US3580324A - Double-oriented single crystal castings - Google Patents

Double-oriented single crystal castings Download PDF

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Publication number
US3580324A
US3580324A US806823A US3580324DA US3580324A US 3580324 A US3580324 A US 3580324A US 806823 A US806823 A US 806823A US 3580324D A US3580324D A US 3580324DA US 3580324 A US3580324 A US 3580324A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tube
chill plate
cavity
mold
chill
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Expired - Lifetime
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US806823A
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English (en)
Inventor
Stephen M Copley
Anthony F Giamei
Merton F Hornbecker
Bernard H Kear
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RTX Corp
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United Aircraft Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
    • C30B11/14—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method characterised by the seed, e.g. its crystallographic orientation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
    • C30B29/52—Alloys

Definitions

  • a more precise orientation of the dendrites in a plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis may be essential and may produce, in some particularly stressed parts a superior strength, since the strength of the single crystal castings varies in accordance with the orientation of the dendrites.
  • Kear et al. Ser. No. 806,869, filed Mar. [3, I969, describes one device and process for producing doubly oriented single crystal articles
  • another application of Barrow et al. Ser. No. 806,874, filed Mar. l3, I969, describes a modification or improvement of the firstmentioned application. Both these and the present application have a common assignee.
  • One feature of the invention is an apparatus by which to selectively orient the dendrite growth and thus the strength characteristics in a particular relation to the part in each of two directions. That is to say, in both a vertical and a horizontal direction with respect to the part as cast. Another feature is a method by which this orientation may be obtained. A particular feature is an arrangement by which the orientation is not necessarily in a vertical or horizontal plane.
  • a principal object of the invention is the production of single crystal castings in which the crystalline orientation, the dendrite growth, is selectively oriented in each of two directions at right angles to one another.
  • the casting is made in a mold having associated therewith a pair of chill plate surfaces at right angles to one another to establish columnar grain growth perpendicularly to each chill surface.
  • the intersecting grain growths produce a vertical grain growth in which the dendritic growth is positioned at right angles to both chill surfaces and thus doubly oriented. From this doubly oriented growth a single crystal is selected to grow into the effective mold portion.
  • FIG. I is a vertical sectional view through a device embodying the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view along line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a modification for producing a casting with 1 l] orientation.
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of a modification producing a casting with l l l orientation.
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary view looking in the direction of the arrow 5 in FIG. 4.
  • the doubly oriented casting is made in a ceramic mold I0 resting on a chill plate assembly consisting of the usual horizontally surfaced chill plate 12 and a secondary chill plate l3 having a vertical surface 14 exposed to and forming a wall of a solidification controlling cavity 16.
  • the bottom wall of this cavity is the conventional chill plate 12.
  • the mold 10 has a depending flange l8 resting on the upper surface of the secondary chill plate 13 and has a relatively heavy wall 20 extending upwardly from the flange and in which a plurality of article casting cavities 22 are formed. These cavities preferably have their longitudinal axes vertical within the mold and the several cavities surround a central vertical opening 24 in the mold. This opening 24 provides for filling the mold with molten alloy and also serves to control the cooling rate of the alloy in the several article casting cavities 22.
  • Each cavity 22 has a restricted passage 26 at the bottom of the cavity terminating in the bottom surface 28 of the main wall of the mold.
  • a small ceramic tube 30 Attached to-this bottom surface and communicating with the lower end of the restricted passage 26 for each article casting cavity is a small ceramic tube 30 with a bend in it.
  • This tube is connected to the mold in such a way that the bottom end of the tube is positioned adjacent to the vertical wall of the secondary chill but spaced therefrom to allow the flow of alloy into the tube to fill the mold.
  • the portion of the tube 30 below the 90 bend is also at right angles to the vertical chill.
  • both legs of the right angle tube 30 are shown as being in the plane of the drawing and in this way the dendritic growth will be in two planes at right angles to one another and at right angles to the effective chill surfaces.
  • the mold In operation, the mold is heated as described in the Ver- Snyder U.S. Pat. No. 3,260,505. When the proper mold temperature is obtained the mold is filled with molten alloy through the central opening. During this filling the alloy flows upwardly from the solidification controlling cavity through the tubes 30 to fill the several article casting cavities. When the mold is properly filled the chill plates are made effective and the temperature of the mold is gradually reduced beginning at the bottom of the mold to produce a thermal gradient in the mold that will control the rate of solidification and will cause a controlled rate of the upward movement of the liquid-solid in face in both the center opening and the article casting cavities. This technique is described in the VerSnyder Pat. and for single crystal casting in the Piearcey application, Ser. No. 540,114.
  • article cavities are made whatever the desired shape of the finished article. Such molds are conventionally made by the lost-wax process. A cover plate 31 is shown for each of the several article cavities to minimize heat loss. Much of the casting done by this process and apparatus utilizes the well-known vacuum casting technique.
  • FIG. 3 The arrangement of FIG. 3 is similar to FIG. I in many respects.
  • the conventional chill 12' presents the horizontal chill surface but the secondary chill 13' has a chill surface 32 extending at an angle of 45 to the horizontal chill surface.
  • the mold has the same type of article casting cavities 22' but the thin ceramic tube 30 is arranged with its lower leg at right angles to the 45 surface of the secondary chill plate and the upper leg extends at right angles to the lower leg, and, in the arrangement shown, the entire tube is in the same plane as the vertical section of the drawing.
  • the operation of this modification is much the same as above described.
  • the directionally solidified growth in the solidification controlling chamber is vertical from the main chill plate, and, also at right angles to the 45 surface of the secondary chill plates.
  • the dendritic growth entering the tube 30' is at right angles to this 45 chill surface.
  • At the bend in the tube a few crystals having a direction parallel to the upper leg of the tube grow therein to the restriction 26 which then selects a single crystal to grow through the restriction and into the casting cavity.
  • the dendritic growth is in two directions parallel to the two legs of the tube and is so con tinued into the cast article. This produces a l l]orientation.
  • FIG. 4 has the mold l0" resting on chill plates consisting of the horizontal chill plate 12" and the secondary chill plate 13'.
  • the latter has an operative surface 34 extending at an acute angle to the horizontal, the angle in this case being 55".
  • This surface 34 forms a part of the sidewall of the solidification controlling cavity 16'.
  • a thin ceramic tube 30 which may be made of aluminum oxide, is cemented to the mold at the lower end of the restricted passage 26" but in this configuration the upper leg of the tube is not in the same vertical plane as the lower leg but is, in fact, at an angle to a vertical plane, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • this leg, shown in phantom in FIG. 4 extends out of the plane of this FlG., although the angle of the tube is still a right angle.
  • This arrangement permits the selection of another orientation of crystal or dendritic growth.
  • Directionally solidified growth begins both vertically from plate 12 and angularly at right angles to the surface of plate 13.
  • the tube 30" selects a few directionally solidified grains which grow through the lower leg parallel to its axis. At the bend, the crystalline growth continues into the upper leg from a few of these grains, with the dendritic growth parallel to this leg of the tube, thus establishing a doubly oriented dendritic growth parallel to the two legs of the tube,
  • the restriction 26" selects one of these doubly oriented grains and this grain propagates through the restriction and into the article cavity with the same doubly oriented dentritic structure.
  • the tube 30 (or 30' or 30") need not be as small in diameter as the restriction 26 above the tube and thus the"e is only a short-restricted passage through which the molten alloy must flow in filling the article cavities. Further, the tube is not subjected to any pressure differential as the molten alloy will be at substantially the same level both within and outside the tube during filling of the mold, and thus it may have a very thin wall so that there willbe no substantial temperature difference in the metal inside of and outside of the tube during the solidification process.
  • Appara us for casting doubly oriented single crystal articles including a mold having at least one article forming cavity therein, a solidification controlling cavity vertically parallel to said article cavity and extending below the article cavity to an open lower end, chill plates at angles to one another closing said open lower end, said article cavity having a constricted lower end opening into said solidification cavity, a ceramic tube extending from said constricted opening to a point adjacent the surface of one of said chill plates and having substantially a rectangular bend therein, said solidification cavity having an open top end by which the mold is filled.
  • Apparatus for casting doubly oriented single crystal castings including a mold having a plurality of vertically positioned article forming cavities thereon in spaced relation to one another, and a vertically positioned solidification cavity in parallel relation to and adjacent to the article forming cavities, all of said cavities terminating at and opening into a larger base cavity open at the bottom of the mold, at least two chill plates arranged with their operative surfaces at an angle to one another and closing the open bottom of the mold, and ceramic tubes positioned in said base cavity and extending from the open ends of the article forming cavities to points adjacent to and spaced from one of said chill plates, each tube having sub stantially a right-angle bend therein between its ends, the position of the tube and the chill plates determining the orientation of the dendritic growth in the tubes and the article cavities.
  • Apparatus as in claim 3 in which one chill plate has its operative surface at an acute angle to the horizontal and the portions of the ceramic at opposite sides of the right-angle bend are respectively perpendicular to and parallel to said surface.
  • a chill plate having a surface extending at an angle to the horizontal, forming a mold having parallely extending solidification and article forming cavities both terminating at the bottom in an enlarged casting cavity closed by said chill plate, connecting the open end article forming cavity by a thin walled tube located in said casting cavity to a point adjacent to the chill plate surface, providing a rectangular bend in said tube and positioning the portion of the tube from the bend to the open lower end at right angles to the chill plate surface,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
US806823A 1969-03-13 1969-03-13 Double-oriented single crystal castings Expired - Lifetime US3580324A (en)

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US80682369A 1969-03-13 1969-03-13

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US (1) US3580324A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA919059A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2011474C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2037792A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1263401A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE355308B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3738416A (en) * 1969-03-13 1973-06-12 United Aircraft Corp Method of making double-oriented single crystal castings
US4213497A (en) * 1978-08-21 1980-07-22 General Electric Company Method for casting directionally solidified articles
US4548255A (en) * 1982-03-01 1985-10-22 United Technologies Corporation Mold with starter and selector sections for directional solidification casting
US4580613A (en) * 1982-08-05 1986-04-08 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation Method and mold for casting articles having a predetermined crystalline orientation
US4605452A (en) * 1981-12-14 1986-08-12 United Technologies Corporation Single crystal articles having controlled secondary crystallographic orientation
US4612969A (en) * 1983-04-27 1986-09-23 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation Method of and apparatus for casting articles with predetermined crystalline orientation
US5735334A (en) * 1991-12-07 1998-04-07 Alloy Technologies Limited Casting of light metal alloys
EP1076119A1 (en) * 1999-08-11 2001-02-14 ABB Alstom Power (Schweiz) AG Apparatus and method for manufacture a directionally solidified columnar grained article
US6217286B1 (en) * 1998-06-26 2001-04-17 General Electric Company Unidirectionally solidified cast article and method of making
US20130062032A1 (en) * 2010-05-28 2013-03-14 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Method for producing a monocrystalline body from a magnetic shape memory alloy

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4133368A (en) * 1977-08-01 1979-01-09 United Technologies Corporation Single crystal casting mold and method for making same
FR2487864A1 (fr) * 1980-08-04 1982-02-05 Shekalov Alexandr Dispositif pour la croissance des monocristaux en groupe
DE3031747C2 (de) * 1980-08-22 1983-11-03 Nikolaj Vasil'evič Šarygin Vorrichtung zur Gruppenzüchtung von Einkristallen
FR2724857B1 (fr) * 1980-12-30 1997-01-03 Snecma Procede de fabrication d'aubes cristallines
FR2734187A1 (fr) * 1981-09-25 1996-11-22 Snecma Procede de fabrication d'aubes monocristallines
US4550764A (en) * 1983-12-22 1985-11-05 Trw Inc. Apparatus and method for casting single crystal articles
FR2734189B1 (fr) * 1989-05-24 1997-07-18 Snecma Dispositif de selection d'un grain de cristallisation pour pieces monocristallines en fonderie

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3342455A (en) * 1964-11-24 1967-09-19 Trw Inc Article with controlled grain structure
US3485291A (en) * 1968-06-07 1969-12-23 United Aircraft Corp Method of casting by directional solidification
US3494709A (en) * 1965-05-27 1970-02-10 United Aircraft Corp Single crystal metallic part
US3515205A (en) * 1968-03-20 1970-06-02 United Aircraft Corp Mold construction forming single crystal pieces

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3342455A (en) * 1964-11-24 1967-09-19 Trw Inc Article with controlled grain structure
US3494709A (en) * 1965-05-27 1970-02-10 United Aircraft Corp Single crystal metallic part
US3515205A (en) * 1968-03-20 1970-06-02 United Aircraft Corp Mold construction forming single crystal pieces
US3485291A (en) * 1968-06-07 1969-12-23 United Aircraft Corp Method of casting by directional solidification

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3738416A (en) * 1969-03-13 1973-06-12 United Aircraft Corp Method of making double-oriented single crystal castings
US4213497A (en) * 1978-08-21 1980-07-22 General Electric Company Method for casting directionally solidified articles
US4605452A (en) * 1981-12-14 1986-08-12 United Technologies Corporation Single crystal articles having controlled secondary crystallographic orientation
US4548255A (en) * 1982-03-01 1985-10-22 United Technologies Corporation Mold with starter and selector sections for directional solidification casting
US4580613A (en) * 1982-08-05 1986-04-08 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation Method and mold for casting articles having a predetermined crystalline orientation
US4612969A (en) * 1983-04-27 1986-09-23 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation Method of and apparatus for casting articles with predetermined crystalline orientation
US5735334A (en) * 1991-12-07 1998-04-07 Alloy Technologies Limited Casting of light metal alloys
US6217286B1 (en) * 1998-06-26 2001-04-17 General Electric Company Unidirectionally solidified cast article and method of making
EP1076119A1 (en) * 1999-08-11 2001-02-14 ABB Alstom Power (Schweiz) AG Apparatus and method for manufacture a directionally solidified columnar grained article
US6568456B1 (en) 1999-08-11 2003-05-27 Alstom Method for manufacture of a directionally solidified columnar grained article
US20030188845A1 (en) * 1999-08-11 2003-10-09 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Directionally solidified columnar grained article and apparatus for manufacture thereof--
US20050028959A1 (en) * 1999-08-11 2005-02-10 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Apparatus for manufacture of directionally solidified columnar grained article thereof
US7225857B2 (en) 1999-08-11 2007-06-05 Alstom Apparatus for manufacture of directionally solidified columnar grained article thereof
US7250088B2 (en) 1999-08-11 2007-07-31 Alstom Directionally solidified columnar grained article and apparatus for manufacture thereof
US20130062032A1 (en) * 2010-05-28 2013-03-14 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Method for producing a monocrystalline body from a magnetic shape memory alloy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2011474B2 (de) 1973-03-01
FR2037792A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-31
DE2011474A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-11-19
SE355308B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-04-16
GB1263401A (en) 1972-02-09
DE2011474C3 (de) 1973-10-04
CA919059A (en) 1973-01-16

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