, switch-off or to hold the switch-in state is relatively large.
  • An object of this invention is to provide switch elements having contacts which are switched-on or switched-off in accordance with an attractive or repelling force between magnetic poles, while producing a small loss of control energy at a high operation speed.
  • switch-on and switchoff motions of a pair of contacts are controlled in accordance with only the attractive force or the repelling force acting between magnetic poles, without the use of the internal stress of an arm of each of the contacts.
  • the switched-on state or the switched-off state of the element of this invention is self-held by utilizing the residual flux density in a magnetic circuit including a pair of contacts.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view explanatory of the construction of the switch element of this invention
  • FIG. 2 shows magnetic hysteresis characteristics of small magnetic plates used in the switch element of this invention
  • FIG. 3 shows time charts explanatory of drive currents used in the switch element of this invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view explanatory of the construction of another example of the switch element of this invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a single-wire type switching part used in theswitch element of this invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a double switching part of double-wire type used in the switch element of this invention.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are respectively a perspective view and a plan view illustrating another example of the switch element of this invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a vertical view illustrating another example of the switch element of this invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a connection diagram for illustratingan example of a matrix switchingnetworlt formed by the use of switch elements of this invention.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are time charts explanatory of examples of drive currents used in the matrix switching network shown in FIG. l0;
  • FIG. 13 is a connection diagram for illustrating another cxample of the switch element used in the matrix switching network shown in FIG. 10.
  • the main parts of a representative switch element of this invention comprise a movable small magnetic plate A, a fixed magnetic plate G, a first control means W,, Wu.) and a second control means (W,).
  • the fixed magnetic plate G is a U-shaped magnet having two pairs of opposed magnetic poles (0,, 0,) and (Q,,,, 0, 0,
  • the center of the movable small magnetic plate A is rotatably supported to switch elements having contacts which are pin 0 between two pairs of opposed magnetic poles Q1.
  • the first control means comprises two windings W, and W, wound on a common leg of the U-shaped, fixed magnetic plate G to magnetize the U-shaped magnet in the reverse directions respectively.
  • the second control means comprises a winding W, wound on a fixed bobbin B0 to magnetize the movable small magnetic plate A.
  • the fixed magnetic plate G is made by a magnetic material having a substantially rectangular hysteresis characteristic K, as shown in FIG. 2, and the movable small magnetic plate A is made by a magnetic material having a hysteresis characteristic K, of low residual flux density as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the magnitude of force acting between two mag-' netic poles is inversely proportional to the distance squared between the two magnetic poles. Accordingly, the attractive force between poles of the two magnetic plates A and G act ef fectively during both ON-state and the OFF-state since the opposed poles of the two magnetic plates A and G contact each other or are extremely close to each other during such states. While the contacts of the conventional switch element of this type are moved in opposition to the internal stress of reeds or arms, the movable small magnetic plate A of the switch element of this invention is rotated with respect to the supporting pin 0 within a small rotation angle region by the use of only attractive force or repelling force acting between magnetic poles oppositely arranged. Accordingly, the loss of the energy in the switch element of this invention is almost negligible.
  • the switch element of this invention may be constructed as shown in FIG. 4.
  • two magnetic plates A and G have, respectively, hysteresis characteristics K, and K, shown in FIG. 2, so that the windings W, and W, are wound on the movable small magnetic plate A while the winding W, is
  • this example can be also controlled similarly as in the made by a magnetic material having a nonrectangular hysteresis characteristic.
  • the windings W, and W,,,, which are provided to magnetize the magnetic plate A or G in the reverse directions to each other, can be replaced by a single winding (W,,,).
  • the drive currents iw, and iw, are conducted through this sin gle winding W, in the reverse directions to each other.
  • FIG. 5 is an example of the switching part of single-wire type, which is enclosed in a glass tube U.
  • the movable small magnetic plate A which is composed of a single small magnetic plate of conductive material is connected at a point M by the use of a flexible connection line L to one of two terminal lines C and D.
  • the above-mentioned two pairs of opposed magnetic poles of the fixed magnetic plate G are illustrated by dotted lines.
  • the winding W is wound on the glass tube U.
  • the terminal lines C and D are connected to each other by the flexible connection line L and the movable small magnetic plate A, since the poles of the magnetic plate A are attracted as shown in FIG.
  • the switching parts shown in FIG. 5 may be replaced by the switching parts shown in FIG. 6.
  • the movable small magnetic plate A is composed of three laminated plates A,, A and A
  • the plates A, and A are conductive while the plate A,, is insulative.
  • the conductive plates A, and A are connected respective flexible connection lines.
  • two connecting circuits are formed by the terminal line C,, the flexible connection line, the conductive magnetic plate A,, contacts P, and Q, and a terminal line D,, and by the terminal line D,, the flexible connection line, the conductive magnetic plate A contacts and a terminal line C Accordingly, this double-wire type shown in FIG. 6 can control simultaneously two switching circuits.
  • another example of the switch element of this invention comprises a U-shaped magnet A and a W-shaped magnet G, which have respectively a rectangular hysteresis characteristic and a magnetization characteristic of low residual flux density.
  • the windings W, and W are wound on the U-shaped magnet A for causing magnetization in reverse directions to each other.
  • the winding W is wound on a center leg of the W-shaped magnet G to magnetize the magnetic poles of the magnet G as shown in FIG. 7 by way of example.
  • the U-shaped magnet A is magnetized in the reverse direction to that shown in FIG. 7. Accordingly, the U-shapedmagnet A is restored as shown in FIG. 8, since the'magnetic poles P, and I, are attracted to the magnetic poles Q, and 0,, respectively.
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of this invention formed in accordance with the principle described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • legs A, and A of the U-shaped magnet A and the center leg G, of the W-shaped magnet G are enclosed in a glass tube U.
  • the legs A, and A are made of a conductive, flexible magnetic material.
  • Terminals C and D are provided respectively at the magnets A and G.
  • An insulator R is provided at one side of the magnetic pole Q, as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the condition shown in FIG. 9 corresponds to the 0N-state of this switch element, in which the magnetic poles P, P2 are attracted to the magnetic poles Q, and Q respectively so that the flexibleleg A is contacted with the center leg G,. Accordingly, the conductive circuit from the terminal C to the terminal D is completed.
  • the magnetization direction of the U-shaped magnet A is reversed by flowing a drive current in the winding W, or W,,,, the magnetic poles P, and P are attracted to the magnetic poles Q and 0, respectively.
  • the leg A is separated by the insulator R from the center leg C, of the magnet G, the conductive circuit from the terminal C to the terminal D is not completed. This condition corresponds to the OFF-state of this switch element.
  • the essential characteristics of the material of the U-shaped magnet A include its conductivity, flexibility, and its magnetic properties. In this case, it is not necessary that the flexible leg be resilient as in the conventional reed switch, since the ON- state and the OFF-state of this switch element are each maintained by the use of attractive force between different magnetic poles.
  • both the magnets A and G may be movable.
  • the same operation can be attained since the ON-state and the OF F-state of this switch element are each maintained by the use of an attractive force between different magnetic poles.
  • FIG. 10 an example of a matrix switching network using switch elements of this invention will be described.
  • three row lines H, H, and H and three column lines V V and V are shown for simple illustration.
  • switching contacts P,,, P, P,,, P P P P P P and P, are each provided to switch-on or switch-off a connection between a corresponding one of the row lines H,, H, and H and a corresponding one of the column lines V,, V, and V,,.
  • Comm] Part5 m S12, S13, S21, S22, S23, an S32 and 3:; control respectively the switch-on and the switch-off of the switching contacts.
  • windings W, W, and W correspond respectively to the windings W W, and W, of a switch element 11 (P,, and S,,) arranged at the intersection of the row line H, and the column line V,.
  • a drive current Iwla is flowed in a line W, ,a under the flowing of the drive current IwZ in the line W so that only the contact P,, is closed to connect between the row line H, and the column line V, in response to the ON-state of the control part 8,
  • This closed condition of the contact P is maintained also after the termination of all the drive currents, as understood from the principle of this invention.
  • the contacts P,, and P,, maintain the OF F-state after the time T, while the contacts P and P,, maintain the respective prior states, since the movable magnet A assumes the same state even if the magnetic poles of the movable magnet A are reversely magnetized in response to the drive current lwla.
  • the states of other switch elements S P S P (S P and (8 ,15 are not at all changed, since none of drive currents are conducted through the winding or windings of these switch elements.
  • each of the switch elements can be performed by conducting, simultaneously, the drive currents Iwl and M2 in the windings W and W respectively, and further by conducting a drive current Iwla sufficiently larger than (e.g.; twice) the value of each the drive currents lwl and Iw2 as shown in FIG. 12.
  • the windings W and W may be connected in series, as shown in FIG. 13, to perform the simultaneous flowing of the drive currents [W1 and [W2 while reducing the number of necessary terminals.
  • a switch element comprising:
  • a first magnet made of a ferromagnetic material having a substantially rectangular hysteresis characteristic, and having at least three magnetic poles,
  • a second magnet made of a magnetic material of low residual magnetic flux density and having two magnetic poles
  • a first control means for magnetizing the first magnet in either of two possible states
  • At least one pair of contact means for closing in response to movement of one said magnetic pole of oneof the two magnets when the first magnet is magnetized by the first control means to a predetermined one of said two possible states, and for opening in response to the movement of said one magnetic pole of one of the two magnets when the first magnet is magnetized by the first control means to the other of said two possible states,
  • said first magnet and the second magnet forming a substantially closed magnetic circuit in both the opened and closed conditions of said pair of contacts to self-hold the condition selected.
  • a switch element in which the first magnet comprises a U-shaped magnet having two legs, and having two magnetic poles of one polarity on one saidleg and two magnetic poles of the other polarity on the other said leg, and in which the second magnet comprises a small bar mag net.
  • a switch element in which the first magnet is a W-shaped conductive magnet having three legs each having a magnetic pole thereon, wherein two of said poles on said W-shaped magnet have the same polarity, and in which the second magnet is a U-shaped conductive magnet including two legs having magnet poles of different polarities.
  • a switch element comprising:
  • a first magnet made of a magnetic material of low residual magnetic flux density and having at least three magnetic poles
  • At second magnet made of a ferromagnetic material having a substantially rectangular hysteresis characteristic and having two magnetic poles
  • east one pair of contact means for closing in response to movement of one said magnetic pole of one of the two magnets when the second magnet is magnetized by the first control means to a predetermined one of said two possible states, and for opening in response to the move ment of said one magnetic pole of one of the two magnets when the second magnet is magnetized by the first control means to the other of said two possible states, said first magnet and the second forming a substantially closed magnetic circuit in both the opened and closed conditions ofsaid pair ofcontacts to self-hold the condition selected.
  • a switch element in which the first magnet is a U-shaped magnet having two legs, and having two magnetic poles of one polarity on one said leg and two magnetic poles of the other polarity on the other said leg, and in which the second magnet comprises a small bar magnet.
  • a switch element in which the first magnet is a W-shaped conductive magnet having three legs each having a magnetic pole thereon, wherein two of said poles on said W-shaped magnet have the same polarity, and in which the second magnet is a U-shaped conductive magnet including two legs having magnetic poles of different polarities.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
US9560A 1969-02-10 1970-02-09 Switch element Expired - Lifetime US3597712A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP925169A JPS55851B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-02-10 1969-02-10

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US3597712A true US3597712A (en) 1971-08-03

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US9560A Expired - Lifetime US3597712A (en) 1969-02-10 1970-02-09 Switch element

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US (1) US3597712A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS55851B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1298014A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3761851A (en) * 1972-06-19 1973-09-25 V Nelson Sector motor, direct motion rotary actuator
US4409552A (en) * 1981-04-16 1983-10-11 Honeywell Inc. Cyclic means with magnetic latch for checking switch integrity
US4451808A (en) * 1982-01-20 1984-05-29 La Telemecanique Electrique Electromagnet equipped with a moving system including a permanent magnet and designed for monostable operation
US4467304A (en) * 1982-12-28 1984-08-21 Minnesota Mining And Manfacturing Company Saturable tandem coil transformer relay
US5287835A (en) * 1992-07-10 1994-02-22 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Electronic governor with fast response time
WO1998049455A3 (en) * 1997-04-15 1999-04-15 Franklin E Barnett Magnetic ratchet/clutch type apparatus
US20060225973A1 (en) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-12 Dimig Steven J Residual magnetic devices and methods
US20060226942A1 (en) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-12 Dimig Steven J Residual magnetic devices and methods
US20070290777A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2007-12-20 Markus Leipold Electrical Switching Device Comprising Magnetic Adjusting Elements
US7969705B2 (en) 2005-03-30 2011-06-28 Strattec Security Corporation Residual magnetic devices and methods
US8403124B2 (en) 2005-03-30 2013-03-26 Strattec Security Corporation Residual magnetic devices and methods

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2337251A (en) * 1939-09-22 1943-12-21 Hickok Electrical Instr Compan Alternating current relay
US3295023A (en) * 1961-12-19 1966-12-27 Renault Circuit-breaker devices, especially for semi-conductor circuits

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2337251A (en) * 1939-09-22 1943-12-21 Hickok Electrical Instr Compan Alternating current relay
US3295023A (en) * 1961-12-19 1966-12-27 Renault Circuit-breaker devices, especially for semi-conductor circuits

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3761851A (en) * 1972-06-19 1973-09-25 V Nelson Sector motor, direct motion rotary actuator
US4409552A (en) * 1981-04-16 1983-10-11 Honeywell Inc. Cyclic means with magnetic latch for checking switch integrity
US4451808A (en) * 1982-01-20 1984-05-29 La Telemecanique Electrique Electromagnet equipped with a moving system including a permanent magnet and designed for monostable operation
US4467304A (en) * 1982-12-28 1984-08-21 Minnesota Mining And Manfacturing Company Saturable tandem coil transformer relay
US5287835A (en) * 1992-07-10 1994-02-22 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Electronic governor with fast response time
WO1998049455A3 (en) * 1997-04-15 1999-04-15 Franklin E Barnett Magnetic ratchet/clutch type apparatus
US7760057B2 (en) * 2004-10-29 2010-07-20 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Electrical switching device comprising magnetic adjusting elements
US20070290777A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2007-12-20 Markus Leipold Electrical Switching Device Comprising Magnetic Adjusting Elements
US20060226942A1 (en) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-12 Dimig Steven J Residual magnetic devices and methods
US20060225973A1 (en) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-12 Dimig Steven J Residual magnetic devices and methods
US7969705B2 (en) 2005-03-30 2011-06-28 Strattec Security Corporation Residual magnetic devices and methods
US8149557B2 (en) 2005-03-30 2012-04-03 Strattec Security Corporation Residual magnetic devices and methods
US8403124B2 (en) 2005-03-30 2013-03-26 Strattec Security Corporation Residual magnetic devices and methods
US10290411B2 (en) 2005-03-30 2019-05-14 Strattec Security Corporation Residual magnetic devices and methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1298014A (en) 1972-11-29
JPS55851B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-01-10

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