US3596476A - Process and system for making artificial snow - Google Patents

Process and system for making artificial snow Download PDF

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Publication number
US3596476A
US3596476A US810711A US3596476DA US3596476A US 3596476 A US3596476 A US 3596476A US 810711 A US810711 A US 810711A US 3596476D A US3596476D A US 3596476DA US 3596476 A US3596476 A US 3596476A
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United States
Prior art keywords
nozzles
water
orifices
carrier
conduits
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Expired - Lifetime
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US810711A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fritz Jakob
Gerold Tesar
Karl-Heinz Kuhnlenz
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/04—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/046—Snow making by using low pressure air ventilators, e.g. fan type snow canons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/048—Snow making by using means for spraying water
    • F25C2303/0481—Snow making by using means for spraying water with the use of compressed air

Definitions

  • the general object of our present invention is to provide an improved snow machine, based upon a novel process of making artificial snow, which avoids the above drawbacks and which is effective at ambient temperatures just below the freezing mark while being substantially insensitive to variations in relative humidity.
  • the aforestated object can be realized by allowing a continuous flow of water under high pressure and at a tempera ture close to 0 C. to issue from one or more expansion orifices in the form of small droplets into a low-pressure airstream of subfreezing temperature, Le. a temperature up to about l C.
  • the dispersion of the water discharged through the orifices may be intensified by the admixture of a minor proportion of a high-pressure gas of more or less water-insoluble character with the water in a'minor proportion by weight.
  • this gas is preferably air under a pressure slightly higher than that of the water flow, in a proportion ranging between substantially l and 4 m.
  • a particularly advantageous ratio is 3 m. STP of air for each cubic meter of water.
  • Another adjuvant cspableof promoting the snow formation is a nucieating agent admixed with the water flow in finely comminuted crystalline form. While ice could be used for this purpose it injected into the flow at a location close to the discharge orifices, other compounds of similar crystalline structure (such as silver iodide) are more stable so as to be admixable with the water ahead of the high-pressure pump.
  • the quantity of such nucleating agent should substantially exceed the saturation rate of the water and, in the case of silver iodide, is advantageously on the order of the equivalent of l0" N.
  • a surfactant in powdered or liquid form may be added to the water to reduce its surface tension, thereby facilitating its dispersion into fine droplets.
  • Any commercially available household detergent may he used for this purpose. in the case of a powder, such as an alkylaryl sulfonate, a quantity of about -15 grams per in. of water has been found highly satisfactory; in the case of liquid detergents, such as an ester of polyethylene glycol, a proportion of roughly 100 ml. per m. of water is suitable.
  • FlG. 1 illustrates, somewhat diagrammatically and in axial sectional view, the basic structure of a snow machine embodying our invention
  • FlG. 2 is a side elevational view, partly in section and on an enlarged scale, ofa nozzle forming part of the machine of FlG. I;
  • FIG. .3 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of a modified nozzle-supporting structure forming part of a machine according to the invention.
  • FIG. I we have shown a tubular nozzle carrier 35 of cylindrical configuration whose inner bore 37 accommodates an electric fan 36 driven by a motor 41.
  • Fan 36 generates a circulation of air passing axially through the front end 38 of body 35 which carries an annular array of nozzles I with discharge orifices 7 pointing in the direction of the airflow.
  • the nozzles I are connected in parallel, via internal conduits 42, to a manifold 40 in the form of an annular channel to which water is continually supplied under high pressure by a pump 43, followed by a cooler 44, via a pipe 48.
  • Conduits 42 which represent the inlets to the nozzles I, also communicate via passages 45 with another manifold 39 which is connected to the output end of an air compressor 46 by way of a pipe 49.
  • the delivery pressure of pump 43 may be on the order of 10 atmospheres, with the output pressure of blower 46 slightly higher. More specifically, a water pressure of 6 atmospheres (gauge) has been found adequate with nozzle orifices 7 of 0.7-mm. diameter whereas. for larger orifices, e.g. of 2.3-mm. diameter, correspondingly elevated water pressures on the order of i5 atmospheres (gauge) would be called for.
  • the restricted passages 45 exert a throttling effect upon the airflow entering the nozzles I from annular channel 39. This throttling effect is desirable to insure a substantially uniform rate of airflow at each nozzle, despite the fact that the several passages 45 are at different distances from the supply line 49.
  • FlG. 2 shows a preferred construction of anyof the nozzles l illustrated schematically in FlG. l.
  • the nozzle I of FIG. 2 has a tubular housing II terminating at its front end in the oriflce 7, housing It being formed with internal threads 47 engsged by mating threads on a tubular insert I5 and on a loclting ring I7.
  • insert I5 defines with the inner front wall of housing It a vortex chamber 16 into which water, with or without admixed air, flows by way of lateral apertures 19 in insert I5 after entering same from the rear through ring I7.
  • the apertures I9 are centered on generally tangentially inclined axes, as is well known per .re, so as to impart to the exiting fluid a swirling motion in its travel toward orifice 7.
  • Male threads I3 on the rear of housing It enable the nozzle 1 to be screwed into a threaded seat in the carrier '35 of FIG. I or in one of two annular carrier members ll, 21 shown in FlG. 3 and described more fully hereinafier; the midportlon 14, of the nozzle housing is formed for this purpose into a polygonal flange engageable by a wrench.
  • the machine illustrated in FIG. 3 comprises, in addition to the two aforementioned annular nozzle carriers 21 and II, a pair of end caps 22. and I3 threadedly secured to these nozzle carriers which in turn are screwed together so as to form a generally cylindrical body enclosing a fluid chamber 25, the joints between members II, 21', 22, 23 being made fiuidtight by interposed annular gaskets 24. Chamber 25 communicates with an inlet pipe 48 (cf. FIG. 1) through which nearly freezing water at high pressure is supplied from the cooler 44.
  • Each nozzle carrier 21, 21 is part of a tubular shell formed with an annular, array of threaded bores 26, 26 designed to receive the nozzles l of FlG. 2, as particularly illustrated for the carrier 21'.
  • Seats 26 and 26' are provided with longitudinal grooves 28, 28' through which air from an annular channel 3t. 31' can be admitted to the corresponding nozzle inlet by way of an injection passage 29. 29 including a throttling valve 30,
  • air from a lowpressure fan or the like moves again past the orifices of nozzles l to help induce the discharge of line droplets of water which, especially if changed with a nucleating agent and/or a surfactant as described above, crystallize upon contact with the atmosphere so as to turn into snow flakes.
  • a system for making artificial snow comprising an array of nozzles provided with dispersion orifices and conduits lead ing to said orifices, said array being centered on an axis.
  • pump means for supplying water at high pressure to said nozzles by way of said conduits, cooling means between said pump means and said nozzles for maintaining the temperature of the water at said orifices at substantially C.
  • injection means terminating at said conduits for admixing a stream of compressed gas with said water ahead of said orifices, throttle means in said injection means for reducing the fiow rate of said gas to a minor proportion by weight of the flow rate of the water, said orifices opening into an air space of substantially atmospheric pres sure and subfreezing temperature, and circulation means in said air space for propelling the air therein past said orifices in the direction of said axis.
  • said injection means comprising a common manifold connected with said conduits and a source of high-pressure air discharg ing into said manifold.
  • detachably interconnected carriers construction each with a set of said dividual thereto.
  • a system for making artificial snow comprising a generally cylindrical carrier, an array of nozzles provided with of substantially identical nozzles and a manifold in- 00 ing at said conduits for admixing a stream of compressed gas with said water ahead of said orifices, and throttle means in said injection means for reducing the flow rate of said gas to a minor proportion by weight of the flow rate of the water, said orifices opening into an air space of substantially atmospheric pressure and subfreezing temperature, said carrier being provided with an annular channel constituting a common manifold connected with said conduits, and a source of highpressure air discharging into said manifold, said air injection means forming passages in said carrier between said channel and said nozzles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
US810711A 1968-04-08 1969-03-26 Process and system for making artificial snow Expired - Lifetime US3596476A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT345968A AT283398B (de) 1968-04-08 1968-04-08 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von künstlichem Schnee

Publications (1)

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US3596476A true US3596476A (en) 1971-08-03

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US810711A Expired - Lifetime US3596476A (en) 1968-04-08 1969-03-26 Process and system for making artificial snow
US00168440A Expired - Lifetime US3760598A (en) 1968-04-08 1971-08-02 Process for making artificial snow

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00168440A Expired - Lifetime US3760598A (en) 1968-04-08 1971-08-02 Process for making artificial snow

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US (2) US3596476A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4946343B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT283398B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3761020A (en) * 1972-02-17 1973-09-25 J Tropeano Method and apparatus for snow making
US3964682A (en) * 1975-03-17 1976-06-22 Tropeano Philip L Method and apparatus for making snow produced by cumulative crystallization of snow particles
US3979061A (en) * 1974-02-04 1976-09-07 Kircher Everett F Method and apparatus for making artificial snow
US4191125A (en) * 1978-07-03 1980-03-04 Akzona Incorporated Freeze indicator
US4200228A (en) * 1978-09-18 1980-04-29 Woerpel Marvin D Snow making
WO1986007373A1 (en) * 1985-06-04 1986-12-18 Permasnow Limited Method for making artificial snow
US4742958A (en) * 1984-11-06 1988-05-10 Permasnow (Australasia) Limited Method for making artificial snow
AU576298B2 (en) * 1985-06-04 1988-08-18 Permasnow (Australasia) Limited Method for making artificial snow
US5266367A (en) * 1990-02-02 1993-11-30 Miura Dolphins Co., Ltd. Artificial snow granule
US5301512A (en) * 1991-09-12 1994-04-12 Yasuo Yamamoto Method and apparatus for making snow
US6151902A (en) * 1997-09-02 2000-11-28 Stenlake, Jr.; Charles F. Composition for inducing the creation of artificial snow and method of use
US6378778B1 (en) 1998-06-02 2002-04-30 Crea As Snow gun
US6464148B1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2002-10-15 Aquatrols Holding Co., Inc. Snowmaking process
US20040035947A1 (en) * 2002-08-10 2004-02-26 Ratnik H. Ronald Water-only method and apparatus for making snow
US7290722B1 (en) 2003-12-16 2007-11-06 Snow Machines, Inc. Method and apparatus for making snow
RU2321806C2 (ru) * 2006-04-13 2008-04-10 Михаил Владимирович Загайнов Способ формирования поверхностного слоя массива льда для проведения соревнований и тренировок в скоростном беге на коньках
RU2321807C2 (ru) * 2006-05-10 2008-04-10 Михаил Владимирович Загайнов Состав и способ формирования поверхностного слоя массива льда для проведения соревнований и тренировок в скоростном беге на коньках
RU2343370C1 (ru) * 2007-03-07 2009-01-10 Михаил Владимирович Загайнов Способ формирования поверхностного слоя массива льда для проведения соревнований и тренировок в скоростном беге на коньках (варианты)
RU2364806C1 (ru) * 2008-07-10 2009-08-20 Галина Юрьевна Гончарова Способ получения многослойного ледового покрытия для керлинга
US20120111961A1 (en) * 2010-11-09 2012-05-10 Arnold James R Grove sprayer
US9266129B2 (en) 2010-11-09 2016-02-23 James R. Arnold Grove sprayer
US20210018238A1 (en) * 2018-03-13 2021-01-21 Thorsteinn I Viglundsson Method & Apparatus for making wet snow

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3945567A (en) * 1975-07-17 1976-03-23 Gerry Rambach Snow making apparatus
US4062201A (en) * 1976-10-15 1977-12-13 General Electric Company Automatic icemaker including means for minimizing the supercooling effect
US4059970A (en) * 1976-10-15 1977-11-29 General Electric Company Automatic icemaker including means for minimizing the supercooling effect
US4597524A (en) * 1982-03-22 1986-07-01 Albertsson Stig L Snow making machine
DE3368757D1 (en) * 1982-03-22 1987-02-05 Stig L Albertsson Snow making machine
US4593854A (en) * 1984-04-25 1986-06-10 Albertsson Stig L Snow-making machine
US4634050A (en) * 1986-01-03 1987-01-06 Shippee James H Fanless air aspiration snowmaking apparatus
JPS62195040U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1986-06-02 1987-12-11
US5167367A (en) * 1991-01-11 1992-12-01 Snow Machines Incorporated Snowmaking apparatus and methods
IT1289192B1 (it) * 1997-01-23 1998-09-29 Leitner Spa Cannone per la produzione di neve
US6116515A (en) * 1998-02-06 2000-09-12 Chelminski; Stephen Method of using microcrystalline cellulose to enhance artificial snow making
DE202005006569U1 (de) * 2004-10-26 2006-03-09 Innovag AG Aktiengesellschaft für innovative Industrietechnik Schneeraum
TWI537509B (zh) 2010-06-15 2016-06-11 拜歐菲樂Ｉｐ有限責任公司 從導熱金屬導管提取熱能的方法、裝置和系統
TWI525184B (zh) 2011-12-16 2016-03-11 拜歐菲樂Ｉｐ有限責任公司 低溫注射組成物，用於低溫調節導管中流量之系統及方法
EA201600243A1 (ru) 2013-09-13 2016-10-31 БАЙОФИЛМ АйПи, ЛЛЦ Магнитокриогенные затворы, системы и способы модулирования потока в канале

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1437201A (en) * 1921-09-29 1922-11-28 Alfred G Schumann Oil or gas burner
US2516401A (en) * 1947-11-13 1950-07-25 West Disnfecting Company Spraying device
US2676471A (en) * 1950-12-14 1954-04-27 Tey Mfg Corp Method for making and distributing snow
US3062454A (en) * 1961-06-12 1962-11-06 Eric H Cocks Mist spray ring
FR1437437A (fr) * 1964-01-31 1966-05-06 Rohrenwerk U Pumpenfabrik Rudo Dispositif pour produire de la neige artificielle
US3257815A (en) * 1964-07-10 1966-06-28 Conch Int Methane Ltd Method and apparatus for the largescale production of snow fields for sports use
US3298612A (en) * 1964-08-18 1967-01-17 Robert L Torrens Snow-making unit
US3301485A (en) * 1964-09-14 1967-01-31 Joseph C Tropeano Method and apparatus for making frozen particles
US3434661A (en) * 1965-02-02 1969-03-25 Willard Sterling Boyle Snow making
US3464625A (en) * 1965-01-22 1969-09-02 Atlas Copco Ab Method and means for making snow

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2968164A (en) * 1958-02-24 1961-01-17 Alden W Hanson Method of generating snow

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1437201A (en) * 1921-09-29 1922-11-28 Alfred G Schumann Oil or gas burner
US2516401A (en) * 1947-11-13 1950-07-25 West Disnfecting Company Spraying device
US2676471A (en) * 1950-12-14 1954-04-27 Tey Mfg Corp Method for making and distributing snow
US3062454A (en) * 1961-06-12 1962-11-06 Eric H Cocks Mist spray ring
FR1437437A (fr) * 1964-01-31 1966-05-06 Rohrenwerk U Pumpenfabrik Rudo Dispositif pour produire de la neige artificielle
US3257815A (en) * 1964-07-10 1966-06-28 Conch Int Methane Ltd Method and apparatus for the largescale production of snow fields for sports use
US3298612A (en) * 1964-08-18 1967-01-17 Robert L Torrens Snow-making unit
US3301485A (en) * 1964-09-14 1967-01-31 Joseph C Tropeano Method and apparatus for making frozen particles
US3464625A (en) * 1965-01-22 1969-09-02 Atlas Copco Ab Method and means for making snow
US3434661A (en) * 1965-02-02 1969-03-25 Willard Sterling Boyle Snow making

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3761020A (en) * 1972-02-17 1973-09-25 J Tropeano Method and apparatus for snow making
US3979061A (en) * 1974-02-04 1976-09-07 Kircher Everett F Method and apparatus for making artificial snow
US3964682A (en) * 1975-03-17 1976-06-22 Tropeano Philip L Method and apparatus for making snow produced by cumulative crystallization of snow particles
US4191125A (en) * 1978-07-03 1980-03-04 Akzona Incorporated Freeze indicator
US4200228A (en) * 1978-09-18 1980-04-29 Woerpel Marvin D Snow making
US4742958A (en) * 1984-11-06 1988-05-10 Permasnow (Australasia) Limited Method for making artificial snow
WO1986007373A1 (en) * 1985-06-04 1986-12-18 Permasnow Limited Method for making artificial snow
GB2186673A (en) * 1985-06-04 1987-08-19 Permasnow Ltd Method for making artificial snow
AU576298B2 (en) * 1985-06-04 1988-08-18 Permasnow (Australasia) Limited Method for making artificial snow
US4793142A (en) * 1985-06-04 1988-12-27 Permasnow (Australasia) Limited Method for making artificial snow
GB2186673B (en) * 1985-06-04 1989-07-19 Permasnow Ltd Method for making artificial snow
US5556671A (en) * 1990-02-02 1996-09-17 Miura Dolphins Co., Ltd. Artificial snow in an aggregate form of snow granules
US5436039A (en) * 1990-02-02 1995-07-25 Miura Dolphins, Co., Ltd. Artificial snow in an aggregate form of snow granules
US5266367A (en) * 1990-02-02 1993-11-30 Miura Dolphins Co., Ltd. Artificial snow granule
US5301512A (en) * 1991-09-12 1994-04-12 Yasuo Yamamoto Method and apparatus for making snow
US6151902A (en) * 1997-09-02 2000-11-28 Stenlake, Jr.; Charles F. Composition for inducing the creation of artificial snow and method of use
US6378778B1 (en) 1998-06-02 2002-04-30 Crea As Snow gun
US6464148B1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2002-10-15 Aquatrols Holding Co., Inc. Snowmaking process
US20030006291A1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2003-01-09 Costa Dominic Charles Snowmaking process
US7562831B2 (en) * 1999-05-03 2009-07-21 Aquatrols Corporation Of America, Inc. Snowmaking process
US6793148B2 (en) * 2002-08-10 2004-09-21 Ratnik Industries, Incorporated Water-only method and apparatus for making snow
US20040035947A1 (en) * 2002-08-10 2004-02-26 Ratnik H. Ronald Water-only method and apparatus for making snow
US7290722B1 (en) 2003-12-16 2007-11-06 Snow Machines, Inc. Method and apparatus for making snow
RU2321806C2 (ru) * 2006-04-13 2008-04-10 Михаил Владимирович Загайнов Способ формирования поверхностного слоя массива льда для проведения соревнований и тренировок в скоростном беге на коньках
RU2321807C2 (ru) * 2006-05-10 2008-04-10 Михаил Владимирович Загайнов Состав и способ формирования поверхностного слоя массива льда для проведения соревнований и тренировок в скоростном беге на коньках
RU2343370C1 (ru) * 2007-03-07 2009-01-10 Михаил Владимирович Загайнов Способ формирования поверхностного слоя массива льда для проведения соревнований и тренировок в скоростном беге на коньках (варианты)
RU2364806C1 (ru) * 2008-07-10 2009-08-20 Галина Юрьевна Гончарова Способ получения многослойного ледового покрытия для керлинга
US20120111961A1 (en) * 2010-11-09 2012-05-10 Arnold James R Grove sprayer
US9266129B2 (en) 2010-11-09 2016-02-23 James R. Arnold Grove sprayer
US20210018238A1 (en) * 2018-03-13 2021-01-21 Thorsteinn I Viglundsson Method & Apparatus for making wet snow

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US3760598A (en) 1973-09-25
DE1751844A1 (de) 1971-08-19
JPS4946343B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-09
AT283398B (de) 1970-08-10
DE1751844B2 (de) 1974-08-01

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