US3587373A - Methods and apparatus for making granules - Google Patents

Methods and apparatus for making granules Download PDF

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Publication number
US3587373A
US3587373A US712799A US3587373DA US3587373A US 3587373 A US3587373 A US 3587373A US 712799 A US712799 A US 712799A US 3587373D A US3587373D A US 3587373DA US 3587373 A US3587373 A US 3587373A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
web
cutting
granules
cylinder
cut
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US712799A
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English (en)
Inventor
Carl Vicktor Astrand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TARKELT AB
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TARKELT AB
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D3/00—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor
    • B26D3/003—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor specially adapted for cutting rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/25—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member
    • B26D1/34—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis parallel to the line of cut
    • B26D1/38—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis parallel to the line of cut and coacting with a fixed blade or other fixed member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/04—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of plates or sheets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S83/00—Cutting
    • Y10S83/906—Chip making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/0524—Plural cutting steps
    • Y10T83/0538—Repetitive transverse severing from leading edge of work
    • Y10T83/0543—Alternately forming products of less than total width of work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/0524—Plural cutting steps
    • Y10T83/0572—Plural cutting steps effect progressive cut
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/485—Cutter with timed stroke relative to moving work
    • Y10T83/494—Uniform periodic tool actuation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9314—Pointed perforators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9372—Rotatable type
    • Y10T83/9396—Shear type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of making granules from both relatively brittle and soft materials, such as frozen PVC or rubber, and to an apparatus for performing the method. Characteristic of the method is that the granules are I cut individually one after the other from the edge of a continuously supplied web towards the middle of said web or towards the middle of a number of width sections of said web by cutting means each having two cutting edges which make an angle with each other and with the plane of the web.
  • This invention relates to a method of making granules from a material in the form of a web of synthetic plastic, rubber or like material.
  • the apparatus When the number of such needles becomes too large the apparatus has to be stopped for adjustment and possible exchange of cutting means. Moreover, the cutting means are rapidly worn and therefore have to be replaced at frequent intervals, which is also the case with the transversely acting cutting means.
  • the present granulating apparatus are expensive to manufacture and to maintain and often cause operational disturbances and produce granules which may contain pieces of unacceptable shape. Besides, these apparatus have a high power consumption and can handle synthetic plastics webs of but narrow width of not more than 50 cm.
  • the present invention has for its object to produce granules in an altogether novel manner in which the arrangement of cutting means operating longitudinally of the web can be dispensed with and granules of a considerably more uniform shape can be made from webs of any desired width to attain this, the granules are cut individually in single operation from the edge of the web which is of a width-considerably exceeding the largest dimension of the granules.
  • the granules are suitably cut in sequence from one and the other longitudinal edge of the web towards the middle thereof, or from one and the other end of the web towards the middle of a number of width sections of the web. It will be realized that only a few cutting means are in engagement with the web at the same time, for which reason the power consumption can be reduced considerably.
  • Each granule is suitably cut along two cutting lines that make an angle with one another and cutting preferably takes place along the said two cutting lines approximately simultaneously, beginning at the point of inter section of said cutting lines.
  • the other cutting lines are already free due to granules having been cut earlier, or are formed by the longitudinal and transverse edges of the web when granulation is started at the end of a web.
  • the invention is also concerned with an apparatus for manufacturing granules in accordance with the method described, said apparatus comprising a cutting device and means for supplying the material to the cutting device.
  • This apparatus is characterized in that the cutting device is in the form of a rotary cylinder in the circumferential surface of which there are placed cutting means each of which is arranged to individually cut granules in one operation from the edge of the web of material supplied approximately radially to the cylinder at a speed suited to the rate of rotation of the cylinder, the cutting being performed against an abutment extending in parallel with the axis of said rotary cylinder and situated close to the circumferential surface thereof.
  • This apparatus can be built at a cost which is but a fraction of the cost of a conventional apparatus and will be of reliable operation for long periods and require but little power compared to prior-art apparatus.
  • FIG. I shows a side elevation and cross section of the apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a front view, partly in section of the apparatus in FIG. I;
  • FIG. 3 is a front elevation of one form of cutting means of this invention as employed in FIG. 2 (left end);
  • FIG. 4 is a side view ofthe cutting means of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is atop view of the cutting means of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 shows a cutting diagram
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the cylinder of FIG. 2 bearing cutting means arranged in a plurality of pairs of helices in one width section and in plural width sections each having cutting means arranged in a pair of helices.
  • the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a frame 10 and a flat horizontal feed table 11 disposed thereon.
  • a web of synthetic plastics I2 is laterally guided by supports 36 as it is moved over the table 11 with the aid of drive rollers 13, 14.
  • the web is moved up to a cylindrical cutting device to be described in the following.
  • the feed table 11 and the cutting device 15 are adjustable relative to each other in the tangential direction of the cutting device by means (not shown).
  • Mounted at the end of the feed table II facing the cutting device is an abutment 16 which extends throughout the width of the cutting device.
  • the abutment 116 is upwardly inclined and can be fixed in any desired position by means of a fastening 17 and screws 18.
  • the cutting device 15 has connected thereto a drive motor 19 by means of a V-belt arrangement 20.
  • roller 13 is driven by means of a V-belt 23 from a motor 21 via a speed governor 22 for regulating the feed rate of the web 12 towards the cutting device 15, while the roller 14 is idling.
  • the distance between the drive rollers is adjustable in a known manner.
  • the motor 15 is mounted for pivotment at 24 and can be fixed in the adjusted position by screw means 25, while the motor is shiftable on its support with the aid of screw means 26 and can be clamped thereto by means of screws 27 extending through elongated openings in the baseplate of the motor.
  • a protective casing 28 mounted above the cutting device I5 is a protective casing 28 which can be swung aside.
  • a chute 29 leads out of the housing from the space beneath the cutting device.
  • the cutting device 15 comprises juxtaposed circular discs 31 mounted on a shaft 30.
  • cutting means 32 preferably of hard metal are attached to each of said discs, said cutting means being as broad as the disc so that when projected onto a generatrix the cutting means will directly connect on to each other.
  • the heads of the cutting means may of course also be so shaped as to slightly overlap when so projected.
  • the discs 31 are kept together on the shaft 39 by means of nuts 33 passed onto the threaded ends of the shaft 30 and screwed towards one another.
  • Each cutting means 32 comprises a stem 34 which is secured in a suitable manner in a corresponding recess in the disc 31, and a head 35 having two cutting edges A and B which in horizontal projection make a right angle with one another and in vertical projection are upwardly inclined from the right-hand front corner, as viewed in FIG. 3. It will be seen from FIGS. 3-5 that when such a cutting means is moved vertically downward against a plastics web two cutting lines will be provided, starting from the point of intersection of the cutting lines. If the other two cutting lines are free already, which is the case if for instance the pieces designated I in FIG. 6 are cut out, a granule is obtained.
  • cutting means having two cutting edges one of which extends in the direction of feed of the web 12 while the other extends transversely of said direction, have proved extremely advantageous.
  • the main thing is that granules are cut in one operation.
  • the cutting means are substantially arranged in the manner shown in FIG. 2, i.e. in two oppositely directed helices which start each from one end of the cylinder formed by the discs 31 and which meet at the middle of the cylinder.
  • the cutting means 32 are mounted along one, two or more pairs of such pairs of helices.
  • a second pair of cutting elements arranged in oppositely oriented helices is shown in dotted line representing a like arrangement on the reverse side of cutting device 15, elements corresponding to 32, 34 and 35 being there represented at 32', 34 and 35'.
  • Each pair comprises like elements of one helix and oppositely oriented elements of the other helix, in respect to the opposite direction of cutting at edge B.
  • FIG. 7 A portion of a pair of helices extending leftward from the set shown in FIG. 2 is also illustrated in FIG. 7, wherein elements 32", 34" and 35" correspond to elements 32, 34 and 35. Positioning of the cutting means is realized by relative rotation of the discs 31 before the discs are clamped with the aid of the nuts 33. If the cutting device designed in the manner shown in FIG.
  • An apparatus for making granules comprising a frame, a feed table on said frame, a cutting device in the form of a cylinder which is mounted at the end of the feed table, means for conveying a web of material along the feed table towards the cutting pointed device, cutting means mounted in the circumferential surface of the cutting device and disposed along at least two pairs of oppositely oriented helices, the helices in each pair starting from axially opposed points at the ends of a number of width sections of the circumferential surface of the cutting device and meeting in the middle of the width sections, and means for driving the cutting device and the means for conveying the web of material along the feed table towards the cutting device, said cutting means in each pair of helices when projected onto a generatrix being located adjacent to one another to cut in sequence juxtaposed portions of the web of material in the transverse direction thereof, each cutting means having two cutting edges which make an angle with one another and have an angle of inclination to the plane of the web of material that corresponds to the direction and the cutting sequence along the two cutting lines
  • Apparatus for making granules comprising a driven rotary cylinder, means for continuously supplying a web of material radially toward the periphery of said cylinder, said cylinder including individual granule point penetration and lateral cutting means mounted at the circumferential surface thereof along a pair of oppositely oriented helices commencing at the sides of the circumferential surface of the cylinder and meeting at the middle thereof for cutting a lateral row of granules during a rotation of the cylinder.
  • said cutting means being mounted at the circumferential surface of the cylinder along a plurality of pairs of oppositely oriented helices, the helices of each pair starting from points at the sides of a number of width sections of the circumferential surface of the cylinder and meeting in the middle of the respective width sections.
  • a method of making like granules from a material in the form of a web comprising cutting in discrete steps successive rows of granules from web portions respectively adjacent laterally across a web portion by cutting two adjacent sides of a four-sided granule from a web previously out along two remaining adjacent sides of the granules, said adjacent side cuts thereby severing the granules individually from the web, said cutting steps in each row being made in a continuing series while the web is being advanced longitudinally at a rate to offset longitudinally portions cut in successive rows sufficiently to space repeating cuts at each lateral position according to one desired granule dimension.
  • each successive cutting step comprises cutting a line laterally and an intersecting line longitudinally of the web each commencing at a point of intersection therebetween.
  • cutting steps in each row comprise two contemporaneous sequences of steps each beginning from a lateral edge of a web portion and proceedings toward the center thereof in successively adjacent longitudinally offset steps.
  • each said step comprises piercing the web at an interior point and then cutting out lines along two sides of a granule substantially simultaneously each extending to a free edge of the web.
  • an array of cutters arranged for rotation along a cylindrical locus; including a plurality of disc elements mounted concentrically on a driving shaft in adjustable relative rotary orientation; means securing said elements in a selected relative orientation;
  • mounting means for a cutter element in a plurality of said disc elements comprising slot means extending inwardly from the periphery thereof for receiving a cutter element supporting bar;
  • a cutter element comprising a perforating point and two cutting edges supported by a bar secured by said slot means.
  • a method according to claim 4 including continuously advancing the web during said cutting steps for the granules of each row and for a sequence of rows the first granule of each row commencing as the final granule of a preceding row is cut.
  • Apparatus for making dimensioned granules from a web of material which is wide relative to the desired granule dimensions comprising:
  • said means for perforating comprising a series of pointed tools carried in at least one helical pattern about a rotative cylinder in the path of the web movement.
  • Apparatus for making granules comprising a rotary driven cylinder, means for continuously supplying a web of material radially toward the periphery of said cylinder, said cylinder including individual granule cutting means mounted at the circumferential surface thereof along a pair of oppositely oriented helices commencing at the sides of the circumferential surface of the cylinder and meeting at the middle thereof for cutting a lateral row of granules during a rotation of the cylinder, each said cutting means mounted in said cylinder having two cutting edges which make an angle with one another and have an angle of inclination to the plane of the web of material that corresponds to the direction and the cutting sequence along the two cutting iines.
  • a method of making dimensioned granules from a material in the form of a web comprising impact cutting of granules without a shearing edge in ordered succession from a web which is of a width considerably exceeding the largest dimension of the granules in repeated row sequences of cutting operations during continued web advancement, each sequence progressing laterally of the web while advancing the web longitudinally by one granule dimension during a sequence of cutting operations, the successive granules of a row being cut along two intersecting longitudinal and lateral lines intersecting and lateral lines intersecting like lateral and longitudinal lines of cut forming preceding granules, said cutting along two intersecting lines taking place substantially simultaneously commencing at the point of intersection of the two lines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
US712799A 1967-03-13 1968-03-13 Methods and apparatus for making granules Expired - Lifetime US3587373A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE3423/67A SE345226B (fr) 1967-03-13 1967-03-13

Publications (1)

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US3587373A true US3587373A (en) 1971-06-28

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US712799A Expired - Lifetime US3587373A (en) 1967-03-13 1968-03-13 Methods and apparatus for making granules

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US (1) US3587373A (fr)
AT (1) AT314196B (fr)
BE (1) BE708996A (fr)
CH (1) CH457098A (fr)
DK (1) DK116766B (fr)
FI (1) FI46698C (fr)
FR (1) FR1553185A (fr)
GB (1) GB1205773A (fr)
LU (1) LU55153A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL143461B (fr)
SE (1) SE345226B (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3709080A (en) * 1970-07-24 1973-01-09 Oregon Metallurgical Corp Sheet reduction apparatus
US3750515A (en) * 1969-01-08 1973-08-07 F Wasinger Shearing apparatus
US3935775A (en) * 1973-08-28 1976-02-03 Sango Company, Limited Iron piece shearing machine
US4176570A (en) * 1978-06-05 1979-12-04 Bolton-Emerson, Inc. Dicer with soft feed apparatus
US4671150A (en) * 1985-03-04 1987-06-09 Phillips Petroleum Company Apparatus and method for cutting pipe into small pieces
US5445054A (en) * 1993-09-21 1995-08-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Sheet cutting apparatus and method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013015577A1 (de) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-26 Nuga Systems Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zerkleinerung von bahn- und/oder plattenförmigen Werkstoffen

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3750515A (en) * 1969-01-08 1973-08-07 F Wasinger Shearing apparatus
US3709080A (en) * 1970-07-24 1973-01-09 Oregon Metallurgical Corp Sheet reduction apparatus
US3935775A (en) * 1973-08-28 1976-02-03 Sango Company, Limited Iron piece shearing machine
US4176570A (en) * 1978-06-05 1979-12-04 Bolton-Emerson, Inc. Dicer with soft feed apparatus
US4671150A (en) * 1985-03-04 1987-06-09 Phillips Petroleum Company Apparatus and method for cutting pipe into small pieces
US5445054A (en) * 1993-09-21 1995-08-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Sheet cutting apparatus and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH457098A (de) 1968-05-31
FR1553185A (fr) 1969-01-10
FI46698C (fi) 1973-06-11
LU55153A1 (fr) 1968-03-06
NL6717675A (fr) 1968-09-16
DE1729536A1 (de) 1972-03-23
SE345226B (fr) 1972-05-23
GB1205773A (en) 1970-09-16
AT314196B (de) 1974-03-25
DK116766B (da) 1970-02-09
BE708996A (fr) 1968-05-16
NL143461B (nl) 1974-10-15
DE1729536B2 (de) 1972-11-09
FI46698B (fr) 1973-02-28

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