US3596210A - N-input aperiodic hybrid coupler - Google Patents

N-input aperiodic hybrid coupler Download PDF

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Publication number
US3596210A
US3596210A US838400A US3596210DA US3596210A US 3596210 A US3596210 A US 3596210A US 838400 A US838400 A US 838400A US 3596210D A US3596210D A US 3596210DA US 3596210 A US3596210 A US 3596210A
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coupler
conductors
resistors
receiving
terminals
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Expired - Lifetime
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US838400A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alberto Pimentel
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/48—Networks for connecting several sources or loads, working on the same frequency or frequency band, to a common load or source
    • H03H7/487—Networks for connecting several sources or loads, working on the same frequency or frequency band, to a common load or source particularly adapted as coupling circuit between transmitters and antennas

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An aperiodic coupler having any number of in- 333/9, 333/11 puts and comprising the same number of two-wire lines, each Int. Cl. B0lp 5/12 associated with a high permeability magnetic core. Field of Search 333/6, 7, 9, Its insertion loss is negligible and it has substantial 1 l, 17 decoupling between any two inputs.
  • the present invention relates to n-input aperiodic hybrid couplers.
  • Two-input hybrid couplers are known, which enable two signals to be added or, conversely enable a single signal to be split into two others, whilst providing effective decoupling between the two-input or output channels.
  • This kind of circuit makes it possible to add n sources, practically without any loss, and to decouple each of them from the others provided that n is a whole number power of 2.
  • an aperiodic hybrid coupler for coupling together n first energy providing or receiving terminals with one energy receiving or providing terminal, said coupler comprising; n pairs of conductors having a length substantially below the shortest wavelength of signals applied on said terminals, each pair comprising a first conductor coupled at one end to one of said first terminals and a second conductor coupled at one end to said one terminal, a resistance network having n terminals and comprising n resistors, each of said terminals being coupled to the second end of one of said first and one of said second conductors of different pairs.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a known two-input coupler
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of an n-input coupler in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of another embodiment of the n-input coupler in accordance with the invention.
  • high frequency generators 1 and 2 respectively supply, through their respective outputs 8 and 9, the respec tive ends 41 and 42 of a resistor 4, through respective conductors 31 and 32 of the respective lines 6 and 7 which extend through ferrite sheaths 51 and 52, or, more generally, are each associated with a high permeability magnetic core.
  • the ends 41 and 42 of the resistor 4 are also connected to the end 43 of a load resistor through the conductors 33 and 34 of the lines 6 and 7, the other end of resistor 5 being earthed.
  • the arrows l1, 12, 13, 14 indicate the direction of current flow produced by the generator and the arrows 21, 22, 23, 24 that of the current flow produced by the generator 2, it being assumed that the generators 1 and 2 are in phase and that the lines and connections are short compared with the wavelength.
  • the internal impedance of the generators will preferably be identical to the characteristic impedance of the lines, the value of which will be equivalent to twice the resistance of the balancing resistor 4, and of the load resistor 5.
  • the characteristic impedance of the lines may obviously be matched to the other impedances of the circuit, the less strictly the shorter the lines are in relation to the wavelength.
  • the ferrite sheaths 51 and 52 have the effect of insulating the lines from the high frequency point of view, vis-a-vis the exterior, and of ensuring symmetry of the currents in each conductor, this in particular if the line is of the coaxial type.
  • the resistors 4 and 5 have an ohmic resistance equivalent to half the characteristic impedance of the lines 6 and 7, this insuring the matching since these resistors can be considered as formed by two parallel resistors of twice their resistance, associated with each of the lines.
  • the coupler in accordance with the invention has the same properties but may have any number n of inputs.
  • the arrangement of FIG. 2 comprises n two-wire lines, identical to those of FIG. 1. For the sake of clarity, only the two first ones L, and L the two last ones L,, and L, and one of the intermediate ones L have been shown.
  • a first conductor connects one of the generator G G,...G,...G,, G,, to one end of the n respective balance resistors R to R',',, and a second conductor connects the other ends of said resistors to one and the same load resistor R,.
  • the n resistors R, to R, form a closed loop arrangement 15 in which they are connected in series.
  • the arrow illustrates the direction in which the sum of the currents i and i flows, namely:
  • the resistance r common to the resistors R, to R and that of the load resistor R, should be such that each generator is matched and decoupled from the others.
  • the matching condition is satisfied if the sum of the impedances as seen from the generator, is equal to R, that is to say if:
  • the graphs [7 and 18 show that if one of the generators is producing a power less than the nominal power, the power loss measured in decibels in relation to the power produced by said single generator, is less than 1 db. if the faulty generator G J is producing about half its rated power; it is negligible if the faulty generator is producing at least two-thirds of the rated power.
  • resistors R,, R,, R R], R R and R have been shown.
  • the free ends of these resistors are connected in such fashion that the line L is loaded by R,,+R,, the line L; by R,+R- the line L] by R ,+R,-, the line L by R., +R,, and the line L, by R,, +R,,.
  • R R/n It will be seen that R, retains the same value as in the preceding circuit, but r is different.
  • This device has exactly the same properties as the preceding circuit, as far as the energy balance is concerned.
  • the coupler can be designed to cope with the situation where all the input impedances, either transmitting or receiving power, are different.
  • the balance resistors will likewise be different and, for n inputs, n corresponding values will be obtained by using a system of equations of n unknowns.
  • variable power thus dissipated in the balance resistors can be used in relation to earth by arranging between each of them and their points of connection, an isolating line similar to the lines L, to L,,.
  • this coupler can be used as a splitter, the same possibilities being retained, since the distribution of current remains unchanged and is controlled by the same relationships albeit between different quantities.
  • the lines can be formed by coaxial cable, strip-lines or twisted wires, and they may be wound on separate ferrite rings, or upon a single ring, or again be encased in sheaths of the same material.
  • An aperiodic hybrid coupler for coupling together a number n, greater than two, of first energy providing or receiving terminals with one energy receiving or providing terminal, said coupler comprising: n pairs of conductors having a length substantially below the shortest operating wavelength of said coupler, each pair comprising a first conductor having first and second ends and a second conductor having first and second ends, the first ends of said first conductors being respectively coupled to said n first terminals, the first ends of said second conductors being coupled to said one terminal, magnetic means for ensuring symmetry of the currents in the two conductors of each of said pairs of conductors, and a resistance network having n terminals and comprising n resistors, said n network terminals being on the one hand respectively coupled to said second ends of said n first conductors and on the other hand respectively coupled to said second ends of said n second conductors, each of said network terminals being coupled to the second ends of two conductors belonging to two different pairs.
  • each of said n first terminals are connected respectively to an energy providing or receiving device and said one terminal to an energy receiving or providing device, said n energy providing or receiving devices having an identical impedance equivalent to a resistance R, said receiving or providing device having an impedance equal to (R/n), said resistors having a value equal to (R(n-l )ln).
  • each of said n first terminals are connected respectively to an energy providing or receiving device and said one terminal to an energy receiving or providing device, said n energy providing or receiving device having an identical impedance equivalent to resistance R, said receiving or providing device having an impedance equal to R/n, said resistors having a value equal to R.

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  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
US838400A 1968-07-10 1969-07-02 N-input aperiodic hybrid coupler Expired - Lifetime US3596210A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR158569 1968-07-10

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US3596210A true US3596210A (en) 1971-07-27

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US838400A Expired - Lifetime US3596210A (en) 1968-07-10 1969-07-02 N-input aperiodic hybrid coupler

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US (1) US3596210A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1934724C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1589070A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1255675A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE360791B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3766499A (en) * 1971-12-11 1973-10-16 Bosch Elektronik Gmbh Directional broadband coupler arrangement

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2547679B1 (fr) * 1983-06-17 1985-10-18 Thomson Csf Coupleur de trois voies electriques, a large bande, pour radiofrequences

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3766499A (en) * 1971-12-11 1973-10-16 Bosch Elektronik Gmbh Directional broadband coupler arrangement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1934724B2 (de) 1979-01-25
SE360791B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-10-01
DE1934724A1 (de) 1970-01-15
GB1255675A (en) 1971-12-01
DE1934724C3 (de) 1979-09-20
FR1589070A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-03-23

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