US3584171A - Electric circuit breaker of minimum liquid type - Google Patents

Electric circuit breaker of minimum liquid type Download PDF

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Publication number
US3584171A
US3584171A US787183A US3584171DA US3584171A US 3584171 A US3584171 A US 3584171A US 787183 A US787183 A US 787183A US 3584171D A US3584171D A US 3584171DA US 3584171 A US3584171 A US 3584171A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
channel
pressure accumulating
electric circuit
space
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US787183A
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English (en)
Inventor
Walter Pucher
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ABB Norden Holding AB
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ASEA AB
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3584171A publication Critical patent/US3584171A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/72—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber
    • H01H33/75—Liquid-break switches, e.g. oil-break

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric circuit breakers of the minimum liquid type andthe object of the invention is to effect a liquid circuit breaker having high breaking capacity at voltages up to about 25 kilovolts and which is at the same time cheap to manufacture and requires little space.
  • the Prior Art is based on a previously known type of liquid circuit breaker consisting of an extinguishing chamber immersed in a liquid, in which is arranged a pressure accumulating chamber partly filled with liquid and containing a gasfilled, closed, annular space above the liquid surface.
  • the movable contactof the breaker is moved into the extinguishing chamber from its lower side and is displaceable in an arc channel arranged through the extinguishing chamber to engage a stationary contact arranged at the upper end of the arc channel.
  • a number of outlet openings arranged perpendicular to the arc channel lead from the pressure accumulating chamber and open out directly into the liquid-filled space surrounding the extinguishing chamber.
  • circuit breaker is relatively space-consuming, mainly because the inside of the extinguishing chamber is designed in such a way with respect to, among other things, removal of the breaking gases, that the extinguishing chamber must be arranged inside an outer container filled with liquid.
  • This is a big disadvantage, particularly with breakers to be erected indoors since the question of space is then of particular importance. It is also desirable in circuit breakers of this type to be able to decrease the necessary quantity of liquid as far as possible, particularly if inflammable liquid is used.
  • the minimum liquid circuit breaker comprises, as does the above-described known circuit breaker, an elongated, substantially vertical and preferably cylindrical extinguishing chamber, an arc channel running in the longitudinal direction of said chamber, a movable contact displaceable through said channel to engage a stationary contact in the upper end of the channel, at least one pressure accumulating space arranged in said extinguishing chamber, said pressure accumulating space being partly filled with liquid and containing a closed gas-filled space, at least one outlet channel from said pressure accumulating space crossing said are channel, said outlet channel being released by the movable contact when the circuit breaker opens.
  • the circuit breaker is characterized in that said outlet channels open into at least one exhaust channel arranged inside said extinguishing chamber and leading into an expansion chamber arranged above the extinguishing chamber, said expansion chamber being partly filled with gas, said pressure accumulating space and said exhaust channel extending along said are channel at substantially the same distance from the arc channel.
  • a circuit breaker constructed in this manner is very much smaller, particularly with respect to the pole diameter and thus the costs of the circuit breaker are lower. The smaller dimensions also result in indirect savings, particularly with indoor plants, since the space required for the circuit breaker is less.
  • the pressure accumulating space and the exhaust channel have cross sections in the shape of ring sectors. They may also be arranged to become narrower in the downward direction to effect a favorable flow in the chamber.
  • circuit breaker With a circuit breaker according to the present invention where the extinguishing is effected by a liquid flow directed perpendicular to the arc, it is suitable for the part of the stationary contact situated nearest the exhaust channel to be formed as an arc contact, so that it extends further down than the rest of the contact.
  • the arc is thus under better control and its upper end is more effectively cooled. Also, burn marks are prevented from occurring on that part of the contact surface of the stationary contact through which the current passes when the circuit breaker is closed.
  • At low currents the gas pressure in the pressure accumulating space may not be sufficiently high for the first extinguishing attempt to succeed.
  • at least one liquid-filled space is suitably arranged below the outlet channels and surrounding the arc channel.
  • the liquid-filled space communicates freely with the arc channel. Breaking of small currents can be further facilitated by utilizing the contact movement to pump liquid into the arc channel.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically by way of example a longitudinal section through a minimum liquid circuit breaker according to the invention and FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show the same circuit breaker in cross section along the lines A-A, 8-H and C-C in FIG. 1.
  • the circuit breaker shown in the drawings consists of a cylindrical extinguishing chamber 1 of insulating material having a metallic lid 2 arranged at its upper end which is electrically connected with the stationary contact 3 of the breaker.
  • the movable contact 4 consists of a solid contact plug which is displaceable through an arc channel 5 arranged centrally in the extinguishing chamber, to engage the stationary contact 3 arranged at the upper end of the channel.
  • the circuit breaker is filled with liquid, for example oil, to a level in the lower part of the lid 2.
  • the lid 2 thus limits an expansion space 6 which is in communication with the open air through an opening 7.
  • a so-called oil separator may suitably be arranged in this opening which prevents the liquid from being forced out of the circuit breaker when the liquid is set in motion during a breaking operation.
  • a pressure accumulating space 8 which is only partly filled with liquid so that a closed gas-filled space 9 is formed above the liquid surface.
  • An oil level opening 10 is arranged in the pressure accumulating space 8 so that after each breaking operation the oil will return to the same level as before the breaking.
  • Three outlet channels 11 cross the arc channel 5 from the pressure accumulating space 8 and open into an exhaust channel 12.
  • This exhaust channel 12 leads in turn up to the expansion chamber 6 in the lid 2.
  • the pressure accumulating space 8 and the exhaust channel 12 have ring sector shaped cross sections and become narrower in downward direction.
  • the stationary contact 3 is constructed as a tulip contact, the part 13 situated nearest the exhaust channel 12 forming an arc contact which extends further down than the rest of the contact.
  • the contact separation will therefore always take place at a distance from that part of the contact surface of the stationary contact through which the current passes when the circuit breaker is closed, and this part of the contact surface is thus not damaged by the arc.
  • two liquid pockets 14 are arranged in the lower part of the extinguishing chamber.
  • the movement of the contact is also utilized when the circuit breaker opens to pump liquid into the arc channel 5 through special holes 15 which form a connection channel from the lower part of the circuit breaker to the pressure accumulating space 8.
  • the circuit breaker operates in the following manner: When the movable contact 4 leaves the arc contact 13 an arc is formed which causes strong vaporization of the oil. The gases force away the oil in the accumulating space 8 and the gas pocket'9 is compressed. When the current wave approaches zero the pressure decreases very rapidly in the arc channel 5 and a powerful liquid flow is forced from the pressure accumulating space 8 through the outlet channels 11 and the exhaust channel 12 to the expansion space 6. The are path is thus rapidly de-ionized and the dielectric strength between the contacts is quickly restored so that reignition of the arc is prevented. Metal and carbon particles are simultaneously rinsed away from the important parts of the chamber.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment shown. Several modifications are feasible within the scope of the following claims.
  • the arc channel 5 may, for example, be arranged eccentrically in the extinguishing chamber 1, so that the pressure accumulating space 8 and the exhaust channel l2 chamber and the insulator porcelain may be filled with liquid.
  • Electric circuit breaker of the minimum liquid type having an elongated, substantially vertical extinguishing chamber an arc channel running in t e longitudina direction of sat chamber, a stationary contact in the upper end of the channel, a movable contact displaceable through said channel to engage said stationary contact, at least one pressure accumulating space in said extinguishing chamber, said pressure accumulating space being partly filled with liquid and including a closed gas-filled space, a plurality of outlet channels from said pressure accumulating space crossing said are channel, the uppermost of said outlet channels being arranged immediately below the stationary contact, said outlet channels being uncovered by the movable contact when the circuit breaker opens, in which the invention comprises at least one exhaust channel arranged inside said extinguishing chamber and an expansion chamber arranged above the extinguishing chamber, said outlet channels opening into said exhaust channel and said exhaust channel leading to said expansion chamber, said expansion chamber being partly filled with gas, said pressure accumulating space and said exhaust channel extending along in the direction of said are channel
  • Electric circuit breaker according to claim 1 in which the pressure accumulating space and exhaust channel are arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the arc channel.
  • Electric circuit breaker according to claim 1 in which the pressure accumulating space and exhaust channel have cross sections in the shape of ring sectors.
  • Electric circuit breaker according to claim 1, in which the movable contact has means cooperating therewith forming a pump arrangement to pump liquid into the arc channel when the breaker opens.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
US787183A 1967-12-29 1968-12-26 Electric circuit breaker of minimum liquid type Expired - Lifetime US3584171A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE17976/67A SE336160B (de) 1967-12-29 1967-12-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3584171A true US3584171A (en) 1971-06-08

Family

ID=20304146

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US787183A Expired - Lifetime US3584171A (en) 1967-12-29 1968-12-26 Electric circuit breaker of minimum liquid type

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3584171A (de)
CH (1) CH488276A (de)
DE (1) DE6812479U (de)
FR (1) FR1598884A (de)
GB (1) GB1242860A (de)
SE (1) SE336160B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4611189A (en) * 1985-02-07 1986-09-09 Rte Corporation Underoil primary circuit breaker
US4652709A (en) * 1984-06-07 1987-03-24 Bbc Brown Boveri & Co., Ltd. Gas blast switch

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1203659A (fr) * 1957-03-27 1960-01-20 Oerlikon Maschf Disjoncteur à fluide d'extinction liquide
DE1127443B (de) * 1959-12-12 1962-04-12 Sachsenwerk Licht & Kraft Ag Querstroemungsloeschkammer fuer elektrische Fluessigkeitsleistungsschalter
AT230991B (de) * 1961-04-11 1964-01-10 Magrini Fab Riun Scarpa Ölschalter mit Löschkammer

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1203659A (fr) * 1957-03-27 1960-01-20 Oerlikon Maschf Disjoncteur à fluide d'extinction liquide
DE1127443B (de) * 1959-12-12 1962-04-12 Sachsenwerk Licht & Kraft Ag Querstroemungsloeschkammer fuer elektrische Fluessigkeitsleistungsschalter
AT230991B (de) * 1961-04-11 1964-01-10 Magrini Fab Riun Scarpa Ölschalter mit Löschkammer

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4652709A (en) * 1984-06-07 1987-03-24 Bbc Brown Boveri & Co., Ltd. Gas blast switch
US4611189A (en) * 1985-02-07 1986-09-09 Rte Corporation Underoil primary circuit breaker
AU580842B2 (en) * 1985-02-07 1989-02-02 Rte Corporation Underoil primary circuit breaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE336160B (de) 1971-06-28
FR1598884A (de) 1970-07-06
GB1242860A (en) 1971-08-18
DE6812479U (de) 1969-05-22
CH488276A (de) 1970-03-31

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