US3585935A - Percussion fuse - Google Patents

Percussion fuse Download PDF

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Publication number
US3585935A
US3585935A US735399A US3585935DA US3585935A US 3585935 A US3585935 A US 3585935A US 735399 A US735399 A US 735399A US 3585935D A US3585935D A US 3585935DA US 3585935 A US3585935 A US 3585935A
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United States
Prior art keywords
percussion
rotor
blocking member
fuse
locking device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US735399A
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English (en)
Inventor
Louis Birkigt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brevets Aero Mecaniques SA
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Brevets Aero Mecaniques SA
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Publication date
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/20—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing-pin
    • F42C15/22—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing-pin using centrifugal force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/18—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
    • F42C15/188—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a rotatable carrier
    • F42C15/192—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a rotatable carrier rotatable in a plane which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile
    • F42C15/196—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a rotatable carrier rotatable in a plane which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile by the action of centrifugal or inertia forces on the carrier body, e.g. the carrier having eccentrically mounted weights or eccentric centre of gravity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F42C15/26—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means using centrifugal force

Definitions

  • the fuse includes a movable rotor subjected to the action of a retractable blocking member adapted to retain the rotor in its safety position, this blocking member being necessarily maintained in an active position by a centrifugal locking device of the percussion element of the fuse as long as this locking device remains operative; the release of this locking device permits the retraction of the blocking member under the action of return means, which retraction then permits the rotor to pass from its safety position to its armed-position under the action of the centrifugal forces caused by the spin of the projectile.
  • the present invention relates to rotor type percussion fuses for spin-stabilized projectiles.
  • This expression designates here, among the percussion fuses intended to equip projectiles driven after the shot fired with a spin about their axis, those comprising a percussion element maintained inoperative before the shot is fired by a first locking device releasable by the action of the centrifugal forces brought into play by the spin of the projectile.
  • This first locking device is designated hereafter as centrifugal locking device of the percussion element.”
  • Said percussion fuses have also an explosive member (generally a detonator) adapted to assure the firing of the charge of the projectile, and furthermore, a rotor mounted rotatably in the body of the fuse about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the fuse.
  • This rotor which contains an explosive charge adapted to play the role of a relay with respect to the above-mentioned explosive member, is arranged in a manner to pass, under the eflect of the centrifugal forces brought into play by the spin of the projectile, from an inactive position (called “safety position”) in which the explosive charge playing the role of a relay is out of alignment with the percussion element and with the explosive member, to an active position (called armed position) in which the percussion element, the relay charge and the explosive member are aligned.
  • safety position inactive position
  • armed position active position
  • the invention is more particularly, but not exclusively, concerned with fuses of this type which include a self-destruction system and in which the centrifugal locking device of the percussion element comprises a spiral strip whose time of unwinding, under the effect of the centrifugal forces, conditions the release of the percussion element. It thus confers a muzzle safety" on the projectile, that is to say guarantees that this projectile cannot be fired by the fuse before having travelled a certain distance beyond the muzzle of the gun.
  • Such spiral strip-type fuses of this type being particularly suitable for projectiles of small caliber (for example from 20 to 50 millimeters.)
  • the chief object of the invention is to provide a fuse of the type in question, which fulfill the requirements of practice, and in particular, which avoids the risk of premature firing in case of violent impact (with crushing of the nose of the fuse) preceding the release of the percussion element.
  • the movable rotor of the fuses of the type in question is subjected to the action of a retractable blocking member adapted to retain the rotor in its safety position, this blocking member being necessarily maintained in an active position by the centrifugal locking device of the percussion element of the fuse as long as this locking device remains operative, the release of this locking device having the effect of permitting the retraction of the blocking member under the action of appropriate return means, which retraction then permits the rotor to pass from its safety position to its armed position under the action of the centrifugal forces brought into play by the spin of the projectile.
  • FIG. 1 represents, in axial section of a first embodiment, a percussion fuse established according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section along lI-II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 2bis represents, in the same conditions as FIG. 2, a variant of the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 represents, in elevation with parts removed, a second embodiment of a percussion fuse according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 represent, in the same conditions as FIG. 3, two other embodiments of a fuse according to the invention.
  • the fuses shown in the drawings are point detonating percussion fuses including a movable rotor and a spiral strip type muzzle safety system, for spin-stabilized projectiles of small caliber (from to 50 millimeters).
  • the fuse comprises, as shown in FIG. I, a fuse body 1 serving as a support for the following elements and devices:
  • a percussion element such as for example an axial firing pin 2 is provided with a self-destruction system and carries at its frontend a collar 3 provided in its periphery with a ring of balls 4 bearing against a trunconical shoulder 5 directed towards the front so that, under the effect of the centrifugal acceleration, these balls 4, by bearing against the frustoconical shoulder 5, tend to drive the assembly of the firing pin 2 (including its collar 3 and the balls 4) towards the front.
  • a detonator or the like device 9 is fixed, for example by screwing, to a plug 10 fitted at the rear of the fuse body 1, for example also by screwing.
  • a rotor element 11 is mounted rotatably, between the firing pin 2 and the detonator 9, about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the fuse, this rotor, in which is formed a diametrical well 11a containing a relay charge 12, being capable of passing by rotation, under the effect of centrifugal force, from the safety position illustrated in FIG. 1 to an armed position (not shown).
  • the well 11d (hence the relay charge 12) is located in line with the firing pin 2 and the detonator 9 which is fired in case of impact from the relay charge 12 after the destruction of a thin safety wall 13 separating the detonator from the relay charge.
  • a spiral strip type centrifugal locking device is arranged in a manner to release the firing pin 2 only after a certain distance of flight of the projectile corresponding to the desired muzzle safety.
  • This locking device can advantageously comprise, as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 2bis, an expansible annular bolt 14 split along a generatrix and surrounded towards the rear (FIGS. 1 and 2) or towards the front (FIG. 2bis) by a spiral strip 15.
  • the assembly is maintained by a split ring 16 adapted to open out radially under the effect of centrifugal acceleration, then to permit progressive unwinding of the spiral strip 15 until the release of the bolt 14 which can then open out radially releasing in its turn the firing pin 2.
  • the object of the principal feature of the present invention is precisely to mitigate this disadvantage, that is to say to reduce the risk of such a premature and untimely firing of the detonator 9.
  • the movable rotor 11 is subjected to the action of a retractable blocking member 17 adapted to retain this rotor in the safety position illustrated in FIG. 1, this blocking member 17 being necessarily maintained in active position by the centrifugal bolt 14 as long as this bolt is located in its locking position.
  • the expansion of the bolt in question, at the end of the muzzle safety time hasthe effect of permitting the retraction of this blocking member 17 under the effect of appropriate return means.
  • the rotor l 1 can only rotate to come into its armed position once the muzzle safety time has expires, which excludes any risk of premature and untimely firing of the detonator 9.
  • the return means for the blocking member 17 can be realized, either, by mechanical means such as for example springs (not shown) or ramps carried by a movable part of the fuse urged by accelerations (centrifugal or axial) to which the projectile is subjected, or, by arrangements of the blocking member 17 in a manner such that, once released by the bolt 14, it retracts automatically under the effect of accelerations (centrifugal or axial) to which the projectile is subjected, or again, by the conjugated action of such mechanical means and arrangements.
  • mechanical means such as for example springs (not shown) or ramps carried by a movable part of the fuse urged by accelerations (centrifugal or axial) to which the projectile is subjected
  • arrangements of the blocking member 17 in a manner such that, once released by the bolt 14, it retracts automatically under the effect of accelerations (centrifugal or axial) to which the projectile is subjected, or again, by the conjugated action of such mechanical means and arrangements.
  • the blocking member 17 comprises a capsule coaxial with the firing pin 2 and having a lateral cylindrical wall and a convex curved bottom 17a fitting into a socket A of complementary form formed in the zone of the rotor ll located adjacent to the firing pin when this rotor is in its safety position.
  • the capsule-type block member 17 is guided axially in a bore formed in the center of a transverse partition 18 serving as a support for the bolt 14 and the outer diameter of this capsule being such that the front edge of its lateral wall abuts against the rear edge of the bolt 14 when this bolt is in its locking position (case of FIGS. 1, 2 and Zbis).
  • the socket A is not very deep and the curved bottom 17a of the capsule-type block member 17 assumes the form of a portion of a sphere, which permits the rotor 11 to exert, during its rotation, a ramp effect (on the side of the socket A) to cause the retraction of this capsule by an axial movement directed towards the front.
  • the lateral wall of the capsule-type block member 17 remains cylindrical but the bottom 17a of this capsule and the socket A are given a frustoconical form and a greater height, the other elements of the fuse remaining unchanged.
  • the outer lateral wall of the capsule 18 is given a trunconical form with the large base directed towards the front, the bottom 17a of this capsule and a socket A having the same spherical curved form as in the case of FIG. 1.
  • the rotor blocking member comprises, instead of a capsule, a longitudinal pin 17 bearing towards the front against the bolt 14 and engaged towards the rear in a notch E formed in the rotor 11.
  • a percussion fuse adapted to be mounted on a sprn-stabil' ized projectile to spin therewith, said percussion fuse comprising:
  • a locking device adapted to cooperate with said percussion element, said locking device having a lock position in which it locks said percussion element, and a release position in which it releases said percussion element, said locking device being adapted to be moved from its lock position to its release position by the action of the centn'fugal force caused by the spin, thus releasing said percussion element only after a time delay,
  • a rotor mounted between said percussion element and said detonator, said rotor having a safety position and an arm position, and being adapted to be moved, when it is released, from its safety position to its armed position by the action of the centrifugal force caused by the spin,
  • a retractable blocking member adapted to cooperate with said rotor, said blocking member having a block position in which it blocks said rotor in its safety position, and a release position in which it releases said rotor, said blocking member being adapted to retract to its release position, when it is released by said locking device, to release said rotor.
  • a percussion fuse according to claim 1 wherein retraction means are provided provided, adapted to cooperate with said retractable blocking member for retracting said blocking member.
  • a percussion fuse according to claim 1 wherein said blocking member comprises a capsule coaxial with said percussion element, said capsule fitting, in the block position of said blocking member, into a socket of corresponding shape formed in the zone of said rotor located adjacent to said percussion element when said rotor is in its safety position, said capsule being guided axially in a bore formed in a transverse wall of the fuse.
  • a percussion fuse according to claim 1 wherein said blocking member comprises a longitudinal pin which, when said blocking member is in its block position, bears towards the front against said locking device, and engages towards the rear in a notch formed in said rotor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
US735399A 1967-06-09 1968-06-07 Percussion fuse Expired - Lifetime US3585935A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU53848 1967-06-09

Publications (1)

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US3585935A true US3585935A (en) 1971-06-22

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ID=19725243

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US735399A Expired - Lifetime US3585935A (en) 1967-06-09 1968-06-07 Percussion fuse

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US (1) US3585935A (is")
BE (1) BE715917A (is")
CH (1) CH470650A (is")
DE (1) DE1703501B2 (is")
FR (1) FR1568566A (is")
GB (1) GB1215519A (is")
LU (1) LU53848A1 (is")
SE (1) SE347350B (is")

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3995557A (en) * 1974-11-20 1976-12-07 Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon-Buhrle Ag Base fuze for a spinning projectile
US4026216A (en) * 1974-12-07 1977-05-31 Rheinmetall G.M.B.H. Arming fuze for artillery shell
US4242963A (en) * 1978-09-25 1981-01-06 General Electric Company Delayed arming fuze for a spinning projectile
US4406225A (en) * 1980-07-02 1983-09-27 Rheinmetall Gmbh Ignition fuse for spin-stabilized projectiles
US4432283A (en) * 1980-12-11 1984-02-21 Gebruder Junghans Gmbh Projectile fuse responsive to the spinning motion of a projectile
US4510869A (en) * 1982-09-24 1985-04-16 Manufacture De Machines Du Haut-Rhin, "Manurhin" Rotating cage security device for a gyratory projectile
JPS60101500A (ja) * 1983-10-19 1985-06-05 ウエルクツオイクマシイネンフアブリーク・エーリコン‐ビユーレ・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト 旋回弾丸用着発信管
GB2172971A (en) * 1985-03-06 1986-10-01 Misar Spa A striker and detonator assembly for priming exploding charges
US6237495B1 (en) * 1999-02-04 2001-05-29 Chartered Ammunition Industries Pte Ltd Self-destructing impact fuse
US20110259226A1 (en) * 2010-04-27 2011-10-27 Nexter Munitions Priming device initiated electrically for a projectile
US20120248239A1 (en) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 Geswender Christopher E Steerable spin-stabilized projectile
CN113670144A (zh) * 2021-08-02 2021-11-19 南京理工大学 提高小尺寸弹头引信隔爆安全性的内腔封堵连接结构

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2707918A (en) * 1954-04-06 1955-05-10 Murray G Clay Fuse for a military shell
US2750889A (en) * 1950-05-20 1956-06-19 Mefina Sa Fuses for projectiles
US2856855A (en) * 1955-10-13 1958-10-21 Samuel D Horowitz Retainer assembly for a fuze
US3249051A (en) * 1963-11-12 1966-05-03 Junghans Geb Ag Self-destroying fuze for rotating projectiles
US3270670A (en) * 1964-02-18 1966-09-06 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Impact fuzes for spinning explosive projectiles and more particularly basedetonatingfuzes of the type equipped with a mechanical auto-destruction device
US3353489A (en) * 1965-02-26 1967-11-21 Rheinmetall Gmbh Impact fuze for a spinning projectile

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2750889A (en) * 1950-05-20 1956-06-19 Mefina Sa Fuses for projectiles
US2707918A (en) * 1954-04-06 1955-05-10 Murray G Clay Fuse for a military shell
US2856855A (en) * 1955-10-13 1958-10-21 Samuel D Horowitz Retainer assembly for a fuze
US3249051A (en) * 1963-11-12 1966-05-03 Junghans Geb Ag Self-destroying fuze for rotating projectiles
US3270670A (en) * 1964-02-18 1966-09-06 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Impact fuzes for spinning explosive projectiles and more particularly basedetonatingfuzes of the type equipped with a mechanical auto-destruction device
US3353489A (en) * 1965-02-26 1967-11-21 Rheinmetall Gmbh Impact fuze for a spinning projectile

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3995557A (en) * 1974-11-20 1976-12-07 Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon-Buhrle Ag Base fuze for a spinning projectile
US4026216A (en) * 1974-12-07 1977-05-31 Rheinmetall G.M.B.H. Arming fuze for artillery shell
US4242963A (en) * 1978-09-25 1981-01-06 General Electric Company Delayed arming fuze for a spinning projectile
US4406225A (en) * 1980-07-02 1983-09-27 Rheinmetall Gmbh Ignition fuse for spin-stabilized projectiles
US4432283A (en) * 1980-12-11 1984-02-21 Gebruder Junghans Gmbh Projectile fuse responsive to the spinning motion of a projectile
US4510869A (en) * 1982-09-24 1985-04-16 Manufacture De Machines Du Haut-Rhin, "Manurhin" Rotating cage security device for a gyratory projectile
JPS60101500A (ja) * 1983-10-19 1985-06-05 ウエルクツオイクマシイネンフアブリーク・エーリコン‐ビユーレ・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト 旋回弾丸用着発信管
GB2172971A (en) * 1985-03-06 1986-10-01 Misar Spa A striker and detonator assembly for priming exploding charges
US6237495B1 (en) * 1999-02-04 2001-05-29 Chartered Ammunition Industries Pte Ltd Self-destructing impact fuse
DE19983923B4 (de) * 1999-02-04 2008-10-02 Chartered Ammunition Industries Pte Ltd Selbstzerstörender Aufprallzünder
US20110259226A1 (en) * 2010-04-27 2011-10-27 Nexter Munitions Priming device initiated electrically for a projectile
US8631743B2 (en) * 2010-04-27 2014-01-21 Nexter Munitions Priming device initiated electrically for a projectile
US20120248239A1 (en) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 Geswender Christopher E Steerable spin-stabilized projectile
US8916810B2 (en) * 2011-03-30 2014-12-23 Raytheon Company Steerable spin-stabilized projectile
CN113670144A (zh) * 2021-08-02 2021-11-19 南京理工大学 提高小尺寸弹头引信隔爆安全性的内腔封堵连接结构
CN113670144B (zh) * 2021-08-02 2022-06-28 南京理工大学 提高小尺寸弹头引信隔爆安全性的内腔封堵连接结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1215519A (en) 1970-12-09
FR1568566A (is") 1969-05-23
DE1703501A1 (de) 1972-04-06
SE347350B (is") 1972-07-31
BE715917A (is") 1968-10-16
CH470650A (fr) 1969-03-31
DE1703501B2 (de) 1976-08-19
LU53848A1 (is") 1969-04-22

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