US3593892A - Construction of silos - Google Patents

Construction of silos Download PDF

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Publication number
US3593892A
US3593892A US801402A US3593892DA US3593892A US 3593892 A US3593892 A US 3593892A US 801402 A US801402 A US 801402A US 3593892D A US3593892D A US 3593892DA US 3593892 A US3593892 A US 3593892A
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United States
Prior art keywords
silo
hollow
decompression
chimney
elements
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Expired - Lifetime
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US801402A
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English (en)
Inventor
Georges Leon Henri Petit
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STEPHANOISE DE CONSTRUCTIONS MECHANIQUES A JOINT STOCK Co Ste
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Petit Georges L H
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Assigned to SOCIETE STEPHANOISE DE CONSTRUCTIONS MECHANIQUES, A JOINT STOCK COMPANY reassignment SOCIETE STEPHANOISE DE CONSTRUCTIONS MECHANIQUES, A JOINT STOCK COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: PETIT, GEORGES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B65D88/64—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B65D88/64—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation
    • B65D88/66—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation using vibrating or knocking devices

Definitions

  • Silo includes interior [radially extending hollow bodies each having an ogival cross-sectional shape. Inclination of walls of each body increases from its apex to its base. interiors of bodies may be accessible from outside the silo.
  • Hollow tubular element terminating at its upper end in an ogival member, may be arranged along axis of silo and supported by the bodies.
  • Each hollow body may carry an ogival roof capable of movement, eg. vibration, with respect to the body,
  • the sides of the bodies may be defined by distinct planes, each having a slope greater than the one above it.
  • the tubular element may terminate at its bottom in telescopic elements which extend into a hopper.
  • the present invention relates to various improvements in silos, particularly as regards their shapes, structures and their internal geometry, with a view to facilitating the flow of products which are stored therein.
  • a silo is essentially a container of cylindrical or prismatic form, terminated at its base by a hopper in the form of an inverted truncated cone or truncated pyramid.
  • the flow of the contents of such a silo varies with large proportions, depending on the nature of the product, the filling conditions and the internal geometry of the silo. It is possible broadly to distinguish between three types of flow, namely, the mass flow, the chimney" flow and the funnel" flow.
  • the diagrammatic FIGS. l, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings respectively illustrate these three types of flow.
  • domelike arches of the type of the initial arch as hereinbefore defined applying either at the commencement of emptying, or during the emptying, after considerable avalanches have occurred in the silo. It may also be a question of retaining rings of material in the form of circular arches accumulated at the periphery of the outlet orifice, with an inherent high cohesion (arching effect).
  • the static pressure at a point of the silo is the pressure at which the filling product is found to be subjected under the weight of the material which overhangs it; at a given point, it thus depends on the filling level of the silo.
  • the dynamic pressure is that which results from the more or less great free dropping height ofthe product at the time when it is introduced into the silo: the sudden stoppage of the product against the wall of the hopper and then against the product already in position establishes a packing effect, showing a strong hysteresis.
  • decompression floors In order to reduce the influence of the pressure factors referred to above, it has already been proposed to interpose horizontal floors known as decompression floors along the path of descent of the materials.
  • the purpose of these elements is very simple: when the silo is being filled, they break the descending currents of product, thus reducing the compacting and the dynamic pressure. On the other hand, on emptying the silos, they reduce the static pressure for all the zone which they overhang.
  • decompression floors are known in principle, it has appeared that they can still be greatly perfected, both as regards their shape, structure and their arrangement inside the silo, and these are the improvements which form one of the essential objects of the present invention.
  • hollow bodies preferably prisms of ogival section having an inclination increasing from the apex to the base, these elements being disposed in a radial plane relatively to the axis of the silo, or more generally in a plane passing substantially through the axis of flow of each hopper.
  • these prisms forms cross members for the wall of the silo or of the hopper and the interior of said prisms is accessible from outside the silo.
  • each decompression prism comprises an ogival roof capable of slight loosening movements relatively to the prism assembly, which is fixed.
  • the roof of each prism can be mounted on the prism by means of deformable systems, for example, rubber blocks.
  • the roof of each prism can be associated with one or more vibrating elements.
  • the increasing inclination of the ogival elements of the decompression prisms is presented as a broken line comprising a succession of slope-interrupting points, these having the effect of restarting the flow.
  • a hollow tubular elei preferably at its upper end, in an ogival member, the section of which has an increasing slope, which is preferably discontinuous.
  • the tubular chimneys are hereinbefore defined can end in one or more adjustable telescopic elements which can be brought to a relatively great depth in the bottom end of the silo and extend into the hopper.
  • the tubular chimneys are held in position by means of hollow decompression prisms forming cross members, the interior of the prisms communicating with the interior of the chimneys.
  • the silo is equipped with a tubular axial chimney held in position by at least one assembly comprising two radially disposed decompression prisms which are disposed crosswise in a horizontal lane.
  • the slope of the outlet hopper increases progressively from top to bottom by varying values.
  • FIGS. l, 2, 3 and 3a have already been discussed.
  • FIG. 4 represents as a vertical axial section a silo which is a cylinder of revolution and comprises, according to the invention, a central tubular chimney which is held in position by decompression prisms.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view along the line V-V of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a horizontal section along the section line VI-VI of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 7 represents the section of a decompression prism, showing how a vibrating roof can be arranged above it.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic view as a vertical section of a silo comprising a plurality of outlet hoppers and equipped with decompression prisms according to the invention.
  • a silo in its upper part, comprising the shaft extended by at least a first hopper, these elements being assumed to be fixed, i.e. unvibrated. It must be understood that other hopper stages (capable of being vibrated) can be mounted so as to follow the first, in order to bring the products to an extractor.
  • the outlet of this first hopper is of suitable dimensions so as to approach as far as possible the section of natural fiow, this latter generally being prohibitive; in other words, one has to be certain that no serious error has been committed in the general outlet profile of the hopper and in the relative dimensions of the hopper and shaft (see on this subject, for example, the article by Andrew W.
  • the silo comprises, in a manner known per se, and about a central axis AA, a substantially cylindrical main body 10 and a substantially frustoconical hopper ll. Situated beneath the hopper ll is an extractor assembly l2, which can be fed by a decompression hopper 13, which may be vibratable.
  • a tubular central chimney I4 is mounted along the axis AA,l said chimney being terminated at its upper end by a preferably ⁇ Aremovable ogival member l5.
  • the assembly 14, l5 is held in position by two hollow prism stages disposed crosswise at two different levels, namely, the hollow prism assemblies 20 and 2l.for the upper level and 30 and 3l for the lower level.
  • the crosswise prisms 20, 2l thus serve as cross members for the entire silo structure. They are hollow and accessible from outside the silo. In respect of silos having large dimensions, the interior of said prisms is thus accessible to a workman. In this case, it may be advantageous for holes 20h, 2lb, 30h, 31h (see FIG. 6), to be formed in the floors 20a, 21a, 30a, 31a of the prisms, said openings pennitting the interior of the silo to be inspected.
  • openings which are preferably covered by grids which are themselves covered by dusttight doors, it is possible to observe the state of flow ofthe materials contained in the silo and to take the necessary countermeasures (for example, the vibration of the hopper 13) as soon as the commencement of a clogging action or an arch is confirmed or detected.
  • hollow prisms in accordance with the invention also provides other very interesting possibilities: it is possible to control, supervise and maintain the internal state, Awhich could deteriorate, and it is possible to cleanse the internal atmosphere of the prisms, by regulating the air circulation therein; in particular, the interior of the prisms can be heated, this causing at little cost the heating of the zones of material in the vicinity of the prisms; this last possibility is very interesting, for avoiding the effects of a prolonged frost on materials with a high moisture content.
  • the ogival member such as I5 the prisms such as 2l and the hopper such as ll, have a wall comprising a slope increasing progressively from top to bottom by discontinuous values; the sections of the three elements as above defined are thus shown as broken lines O, B, C, D; O', B', C', D; O", B", C", D".
  • the increasing slopes assist the flow of the materials and that the discontinuous increasing inclinations themselves represent an optimal value: a discontinuous slope, because of the restarting effect, causes the materials to be held up much less than with a continuous slope.
  • the slope can increase in a uniformly discontinuous manner of x degrees for equal variations in level.
  • the decompression prisms 20, 2l, 30, 3l serve a similar purpose in respect of the dynamic pressures; furthermore, because of their level in the silo, they also contribute to reducing the static pressures.
  • the two cruciform decompression prism stages 20, 2l and 30, 3l in the embodiment shown in FIGS. d, 5 and 6 have been represented as being centered in the same axial planes passing through AA, they could with advantage be centered in axial planes which form between them an angle of 45, the prisms of one stage being thus centered along the planes X-X and the decompression prisms of the other stage along the planes Y-Y (FlG. 6).
  • the external walls of the tube or tubes or the internal wall of the final hopper can be lined with a lining having a very different coecient of friction, and in an unsymmetrical manner;
  • the terminal element 42 can be associated with a vibrator in order to facilitate the flow of the products in the vicinity of the narrowest flow section and in order to complete the actions of (a) and (b).
  • each decompression prism (and moreover also the terminal ogival member l5), for example the prism 3l, is limited at its apex by a V-section fold 50 with its edge downwards; for the decompression prisms, such a fold is for example provided by means of a metal angle iron.
  • the material in the silo is able to accu mulate on such a fold so as quickly to establish an antiwear point at the apex of the element.
  • a decompression prism bearing the genera! reference 5t
  • a decompression prism bearing the genera! reference 5t
  • the prism has a roof which is displaceable, according to the vertical and oblique pressures which are applied to it.
  • a vibrator 54 is provided to cause the roof to vibrate.
  • the silo shown in MGS. d, 5S and 6 is only given as an example for a particularly simple case.
  • the decompression prisms and/or the tubular axial chimneys according to the invention can be used with all types ofsilos: a tubular chimney will be able to be used with advantage in any case where there would otherwise be the danger of a preferential flow chimney appearing; the decompression prisms will likewise be used systematically in order to reduce the static and dynamic pressures: for a cylindrical silo of small height, there will for example be used a single cruciform prism stage; for silos of greater height, at least two superimposed stages will be used.
  • FlG. 8 shows diagrammatically the cross section of a lengthened silo comprising three outlets S S2, S3. ln this case, according to the invention, several decompression prisms intersecting" perpendicularly of the outlets, such as 70, lit), 8l, d2, are used for channelling the flow of material towards Sl, S2, S3, while avoiding the excessive increase in the static and dynamic pressures.
  • FIG. 8 is only given as a diagrammatic example of how the invention can ⁇ be carried into effect in respect of noncircular silos. More generally, it must be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described, but covers all modications thereot ⁇ which conform to the spirit of the invention.
  • a silo for materials in granulated or powder form comprising a body terminating at its lower end in an outlet assembly including at least one hopper, the contents ofthe silo moving through said body toward said outlet along at least one vertical flow axis, and a decompression assembly within said body disposed above said outlet assembly, said decompression assembly comprising at least one hollow element having an upwardly directed ogival crosssectional shape, said element being arranged transversely of said body and passing through said flow axis ⁇ the interior of said body completely surrounding said element so that material may flow from above said element and around its sides to a region within said body directly beneath said element, the interior of said element being accessible from outside the sillo and the interior being of such dimensions that a mechanic may perform selective operations therein throughout the axial extent thereof.
  • each hollow eiement has an external ogival section having slopes which increase from top to bottom by discontinuous values, thereby forming a hollow decompression prism.
  • a silo an claimed in claim 3 in which the two crosswise hollow prismatic elements are disposed at the base of said body where the latter joins said outlet assembly.
  • each hollow element of the decompression assembly comprises a fixed lower part and an upper part which forms a roof and is capable of being set in vibration relatively to the fixed part.
  • a silo as claimed in claim i characterized in that said decompression assembly comprises a tubular central chimney disposed in the axis of flow, said chimney being held in the silo body by means of hollow decompression elements extending perpendicularly of the axis of flow from the chimney to the wall of the shaft, these eiements being accessible from outside the silo.
  • each hollow element has an ogivai external section with slopes or inclinations increasing from top to bottom by discontinuous values, thus forming a decompression prism.
  • a silo as claimed in claim tl characterized in that the crosswise groups of hollow elements are angularly offset in relation to the flow axis and the chimney.
  • a silo as claimed in claim ti characterized in that the hollow elements have a prismatic section with an increasing slope from top to bottom.
  • a silo as claimed in claim o characterized in that the interiors of the elements communicate with the tubular central chimney interior.
  • each of the hollow elements comprises a fixed lower part and an upper part forming a roof capable of being vibrated.
  • telescopic assembly comprises a vibratable lower element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
  • Corsets Or Brassieres (AREA)
US801402A 1968-02-26 1969-02-24 Construction of silos Expired - Lifetime US3593892A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR141187 1968-02-26

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US3593892A true US3593892A (en) 1971-07-20

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US801402A Expired - Lifetime US3593892A (en) 1968-02-26 1969-02-24 Construction of silos

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US (1) US3593892A (it)
BE (1) BE728604A (it)
CH (1) CH491024A (it)
ES (1) ES364387A1 (it)
FR (1) FR1582818A (it)
GB (1) GB1245536A (it)
NL (1) NL6903026A (it)
NO (1) NO129398B (it)
SE (1) SE348700B (it)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3921351A (en) * 1973-12-20 1975-11-25 H F Henderson Ind Segmented storage bin
US4886097A (en) * 1987-09-14 1989-12-12 Hylsu S.A. de C.V. Apparatus for handling and storage of particulate solids
US5501405A (en) * 1994-07-05 1996-03-26 Douglas Dynamics, Inc. Dispenser apparatus for spreading particulate material
EP0937010A1 (en) * 1996-11-04 1999-08-25 Jerry R. Johanson Archbreaking hopper for bulk solids
US20100126694A1 (en) * 2006-12-18 2010-05-27 Degremont Silo for storing bulk products, in particular dried sludge from water treatment plants
CN110104342A (zh) * 2019-06-16 2019-08-09 河南工业大学 一种筒仓侧壁卸料的减压装置
US20230061995A1 (en) * 2021-03-08 2023-03-02 Grain Weevil Corporation Surface management of piled grain

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2211883B (en) * 1987-11-05 1992-06-17 Titon Hardware Latch mechanism.

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1486206A (en) * 1924-03-11 venable
US2254448A (en) * 1940-05-17 1941-09-02 Allen Sherman Hoff Co Hopper vibrator
US2563470A (en) * 1951-08-07 Portable load supporting structure
US3038566A (en) * 1959-04-17 1962-06-12 Parkersburg Aetna Corp Storage and discharge bins
US3081009A (en) * 1959-02-27 1963-03-12 Bituminous Coal Research Solids flow system
US3173583A (en) * 1962-05-09 1965-03-16 Eugene A Wahl Bin activator
US3407972A (en) * 1967-02-01 1968-10-29 Cities Service Athabasca Inc Apparatus for discharging particulate solids from a vessel
US3435993A (en) * 1966-05-05 1969-04-01 Ludwig Hunkel Hopper with vibratory means for uniform rate of material delivery

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1486206A (en) * 1924-03-11 venable
US2563470A (en) * 1951-08-07 Portable load supporting structure
US2254448A (en) * 1940-05-17 1941-09-02 Allen Sherman Hoff Co Hopper vibrator
US3081009A (en) * 1959-02-27 1963-03-12 Bituminous Coal Research Solids flow system
US3038566A (en) * 1959-04-17 1962-06-12 Parkersburg Aetna Corp Storage and discharge bins
US3173583A (en) * 1962-05-09 1965-03-16 Eugene A Wahl Bin activator
US3435993A (en) * 1966-05-05 1969-04-01 Ludwig Hunkel Hopper with vibratory means for uniform rate of material delivery
US3407972A (en) * 1967-02-01 1968-10-29 Cities Service Athabasca Inc Apparatus for discharging particulate solids from a vessel

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3921351A (en) * 1973-12-20 1975-11-25 H F Henderson Ind Segmented storage bin
US4886097A (en) * 1987-09-14 1989-12-12 Hylsu S.A. de C.V. Apparatus for handling and storage of particulate solids
US5501405A (en) * 1994-07-05 1996-03-26 Douglas Dynamics, Inc. Dispenser apparatus for spreading particulate material
EP0937010A1 (en) * 1996-11-04 1999-08-25 Jerry R. Johanson Archbreaking hopper for bulk solids
US6055781A (en) * 1996-11-04 2000-05-02 Jr Johanson, Inc. Archbreaking hopper for bulk solids
EP0937010A4 (en) * 1996-11-04 2006-10-25 Jerry R Johanson PREVENTING BRIDGING IN BULK VESSELS
US20100126694A1 (en) * 2006-12-18 2010-05-27 Degremont Silo for storing bulk products, in particular dried sludge from water treatment plants
CN110104342A (zh) * 2019-06-16 2019-08-09 河南工业大学 一种筒仓侧壁卸料的减压装置
US20230061995A1 (en) * 2021-03-08 2023-03-02 Grain Weevil Corporation Surface management of piled grain
US11858145B2 (en) * 2021-03-08 2024-01-02 Grain Weevil Corporation Surface management of piled grain

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE728604A (it) 1969-08-18
DE1909271B2 (de) 1973-01-11
NL6903026A (it) 1969-08-28
GB1245536A (en) 1971-09-08
DE1909271A1 (de) 1970-08-20
SE348700B (it) 1972-09-11
CH491024A (fr) 1970-05-31
ES364387A1 (es) 1971-02-01
FR1582818A (it) 1969-10-10
NO129398B (it) 1974-04-08

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