US3586487A - Apparatus for continuously digesting alumina - Google Patents

Apparatus for continuously digesting alumina Download PDF

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Publication number
US3586487A
US3586487A US817734A US3586487DA US3586487A US 3586487 A US3586487 A US 3586487A US 817734 A US817734 A US 817734A US 3586487D A US3586487D A US 3586487DA US 3586487 A US3586487 A US 3586487A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
slurry
tube
heating
tubes
digested
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US817734A
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English (en)
Inventor
Adam Juhasz
Laszlo Mahig
Albert Nagy
Gyorgy Sigmond
Janos Steiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALUTERV ALUMINIUMIPARI TERVEZOE INTEZET
MAGYAR ALUMINIUM
Original Assignee
MAGYAR ALUMINIUM
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Publication date
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Publication of US3586487A publication Critical patent/US3586487A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
    • C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
    • C01F7/062—Digestion
    • C01F7/0626—Processes making use of tube digestion only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
    • C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
    • C01F7/062—Digestion
    • C01F7/064—Apparatus for digestion, e.g. digestor vessels or heat exchangers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00076—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements inside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00085—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00105—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids part or all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling
    • B01J2219/00114—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids part or all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling involving reactant slurries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow

Definitions

  • JUHASZ 7 ET AL APPARATUS FGR CONTINUOUSLY DIGESTING ALUM'INA 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 21, 1969 June 22, 1971 A. JUHASZ ETAL 3,586,487
  • alumina i.e. aluminium oxide is dissolved from bauxite by sodium aluminate liquor, and this stage is known as the digestion of bauxite.
  • the efiiciency depends first and foremost on the digestion temperature; on the other hand a higher temperature requires a higher pressure.
  • bauxite types e.g. diaspore containing bauxites
  • the corresponding pressure over 50 atm.
  • the present invention provides such a heating system which renders modern high-temperature digestion possible by eliminating the above discrepancies.
  • the present invention is a digesting equipment for the continuous processing of alumina containing minerals, the heating elements of which form a series of single tube heat-exchangers; between two adjacent heat exchangers linked together there are some perforated connecting and packing plates ensuring the uniaxiality, according to the layout of the heating tubes, or else there are only perforated packing plates ensuring the uniaxiality, according to the layout of the heating tubes, or else there are only perforated packing plates.
  • On the slurry side locking head of the first and last element of the heating element series there is a special locking device for every heating tube.
  • the slurry fed into the heating tubes is suitably heated up to a temperature of over 250 C.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the beginning and the end of the heat exchanging series.
  • FIG. 2 shows a connection of two heat exchangers following each other.
  • FIG. 2a is a variation of the above connection.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the connection for the digesting equipment.
  • FIG. 1 shows the beginning and the end of the digesting heat exchanging series according to the invention.
  • the shell marked 1 of the heat exchanger there are for instance seven heating tubes marked 2. Within these is flowing the slurry being under digestion, while the area between the shell and the tubes is filled with the heating medium.
  • FIG. 2 shows the connection ensuring the uniform slurry flow rate in the two heat exchangers following each other.
  • Flange 11 of shell 1 contains the tube plate 12 holding together heating tubes 2. Between the two flanges 11, respectively the tube plates 12 one may see a connecting plate 13 and on both sides of the same a packing plate 14. The hole distribution of the connecting plate 13 and the packing plates 14 is identical with that of the tube distribution of the tube plate 12.
  • FIG. 2a shows a variation of the former connection at which the connecting plate 13 and one of the packing plates 14 has been eliminated and only one packing plate 14 ensures a tight connection.
  • FIG. 3 shows a connecting diagram of the digesting equipment of the present invention. Characteristic elements of the equipment are: feeding pump 15, slurry charging duct 3, single heat exchanging series 16 connected to one another on the slurry side, digested slurry duct 4, throttle valve 17, flash tanks 18, expanded slurry duct 19, expanded steam duct 20, fresh steam duct 21, feeding and discharge conduits 5 and 6 for wash liquid, exit pipes of condensate 22 for cooling medium.
  • slurry is conducted generally through six of the heating tubes 2, so that there might for example by slurry flow through valves 7 -7 7 -7 8 8 and 8 -8 Valves 7 and 8 are closed but that for the wash liquid 9 and 10 is open across which wash liquid flushes one of the heating tubes. Valves 9 -9 9 -9 10 -10 and 10 -10 for wash liquid are closed. In such a manner any of the seven heating valves can be switched out and Washed; while across the remaining six ducts digestion is taking place without any disturbance.
  • a digesting line suitable for the digestion of a slurry quantity of 100-125 'mfi/h.
  • the heating elements 16 seen in FIG. 3 may each have a length of 6.5 m. and be constructed of a tube of 267 x 8 mm.. In one heating element 19 heating tubes of 38 x 2.5 mm. 5 are placed, having a total heating surface of 12 m? If twenty-five of the individual heating elements are connected in series the slurry temperature of -125 m. /h. can be increased from 100 C. to 275 C. with a suitable heating medium. The total tube length is thus 170 m. According to our experiments the heat transfer factor at the start is 2500 kca1./m. /h. C. By means of constant Washing at any heating tubes this value may be kept at an average of 1800 kcaL/mF/h. C.
  • Apparatus for the continuous digesting of alumina comprising a plurality of shells arranged in end-to-end relationship and separated from each other by tube sheets, a plurality of tubes passing through the shells in series and through the tube sheets, means to supply heating fluid to the interior of the shells in parallel, means for selectively individually supplying alumina slurry to the interior of the tubes, and means for selectively individually supplying wash liquid to the interior of the tubes.
  • said supply means for slurry and wash liquid comprising separate slurry and wash liquid supply conduits, and valve means individual to each said tube for selectively directing slurry or Wash liquid through the associated tube.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 and means for flashing off steam from the digested slurry in a plurality of stages, and means for introducing steam flashed off from said stages into said shells in a sequence such that the slurry to be digested is in heat exchange with the successive portions of steam in the reverse order in which the portions of steam are flashed from the slurry whereby the slurry moving through the tubes comes into heat exchange with successively hotter portions of flashed steam.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US817734A 1968-04-26 1969-04-21 Apparatus for continuously digesting alumina Expired - Lifetime US3586487A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HUAU000196 1968-04-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3586487A true US3586487A (en) 1971-06-22

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US817734A Expired - Lifetime US3586487A (en) 1968-04-26 1969-04-21 Apparatus for continuously digesting alumina

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3586487A (cs)
CA (1) CA926094A (cs)
CS (1) CS192451B2 (cs)
DE (1) DE6915982U (cs)
FR (1) FR2007059A1 (cs)
RO (1) RO54571A (cs)
YU (1) YU34502B (cs)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026352A (en) * 1974-09-04 1977-05-31 Sergei Mikhailovich Andoniev Device for evaporative cooling of metallurgical units
US4063588A (en) * 1975-01-28 1977-12-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Reversible heat exchanger or regenerator systems
US4410029A (en) * 1980-09-05 1983-10-18 Esmil Bv Method of operating heat exchanger apparatus comprising a plurality of heat exchanger units connected in series, and apparatus adapted for operation by the method
US5027891A (en) * 1988-03-30 1991-07-02 Alcan International Limited Method for transferring heat between process liquor streams
US11732326B1 (en) 2023-02-08 2023-08-22 Extractive Metallurgy Consultancy, LLC Extraction of lithium from mudstone and sequestration of carbon dioxide

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026352A (en) * 1974-09-04 1977-05-31 Sergei Mikhailovich Andoniev Device for evaporative cooling of metallurgical units
US4063588A (en) * 1975-01-28 1977-12-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Reversible heat exchanger or regenerator systems
US4410029A (en) * 1980-09-05 1983-10-18 Esmil Bv Method of operating heat exchanger apparatus comprising a plurality of heat exchanger units connected in series, and apparatus adapted for operation by the method
US5027891A (en) * 1988-03-30 1991-07-02 Alcan International Limited Method for transferring heat between process liquor streams
US11732326B1 (en) 2023-02-08 2023-08-22 Extractive Metallurgy Consultancy, LLC Extraction of lithium from mudstone and sequestration of carbon dioxide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
YU34502B (en) 1979-09-10
YU101969A (en) 1979-02-28
RO54571A (cs) 1973-02-17
CS192451B2 (cs) 1979-08-31
CA926094A (en) 1973-05-15
DE6915982U (de) 1976-12-02
DE1920222B2 (de) 1971-01-28
DE1920222A1 (de) 1969-11-06
FR2007059A1 (cs) 1970-01-02

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