US3593200A - Electronic switching arrangement for time keeping equipment - Google Patents

Electronic switching arrangement for time keeping equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
US3593200A
US3593200A US800146A US3593200DA US3593200A US 3593200 A US3593200 A US 3593200A US 800146 A US800146 A US 800146A US 3593200D A US3593200D A US 3593200DA US 3593200 A US3593200 A US 3593200A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transistor
base
terminals
coil
voltage
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Expired - Lifetime
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US800146A
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English (en)
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Robert W Reich
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/22—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G04C3/067—Driving circuits with distinct detecting and driving coils
    • G04C3/068—Driving circuits with distinct detecting and driving coils provided with automatic control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G04C3/069—Driving circuits using a single coil for detection and driving purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/08—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically
    • G04C3/10—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means
    • G04C3/108—Driving circuits

Definitions

  • This invention provides a completely new electronic circuit for clocks and other timekeeping equipment, for use with any desired magnet system. Both the way of looking at the problem and the means of solution ofthe problem are new.
  • the basic technical improvement over all known circuits with voltage and temperature compensation is that the new circuit works without loss. Furthermore, the operating range can be expanded in a very simple manner to include supply voltages of up to about 24 volts.
  • the circuit shown comprises two coils L,, L,, which cooperate in a known manner with any desired magnet system (not illustrated). It is immaterial here whether the magnet system is fixed to the rate regulator and the coils are stationary or vice versa. It is only important that the relative motion between the magnet system and the coils causes the coils periodically to get into the magnetic field and thus to be cou pled. Furthermore, there are two transistors T, and T, of the same type (in the drawing, they are illustrated as NPN type but the PNP type could be used in a corresponding altered circuit). The first transistor T, is connected with the second transistor T, while the first coil L, is connected in between the two.
  • the collectors of transistors T, and T are connected to the positive terminal of the battery, as is the base of the first transistor T,. the latter being connected via a resistance R.
  • a capacitive feedback link C is arranged between the emitter of the second transistor T and the base of the first transistor T, A capacitor C is connected between the base and the collector of the first transistor T, for the attenuation of spurious parasitic oscillations.
  • Resistance R which is connected between the base and the emitter of the first transistor T, and is used to adjust the pulse ratio. Ii necessary here only if the battery voltage is greater than about !.6 volts (up to a maxmum of about 24 volts].
  • resistance R IS in the range of several kilohms. while a high-impedance resistance is provided as R
  • the capacitive feedback link C, and coil L, which thus are connected in series are bridged by three silicon diodes D (two diodes are enough at a battery voltage of up to 1.5 volts)
  • the capacitor C couples the pulse from the emitter of the transistor T, to the base of the transistor T,.
  • the voltage on the emitter of the transistor T is constant by variations of the battery voltage the voltage on the emitter of the transistor T varies, If the battery is fresh full voltage is on the emitter of the transistor T and the capacitor C, is discharged during a predetermined period of time. If the battery voltage and in consequence the voltage on the emitter of the transistor T, drops off the time for discharging of the capacitor C, is rising and both transistors are conductive during a longer period of time than with the full voltage.
  • the circuit illustrated operates in such a fashion that, due to the sudden self-excitation start, the first transistor T, becomes conductive and thus causes the second transistor T to become conductive.
  • the positive voltage occurring at the emitter of the second transistor T is applied to the base of the first transistor T, by means of feedback link C because of which this first transistor becomes even more strongly conductive.
  • the current. flowing through coils L, and L is amplified in avalanche-fashion. Both coils operate as working coils.
  • the circuit thus. in contrast to all previously known circuits, does not reveal a special exciter coil.
  • the processes in the switching arrangement are triggered the moment both coils are connected by the magnetic field of the magnet system. while there is a disconnection during the departure from the magnetic field and the processes in the switching arrangement are thus cut off.
  • transistors T, and T are not connected in a complementary fashion, this is not dealing here with a multivibrator but rather with a completely new circuit in which one can determine the energy level by selecting R and C,v When C, is smaller there is a larger amplitude and when R is larger there is a smaller amplitude, As the temperature drops, there is a greater impulse width.
  • the temperature and voltage errors are smaller than one second per degree Centigrade or per volt so that the spring error is also controlled here.
  • a feedback link consisting of a first capacitor connected between the output of said second transistor and the base of said first transistor

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US800146A 1968-10-20 1969-02-18 Electronic switching arrangement for time keeping equipment Expired - Lifetime US3593200A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1573768A CH497736A (de) 1968-10-20 1968-10-20 Elektronische Schaltungsanordnung für Uhren und andere zeithaltende Geräte mit Magnetsystem

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3593200A true US3593200A (en) 1971-07-13

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ID=4411515

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US800146A Expired - Lifetime US3593200A (en) 1968-10-20 1969-02-18 Electronic switching arrangement for time keeping equipment

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3593200A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CH (2) CH1573768A4 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE1947467A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR1602841A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3733531A (en) * 1971-12-23 1973-05-15 Kienzle Uhrenfabriken Gmbh Electronic regulating circuit
US3805510A (en) * 1971-12-30 1974-04-23 J Reich Circuit arrangement with automatic starting and amplitude stabilization, especially for small electronic clocks and watches
US4079436A (en) * 1976-06-28 1978-03-14 Facet Enterprises, Inc. 5,000 Hour blocking oscillator for an electromagnetic fuel pump

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2895095A (en) * 1954-11-01 1959-07-14 Gen Motors Corp Electronic d.c. motor
US3336537A (en) * 1964-02-26 1967-08-15 Reich Robert Walter Voltage and temperature compensation for oscillators using forward poled diodes

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2895095A (en) * 1954-11-01 1959-07-14 Gen Motors Corp Electronic d.c. motor
US3336537A (en) * 1964-02-26 1967-08-15 Reich Robert Walter Voltage and temperature compensation for oscillators using forward poled diodes

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3733531A (en) * 1971-12-23 1973-05-15 Kienzle Uhrenfabriken Gmbh Electronic regulating circuit
US3805510A (en) * 1971-12-30 1974-04-23 J Reich Circuit arrangement with automatic starting and amplitude stabilization, especially for small electronic clocks and watches
US4079436A (en) * 1976-06-28 1978-03-14 Facet Enterprises, Inc. 5,000 Hour blocking oscillator for an electromagnetic fuel pump

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH497736A (de) 1970-06-30
FR1602841A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1971-02-01
CH1573768A4 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1970-06-30
DE1947467A1 (de) 1970-04-30

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