US3591160A - Blast device for steel converter - Google Patents

Blast device for steel converter Download PDF

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Publication number
US3591160A
US3591160A US739553A US3591160DA US3591160A US 3591160 A US3591160 A US 3591160A US 739553 A US739553 A US 739553A US 3591160D A US3591160D A US 3591160DA US 3591160 A US3591160 A US 3591160A
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United States
Prior art keywords
orifices
blast
header
blowing
tube
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Expired - Lifetime
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US739553A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pierre Leroy
Emile Sprunck
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Compagnie des Ateliers et Forges de la Loire SA
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Forges De La Loire Comp D Atel
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/48—Bottoms or tuyéres of converters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a device for supplying air to be blown through the bottom of a steel converter, this device being particularly advantageous when the blast pressure exceeds 3 bars or 43 p.s.i.
  • the conventional system for supplying air to the bottom of steelwork converters comprises a so-called blowing box consisting of a simple cylindrical and relatively shallow chamber of a diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the outermost circular row of tuyeres or blowing orifices. lts lateral wall comprises one or more large apertures through which the airblast is directed.
  • This blowing box is bounded at the top by the baseplate supporting the converter bottom provided with blow holes, and at the bottom by a closing lid. By removing this lid access can be had to the blow holes in order to check their behavior in service and, if necessary, either clear them or on the contrary block them up on purpose in case their wear were deemed abnormally rapid in comparison with that of adjacent holes.
  • the removal of said lid is also useful for replacing a worn bottom with a new one at the end of a run.
  • this supply system is adequate for operating Bessemeror Thomas-process steel plants in which the blast pressure does not exceed 3 bars (43.5 p.s.i.).
  • the blowing box closing lid of which the airtightness is already inadequate under service pressures of the order of 1.5 to 3 bars (21 to 43.5 p.s.i.), has a definitely poor airtightness when the pressure exceeds 3 bars (43.5 p.s.i.
  • the number of tightening devices for example of the stud and key type may be increased, but in this case the opening and closing of this lid becomes a long and tedious operation.
  • the joint between the lid and the box must be provided with a plastic gasket and it is clear that along such a great circumference the resulting fluidtightness cannot be satisfactory unless the box and lid are really distortion free, a condition generally of short duration in the case of a new blowing box.
  • the present invention provides a device for supplying such an air or oxidizing blast to the blowing orifices disposed through the bottom of steelwork converters, said device consisting of a plurality of header tubes having either the shape of concentrically disposed tores, or any other suitable configuration, each header delivering air under pressure to a number of bottom orifices, for example those ofone row.
  • This invention may also have one or more of the following features taken separately or in any combination, and it is to be understood that the term air as used throughout this application is intended to include a pure oxygen or a high content oxygen mixture:
  • the airblast header assembly is mechanically detachable as a unit
  • the airblast header assembly is welded to the bottom plate
  • the airblast header assembly itself is fed with blast air from a single inlet, or from two or more inlets;
  • the supply of blast air to the headers is through or facilitated by, interconnecting ducts of which the number and contour are such that they ensure a uniform distribution of the air output to each blast tuyere of the set;
  • the supply headers and the interconnecting ducts are made of steel;
  • the supply headers and the interconnecting ducts are made of copper;
  • the set of supply headers is housed in a box, for example a conventional blast or blowing box, provided with a closing lid.
  • the function of this box is to protect the headers as a whole, and also the members connecting these headers to the blowing orifices, against shocks or the projection of incandescent materials;
  • the supply headers are connected through flexible pipes to the blowing orifices fed therefrom;
  • the supply headers are connected to the blowing orifices through pipes of relatively smail diameter, such as copper pipes forming one or more turns or coils, in order to impart a certain elasticity thereto which may be useful during assembling and disassembling operations.
  • the flexible pipes as per (h) hereinabove or the small diameter pipes as per (i) are provided on at least one of their ends, on the blowing orifice side, or at either ends, with self-stopping unions adapted to close themselves automatically in a fluidtight manner when they are disconnected;
  • the blowing orifices are provided with copper tubes of relatively small diameter and adapted to be connected or disconnected by simply operating the end union of the corresponding flexible pipe or small diameter pipe;
  • these headers are each disposed between two adjacent rows of blowing orifices, in order to free the access to these orifices for inspection and maintenance purposes in service, and also for disconnecting them in case of abnormally fast wear thereof in comparison with that of adjacent orifices;
  • Each header welded to the baseplate engages directly a row of blowing orifices and receives therethrough, in front of each orifice, a movable nozzle provided with a valve member, the axis of said nozzle and the axis of said valve being coincident with the axis of the corresponding blowing orifice;
  • each metal tube for example the copper pipe, constituting the blowing orifice of the converter bottom has a funnel-shaped lower end soldered or not to the plate supporting the bottom of the converter, and the nozzle has a semispherical upper end adapted to engage in a fluidtight manner the inner wall of said funnel so as to press same against said bottom plate;
  • the hollow nozzle comprises coaxially to its upper end a cylindrical blowing orifice ending at the top with an outflared portion so that the successive hammerings of the upper end of the nozzle will not alter the diameter of the cylindrical portion and therefore the gas output controlled thereby;
  • the inner cavity of the nozzle which supplies air to the cylindrical orifice mentioned in paragraph (p), is adapted to communicate with the air under pressure contained in the header through a number of ducts of which the total cross-sectional passage area is calculated with a view not to restrict the gas output;
  • valve member incorporated in the nozzle is a solid member mounted in the nozzle and provided with a ball valve at its upper end, said ball valve being adapted to engage a seat consisting of the edge of the cylindrical orifice of the nozzle mentioned in paragraph (p) hereinabove, when it is desired to discontinue the operation of the relevant tuyere;
  • the closing movement is obtained by screwing the valve member in the nozzle, or through any other suitable means;
  • the base of the metal tube constituting each tuyere which may be funnel-shaped as mentioned in paragraph (0), has formed in its outer face a communication leading to a leakage duct formed in the bottom plate of the converter so that in case of air leakage at the base of said funnel-shaped lower end the air under pressure is directed to the out side, instead of between the plate and the bottom, which would be particularly dangerous.
  • the airblast under pressure is kept and led under pressure by using tubular supply headers, whether toroidal or not, instead of causing this air to flow into a chamber of relatively great capacity, such as a conventional blowing box, the subdivision of the blast into as many streams as there are blowing orifices taking place at the initial ends of the supply header tubes.
  • a chamber of relatively great capacity such as a conventional blowing box
  • the air under pressure is constantly enclosed in tubes or pipes constituting the best possible type of container for keeping a gas under pressure.
  • each blowing orifice can be connected and disconnected in an easy and quick way; in fact, the connection is obtained by using a special union of known type that fits instantaneously to the base of the copper tube lining the interior of the blowing orifice; conversely, when the union is disconnected from the tuyere tube the end of the flexible tube or pipe or of the small-diameter tube secured by its opposite end to the supply ring is closed automatically.
  • the connection and disconnection are responsive only to the simple actuation ofa valve member in a nozzle.
  • Another advantageous feature characterizing this invention is that the access to the blowing orifices remains free, even without removing the supply headers.
  • a general advantage of this invention also lies in the fact that leakages of blast air under pressure are nearly nonexistant and that if they occurred accidentally at any point they can be stopped immediately.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates in diagrammatic vertical axial section the set of supply headers consisting of copper piping.
  • FIG. 2 is a detail view showing in part-sectional, part elevational view and on a larger scale the connection of one of these headers to one of the blowing orifices.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a general view of the six headers supplying the blast air, and the communication ducts associated therewith.
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical section showing the connection between the blast wind supply to the outermost header and one of the communication ducts
  • FIG. 5 is a vertical section showing a nozzle or injector with its valve member registering both with one of the tuyeres.
  • the blast consisting basically of pure oxygen but in which other gases may be incorporated for producing either a safety effect or a stirring or cooling effect, is introduced into an inlet 1 comprising a union 2.
  • This union 2 is connected to a first ring 3 of the device according to this invention.
  • This main header 3 has a twofold purpose: on the one hand, supplying the blast to the 42 blowing holes of the sixth row, on the other hand, transmitting the gaseous flow to the other headers 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, as well as to a central balancing box 9, through the medium of two radial copper communication ducts 10 and l l.
  • the main header 3 has an inner diameter of 60 mm. and the diameter of the tore constituted by this header is 1.70 meter (67 inches).
  • the radial communication ducts I0 and 11 have an inner diameter firstly of 50 mm. (2 inches), then of 40 mm. (1.57 inches).
  • I-Ieaders 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 have each an inner diameter of 35 mm., and their tore diameters are respectively 1.4 m., 1.18 m., 0.97 m., 0.74 m. and 0.525 m.
  • FIG. 2 The connection between a typical header and a blast hole is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • a copper pipe 12 having an inner diameter of 6 mm. forming a complete turn to impart a certain flexibility thereto connects the header, for example the header 3, to the tube 13 of the blowing tuyere or like aperture considered in this specific case, of which the inner diameter is 3.5 mm.
  • the spiral pipe 12 is connected to a first self-stopping union l4 and to the tube 13 by another self-stopping union 15.
  • Each one of these unions comprises a male member and a female member; in the case of the first union 14, the female member is welded to the header 3 and the male member constitutes the end of the spiral-coiled tube 12; in the case of the second union 15, the female member is welded to the end of the spiral-coiled tube 12 and the male member is welded to the tube 13 of the blowing orifice.
  • the unions are connected and tightened the blast circulates without any leakage. If it is desired to check the condition of the blast tube 13, or to definitely bypass same, it is only necessary to disconnect the second union l5 and then the valve member contained in the female member closes immediately, thus avoiding any oxygen leakage from the header 3.
  • the set of supply headers 3 to 8 may be housed in a casing provided with a lid, in order to protect the headers and spiralcoiled tubes 12 against possible shocks or the projection of incandescent materials.
  • spiral-coiled copper tubes may be replaced by flexible piping or any other device characterized jointly by a certain flexibility and by an adequate safety of operation, considering the blast pressure involved.
  • the second from of embodiment described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 of the drawing comprises six headers disposed each beneath one of the six rows of blast holes of the converter bottom.
  • each nozzle or injector being provided with a valve member.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the six toroidal headers 21 to 26 corresponding to the six rows of blast holes.
  • the header 21 corresponds to the peripheral row.
  • headers are interconnected by four communication ducts 27 to 30 of which the cross-sectional passage area decreases towards the center, according to a law ensuring a uniform distribution of the blast through the complete set of I62 blast holes.
  • the blast wind under pressure is supplied to the device through the inlet 31.
  • FIG. 4 is a section taken along the line 343 and shows a detail of the ingress of blast gas into the device.
  • the blast following the path shown by the arrow 33 penetrates both into the peripheral header 21 and into the communication duct 27. It penetrates through these two paths into the complete device consisting of the six headers and the four communication ducts.
  • FIG. 5 is a section taken along the line C-C of FIG. 3, i.e. along the axis of a blast tuyere, its nozzle or injector and its stop valve.
  • the bottom plate 32 supports the bottom 34 of the converter which consists of dolomite and tar, or any other suitable refractory material. Orifices such as 35 are formed therethrough to permit the passage of the copper pipes such as 36 constituting the metal portion of the tuyere.
  • the base of the copper pipe is outflared and constitutes a kind offunnel 37 soldered to the bottom plate 32.
  • the semisphcrical head 43 of injector 42 is adapted to press the above-mentioned funnel-shaped end 37 against the baseplate 32, whereby a theoretically complete fluidtightness is obtained. Should one fraction of the blast under pressure seep accidentally to the outside of pipe 36, this gas would be discharged via the leakage duct 38 and would thus be prevented from attaining the underface of the dolomites, bypassing between the tube 36 and plate 32.
  • the header 21 is welded at 39 to the base plate 32.
  • the chamber 41 of header 21 contains the blast gas, for example under a pressure of 13 to 14 bars 190 to 205 p.s.i.).
  • the injector or nozzle 42 is a piece of revolution disposed coaxially to the copper tube 36 extending through the wall of header M in a perfectly fluidtight manner.
  • the semisphcrical head 43 of nozzle 42 is formed with an axial-tapered bore 44 having substantially the shape of an inverted frustum of a cone. At its lower end this bore 44 is connected to a cylindrical bore 45 of a diameter at least equal to the inner diameter of tube 36.
  • the nozzle 12 comprises a cylindrical inner cavity 436 in which the valve member 47 and a ball valve 48 are adapted to move axially.
  • the blast position of valve member 47 is its lowermost position.
  • the chamber under pressure 46 of the header communicates with the inner cavity 46 of the nozzle or injector through one or more orifices such as 49 machined in the nozzle wall.
  • the bore 15 and tube 36 are thus supplied with blowing gas under pressure.
  • the fluidtightness between nozzle 42 and valve member 47 is obtained by disposing two rubber or like packings 50 therebetween.
  • the injector or nozzle 42 is not moved during the entire service life of the converter bottom. When this bottom is destroyed the nozzles or injectors are removed by maneuvering their heads 51.
  • the tuyere, its injector or nozzle and its valve member constitute an elongated unit of relatively small diameter and therefore of moderate overall dimensions, which can be used even in systems comprising tuyeres disposed at a relatively reduced spacing, as frequently observed in converters.
  • a device for supplying blast gas to the blowing orifices at the bottom of a steelwork converter comprising a plurality of header tubes having the shape of concentrically disposed tores, each header tube supplying blast gas to a plurality of bottom orifices, pipes or" small diameter connecting said supply header tubes to the blast orifices, said pipes being bent to form turns to impart flexibility for assembling and disassembling purposes.
  • a device for supplying blast gas to blowing orifices at the bottom of a steelwork converter comprising a plurality of header tubes having the shape of concentrically disposed tores; each header tube supplying blast gas to a plurality of fices for checking and service maintenance purposes, and also to facilitate disconnecting same in case of abnormal wear in relation to wear of other adjacent orifices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
US739553A 1967-07-05 1968-06-24 Blast device for steel converter Expired - Lifetime US3591160A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR113157 1967-07-05
FR155193A FR94892E (fr) 1967-07-05 1968-06-17 Dispositif d'alimentation en vent de soufflage d'un fond de convertisseur d'aciérie.

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US3591160A true US3591160A (en) 1971-07-06

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US739553A Expired - Lifetime US3591160A (en) 1967-07-05 1968-06-24 Blast device for steel converter
US8989A Expired - Lifetime US3602435A (en) 1967-07-05 1970-02-05 Blast device for steel converter

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US8989A Expired - Lifetime US3602435A (en) 1967-07-05 1970-02-05 Blast device for steel converter

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US (2) US3591160A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE717073A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1783165A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR94892E (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU56316A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4157817A (en) * 1976-10-19 1979-06-12 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France Converter
FR2439235A1 (fr) * 1978-10-16 1980-05-16 Demag Ag Mannesmann Ensemble de buses pour des fours de production d'acier, notamment pour des convertisseurs d'acierie

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU60723A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-04-16 1970-06-15
BE735889A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-07-09 1970-01-09
US3724492A (en) * 1971-05-05 1973-04-03 Barmag Barmer Maschf Distributor for viscous fluid spinning melts or solutions
BE776428A (fr) * 1971-12-08 1972-04-04 Metallurg Ct Voor De Researchi Perfectionnements aux dispositifs d'insufflation d'oxygene par le fond d'un convertisseur metallurgique.
SE426846B (sv) * 1981-06-04 1983-02-14 Stal Laval Apparat Ab Forma eller dysa for inblasning av gas- vetske-eller pulverformigt material i metalliska smeltor sasom stalsmeltor

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR372257A (fr) * 1906-12-06 1907-03-29 Francois Catala Foyer intensif à gaz
US1118613A (en) * 1914-06-18 1914-11-24 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Twyer-valve.
US1456754A (en) * 1922-07-14 1923-05-29 Peolples Natural Gas Company Gas burner
US1656723A (en) * 1927-02-09 1928-01-17 American Smelting Refining Tuyere
US2829879A (en) * 1954-06-25 1958-04-08 Huettenwerk Haspe Ag Bottoms for metallurgical furnaces of the bessemer converter type
US2977108A (en) * 1958-04-10 1961-03-28 United States Steel Corp Tuyere assembly for a bessemer converter

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR372257A (fr) * 1906-12-06 1907-03-29 Francois Catala Foyer intensif à gaz
US1118613A (en) * 1914-06-18 1914-11-24 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Twyer-valve.
US1456754A (en) * 1922-07-14 1923-05-29 Peolples Natural Gas Company Gas burner
US1656723A (en) * 1927-02-09 1928-01-17 American Smelting Refining Tuyere
US2829879A (en) * 1954-06-25 1958-04-08 Huettenwerk Haspe Ag Bottoms for metallurgical furnaces of the bessemer converter type
US2977108A (en) * 1958-04-10 1961-03-28 United States Steel Corp Tuyere assembly for a bessemer converter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4157817A (en) * 1976-10-19 1979-06-12 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France Converter
FR2439235A1 (fr) * 1978-10-16 1980-05-16 Demag Ag Mannesmann Ensemble de buses pour des fours de production d'acier, notamment pour des convertisseurs d'acierie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR94892E (fr) 1970-01-16
DE1783165A1 (de) 1974-02-28
BE717073A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-12-02
LU56316A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-11-25
DE1758590B2 (de) 1973-09-27
US3602435A (en) 1971-08-31
DE1758590A1 (de) 1971-01-28

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