US3595219A - Heart rate sensor device - Google Patents

Heart rate sensor device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3595219A
US3595219A US763122A US3595219DA US3595219A US 3595219 A US3595219 A US 3595219A US 763122 A US763122 A US 763122A US 3595219D A US3595219D A US 3595219DA US 3595219 A US3595219 A US 3595219A
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heart
square wave
rate
heart rate
output terminals
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Sidney L Friedlander
Walter Vincent Blockley
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/0245—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate by using sensing means generating electric signals, i.e. ECG signals
    • A61B5/02455—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate by using sensing means generating electric signals, i.e. ECG signals provided with high/low alarm devices

Definitions

  • I e signals used for this purpose are audio signals, one type in- UNITED STATES PATENTS dicating that the actual heart rate is lower than it should be 2,536,527 1/1951 Appel 128/2.05 and another type signal indicating that it is higher.
  • a null in- 2,848,992 8/1958 Pigeon 128/205 dicates that the actual and set rates coincide.
  • the present invention relates in general to the medical instrument field and more particularly relates to an electronic device for continuously monitoring the heart.
  • heart rate is a linear function of workload under most ordinary circumstances, with the result that the most common index of effort or cardiovascular strain is the heart rate itself.
  • healthy individuals of very different characteristics relative to fitness for exercise attain the same heart rate at the same proportion of their maximum capacity, and there is no reason to suppose that cardiac patients are substantially different in this respect from healthy men.
  • a particular workload such as walking at a fixed speed up a fixed grade, would produce a much higher heart rate in an unfit patient who is suffering from cardiovascular disease or recovering from a heart attack than it would produce in a fit and healthy individual.
  • a young athlete would show a much lower heart rate when performing the same work than would the average healthy male or female.
  • this heart rate In making a determination of this heart rate so that it can be prescribed for the patient, whether it be in the hospital laboratory or in the doctor's office, the heart rate is continuously monitored while the workload is increased in small stepwise increments until the level is found where the desired heart rate is obtained.
  • a doctor wishes his patient to have information about his heart rate outside the laboratory or examination room, he must either teach the patient to take his own pulse, which is rather difficult to do even under the best of conditions while working or exercising, or provide him with a cardiotachometer or pulse meter whose meter dial would provide an indication of the heart rate.
  • the basic difficulty with both these approaches is that they demand constant conscious attention and they are awkward to use, thereby making these instruments impractical for field use by the patient. It is hard to see, for example, how one can safely ride a bicycle while counting ones own pulse or while looking at a pulse rate meter.
  • an embodiment of the present invention for the first time provides the doctor and patient with an inconspicuous miniature device that continuously monitors heart rate for the user, and announces or provides a signal only when the rate measured differs from the one that the physician has preselected as the operating level.
  • Embodiments of the present invention can also be used beneficially by healthy persons in their fitness development programs and, in such cases, the trainer or the user himself can select the heart rate level that is to be maintained.
  • the EKG wave produced by the heart beat is picked up by a pair of electrodes, usually located on the chest.
  • this EKG wave is ofa complex nature and includes as a component thereof what is known as the R wave or pulse.
  • this R wave is selectively amplified to a predetermined level, the amplifier R wave then being used to trigger a monostable multivibrator that produces a square wave of a known and fixed duration for each beat ofthe heart.
  • the duration of the square wave is set equal to the R to R intervals of the prescribed or specified heart rate and what is then detected is the interval from the end of one square wave to the onset of the next.
  • This DC voltage is fed through a high resistance to one side of the diode, the other side being connected to the output of an audio oscillator whose base to peak amplitude just equals this DC voltage, If an earphone is placed on the DC side of the diode, no sound will be heard because even at the peak of the audio signal the amplitude just equals the DC back bias and thus no current can flow. If, now, the heart rate decreases, thereby increasing the time between the end of one square wave and the onset of the next, the above-said storage capacitor discharges further, thereby lowering the DC back bias to momentarily allow some audio signal through the diode. This results in a short beeping sound in the earphone at the heart rate.
  • an object ofthe present invention to provide a heart rate sensor device that informs the user whenever his heart rate differs from a preselected value.
  • lt is another object of the present invention to provide a heart rate monitoring device that uses an audio signal rather than visual means to indicate heart rate.
  • lt is a further object of the present invention to provide a heart rate measuring device that produces a null (zero output) at the desired heart rate so that the user is not distracted when the heart rate is at the selected value.
  • lt is still another object of the present invention to provide a heart rate measuring device wherein, for each heart beat, a square wave is generated whose duration is set equal to the interval ofa preselected and desired heart rate and, wherein the interval between successive square waves is used to indicate the deviation ofthe actual heart beat rate from the preselected rate.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the wave produced by a beat of the heart, known in the medical field as the EKG wave
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown.
  • the overall device is illustrated in schematic circuit form for the purpose of indicating a reduction to practice, a block diagram has been superimposed over the schematics in order to facilitate and expedite the description.
  • the FIG. 2 embodiment includes a three-stage RC coupled amplifier whose preferred design is such that it is sharply tuned at 12 c.p.s., nulled at 60 c.p.s., and has an overall gain of 2,000.
  • Amplifier 10 is coupled at its output end to the input of a one-shot multivibrator 11 capable of producing a square wave of variable pulse width.
  • an RC coupled audio oscillator 12 that is preferably designed to produce a signal of from l tb 3 kilocycles.
  • an annunciator circuit 13 located and coupled between multivibrator 11 and audio oscillator 12 is an annunciator circuit 13 whose function it is to let the user ofthe device audibly know that his heart rate, as detected by the device, differs from that for which the device has been set.
  • Amplifier l0, multivibrator 11, and oscillator 12 are standard-type networks and, therefore, it is not deemed necessary to describe them in any detail.
  • nunciator circuit 13 on the other hand, does require detailed discussion and this will be provided below.
  • the device is powered by a source of electrical power, such as a battery 14, through a switch 15.
  • annunciator circuit includes a resistor 16 and a potentiometer 17 connected in series, this series combination of resistor and potentiometer being connected in parallel with a capacitor 18.
  • One junction of this parallel combination of elements is connected to ground, the other junction thereof being connected both to the output of multivibrator 11 and through a fixed resistor 20 to the cathode side of a diode that is generally designated as 21.
  • the anode side of this diode 21 is connected both to the output of audio oscillator 12 and through a fixed resistor 22 to ground, as shown in the figure.
  • the junction between resistor 20 and diode 21, designated 23, is coupled through a bypass capacitor 24 to one terminal of a pair of terminals 25, the other terminal of the pair being connected directly to ground.
  • an earphone is plugged into terminals 25 so that any audio signals produced by the device may readily be heard by the user.
  • the earphone is not a part of the invention and, furthermore, since it is a standard device that is well known and available in the market place, it is not shown in the drawing.
  • the EKG wave produced by the heart is picked up by a pair of body electrodes that are usually located on the chest.
  • this EKG wave is ofa complex nature and includes a component spike or pulse that has come to be designated technically as the R wave or pulse.
  • a typical EKG wave is illustrated in FIG. 1 and the R pulse therein, designated 26, is clearly shown.
  • the body electrodes an electrode of the kind that can be used herein is shown and described in the patent issued to R. M. Berman, et al. on Apr. I6, 1963, U.S. Pat. No. 3,085,577, entitled Body Electrode.
  • each EKG wave produced by the heart is fed to amplifier network 10 wherein the R wave portion thereof is selectively amplified, for example, to a level of l-3 volts, before being applied to one-shot multivibrator 11. Accordingly, over a period oftime, a train of voltage spikes or pulses of suitable amplitude is applied to the multivibrator which, in response thereto, produces or attempts to produce a corresponding train of square wave pulses.
  • the duration of the square waves are set equal to the R to R interval of the preferred heart rate, that is to say, the heart rate specified or prescribed by the doctor to be attained.
  • capacitor 18 has very little opportunity to discharge between pulses. Basically, therefore, a DC voltage substantially equal to the peak amplitude of the multivibrator square waves is applied to the cathode of diode 21 to back bias it.
  • the audio signal out of oscillator 12 is applied to the anode of diode 21.
  • the base to peak amplitude of the oscillator signal is made to just equal this DC voltage on the cathode, and this is what is done, no portion of the audio signal gets through to terminals 25. Consequently, when the actual heart rate equals the prescribed heart rate, no sound is heard by any earphone that may be plugged into terminals and a sound null is obtained. If, now, the users heart rate should decrease for some reason, thereby increasing the time between the hearts EKG waves and, in turn, increasing the time between the end of one square wave and the onset of the next, capacitor 18 will have time to discharge much further during the interval between pulses.
  • the DC backbias on diode 21 is sufficiently lowered between pulses to momentarily allow some audio signal through the diode during each such interval to produce a series of short beeping" sounds in the earphone at the users actual heart rate.
  • the slower the heart rate the longer and more pronounced this beeping sound becomes, as may be expected.
  • the users heart rate be increased towards the set point, that is to say, toward the prescribed heart rate, the sound will gradually disappear until the rate has once again increased to'the point where the R to R interval is just about equal to the square wave duration. At this point, we again have a sound null.
  • the heart rate should increase or rise above the rate for which the device is set, the R to R interval will be less than the duration of a square wave out of the multivibrator.
  • the second R wave arrives while the multivibrator is still in its transient state and, therefore, is incapable of being retriggered at that time.
  • every other R wave is ignored" and a square wave is generated only with every other heart beat.
  • capacitor 18 now has a chance to almost fully discharge between pulses, which means that the audio cutoff level or back bias on diode 31 practically drops to zero during these intervals. Accordingly, when the actual heart rate goes above the prescribed heartrate, a fullvolume repetitive warning signal is suddenly produced in the earphone.
  • a device has the ability to sharply discriminate between the selected heart rate and a rate that is either slightly lower or higher than it. More particularly, whenever the measured heart rate is slower than the preset rate, a blip" sound is heard'in the earphone that is synchronized with the users heart beat. When the heart rate is equal to the preselected value, the earphone is silent. Finally, when the target heart rate is exceeded, an insistent repetitive warning tone is heard in the earphone. This is one of the key features of this invention.
  • a heart rate indicating device having a pair of output terminals and adapted to provide prescribed audio signals at the pair ofoutput terminals in response to the application of heart pulse signals corresponding to the heart beat rate of a user thereof whenever said heart beat rate differs from a preselected rate, said device comprising:
  • pulsing means operable in response to heart pulse signals to produce corresponding square wave pulses, said means including variable means for adjusting the duration of said square wave pulses until it is substantially equal to the interval between heart beats at the preselected heart rate;
  • an annunciator means coupled between said pulsing means and said oscillator, for respectively receiving the square wave pulses and audio signal therefrom, said annunciator means including means for applying said audio signal to said output terminals during periods intermediate successive square wave pulses whereby a sound null is produced when the user's heart beat rate is substantially equal to the preselected rate, a first distinctive audio signal is produced indicating that the users heart beat rate is nominally below the preselected rate, and a second distinctive audio signal is produced indicating that the users heart beat rate is nominally above the preselected rate.
  • said pulsing means includes amplifier means adapted to amplify only a selected portion of said heart pulse signals; and a monostable multivibrator coupled to said amplifier means to produce said square wave pulses in response to the amplified heart pulse signals, said variable means being adapted to permit manual variation of the width of said square wave pulses.
  • said annunciator means includes a diode having anode and cathode elements, and a biasing circuit that produces a direct-current voltage in response to said square wave pulses, said anode element being connected to said audio oscillator to receive the audio signal therefrom and said cathode element being connected to said biasing circuit to receive the direct-current voltage therefrom, a first of said pair of output terminals being operatively connected between said biasing circuit and said cathode element, a second of said pair of output terminals being maintained at a ground potential.
  • said pulsing means includes amplifier means adapted to amplify only a selected portion of said heart pulse signals, and a monostable multivibrator coupled to said amplifier means to produce said square wave pulses in response to the output therefrom, said variable means being adapted to permit manual variation of the width of said square wave pulses; and wherein said annunciator means includes a diode having anode and cathode elements, and a biasing circuit that produces a direct-current voltage in response to said train of square wave pulses, said anode element being connected to said audio oscillator to receive the audio signal therefrom and said cathode element being connected to said biasing circuit to receive the direct-current voltage therefrom, a first of said pair of output terminals being operatively connected between said biasing circuit and said diode, a second of said pair of output terminals being adapted to be maintained at a ground potential.
  • said biasing circuit includes a resistor and a capacitor connected to smooth the square wave pulses applied to said annunciator means.
  • said annunciator means includes a diode having anode and cathode elements, said anode element being connected to said audio oscillator, said pair of output terminals being adapted to be coupled to an audio transducer, one of said pair of output terminals being connected to a ground lead;
  • a capacitor connected between said cathode element and the other of said pair of output terminals; smoothing network connected between said pulsing means and ground; and resistor connected between said pulsing means and said cathode element.
  • said pulsing means includes amplifier means adapted to amplify only a selected portion of the heart pulse signals produced in response to the heart beat; and a monostable multivibrator coupled between said amplifier means and said annunciator means.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
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  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
US763122A 1968-09-27 1968-09-27 Heart rate sensor device Expired - Lifetime US3595219A (en)

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3841315A (en) * 1973-03-14 1974-10-15 Eagle Monitor Syst Method and apparatus for continuously monitoring heartbeat rate
US3863626A (en) * 1972-09-07 1975-02-04 Anton Huber Apparatus for surveying and indicating the physical effort of an individual
US3875930A (en) * 1973-02-22 1975-04-08 Said Silva By Said Narrace System and method of measuring and correlating human physiological characteristics such as brainwave frequency
US6572511B1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-06-03 Joseph Charles Volpe Heart rate sensor for controlling entertainment devices
US20060084551A1 (en) * 2003-04-23 2006-04-20 Volpe Joseph C Jr Heart rate monitor for controlling entertainment devices
US20100217100A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2010-08-26 Leboeuf Steven Francis Methods and Apparatus for Measuring Physiological Conditions
US8989830B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2015-03-24 Valencell, Inc. Wearable light-guiding devices for physiological monitoring
US9044180B2 (en) 2007-10-25 2015-06-02 Valencell, Inc. Noninvasive physiological analysis using excitation-sensor modules and related devices and methods
US9289175B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2016-03-22 Valencell, Inc. Light-guiding devices and monitoring devices incorporating same
US9427191B2 (en) 2011-07-25 2016-08-30 Valencell, Inc. Apparatus and methods for estimating time-state physiological parameters
US9538921B2 (en) 2014-07-30 2017-01-10 Valencell, Inc. Physiological monitoring devices with adjustable signal analysis and interrogation power and monitoring methods using same
US9750462B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2017-09-05 Valencell, Inc. Monitoring apparatus and methods for measuring physiological and/or environmental conditions
US9794653B2 (en) 2014-09-27 2017-10-17 Valencell, Inc. Methods and apparatus for improving signal quality in wearable biometric monitoring devices
US9801552B2 (en) 2011-08-02 2017-10-31 Valencell, Inc. Systems and methods for variable filter adjustment by heart rate metric feedback
US10015582B2 (en) 2014-08-06 2018-07-03 Valencell, Inc. Earbud monitoring devices
US10076253B2 (en) 2013-01-28 2018-09-18 Valencell, Inc. Physiological monitoring devices having sensing elements decoupled from body motion
US10258243B2 (en) 2006-12-19 2019-04-16 Valencell, Inc. Apparatus, systems, and methods for measuring environmental exposure and physiological response thereto
US10413197B2 (en) 2006-12-19 2019-09-17 Valencell, Inc. Apparatus, systems and methods for obtaining cleaner physiological information signals
US10610158B2 (en) 2015-10-23 2020-04-07 Valencell, Inc. Physiological monitoring devices and methods that identify subject activity type
US10827979B2 (en) 2011-01-27 2020-11-10 Valencell, Inc. Wearable monitoring device
US10945618B2 (en) 2015-10-23 2021-03-16 Valencell, Inc. Physiological monitoring devices and methods for noise reduction in physiological signals based on subject activity type
US10966662B2 (en) 2016-07-08 2021-04-06 Valencell, Inc. Motion-dependent averaging for physiological metric estimating systems and methods

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IL37250A (en) * 1970-07-17 1975-04-25 Survival Technology Apparatus for diagnosing heart condition
US4066069A (en) * 1976-05-18 1978-01-03 Volker Dolch Heart rate change sensor

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US3002185A (en) * 1961-09-26 Low frequency pulse detector
US2536527A (en) * 1950-02-13 1951-01-02 Appel Albert Fetal heart monitor
US2848992A (en) * 1954-09-15 1958-08-26 Pigeon Gerard Apparatus for controlling the pulse
US3171892A (en) * 1961-06-27 1965-03-02 Pantle Jorge Oltvani Electronic apparatus for the observation of signals of biological origin
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Cited By (84)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3863626A (en) * 1972-09-07 1975-02-04 Anton Huber Apparatus for surveying and indicating the physical effort of an individual
US3875930A (en) * 1973-02-22 1975-04-08 Said Silva By Said Narrace System and method of measuring and correlating human physiological characteristics such as brainwave frequency
US3841315A (en) * 1973-03-14 1974-10-15 Eagle Monitor Syst Method and apparatus for continuously monitoring heartbeat rate
US6572511B1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-06-03 Joseph Charles Volpe Heart rate sensor for controlling entertainment devices
US20060084551A1 (en) * 2003-04-23 2006-04-20 Volpe Joseph C Jr Heart rate monitor for controlling entertainment devices
US7354380B2 (en) 2003-04-23 2008-04-08 Volpe Jr Joseph C Heart rate monitor for controlling entertainment devices
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US10716481B2 (en) 2006-12-19 2020-07-21 Valencell, Inc. Apparatus, systems and methods for monitoring and evaluating cardiopulmonary functioning
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US11395595B2 (en) 2006-12-19 2022-07-26 Valencell, Inc. Apparatus, systems and methods for monitoring and evaluating cardiopulmonary functioning
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US11412938B2 (en) 2006-12-19 2022-08-16 Valencell, Inc. Physiological monitoring apparatus and networks
US9808204B2 (en) 2007-10-25 2017-11-07 Valencell, Inc. Noninvasive physiological analysis using excitation-sensor modules and related devices and methods
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SE363469B (da) 1974-01-21
DE1940833A1 (de) 1970-04-02
CH507698A (fr) 1971-05-31
LU59519A1 (da) 1970-01-09
DE1940833B2 (de) 1976-12-16
JPS4941876B1 (da) 1974-11-12
BE739477A (da) 1970-03-02
DK125057B (da) 1972-12-27
GB1234169A (da) 1971-06-03
FR2019018A1 (da) 1970-06-26

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