US3577337A - Solvent extraction of coal - Google Patents
Solvent extraction of coal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3577337A US3577337A US18693A US3577337DA US3577337A US 3577337 A US3577337 A US 3577337A US 18693 A US18693 A US 18693A US 3577337D A US3577337D A US 3577337DA US 3577337 A US3577337 A US 3577337A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- quinoline
- solubilized
- extraction
- slurry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0261—Solvent extraction of solids comprising vibrating mechanisms, e.g. mechanical, acoustical
- B01D11/0265—Applying ultrasound
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/19—Inorganic fiber
Definitions
- a slurry of the coal in quinoline is subjected to ultrasonic irradiation at ambient temperature.
- the initial slurry suitably consists of about 10 to 40 weight percent of coal and is prepared by conventional means such as grinding or pulverizing the coal to a particle size of about 595 to 44 microns and introducing the finely divided coal into the quinoline by any conventional means.
- the process of the invention is generally most effective with high-volatile-A bituminous coals; however, other coals such as high-volatile-B, highvolatile-C bituminous, and cannel may also be treated according to process of the invention. Pure quinoline is not necessary for efficient extraction, crude quinolinebase fractions (water free) usually being satisfactory.
- Ambient temperature i.e., about 30 C. is generally optimum in the process of the invention. However, temperatures in the range of about 20 C. to 40 C. usually result in effective and economical extractions. Atmospheric pressure is satisfactory.
- the extraction is preferably carried out in an air atmosphere. Inert gases may be used but generally show no advantages.
- Irradiation of the coal-quinoline slurry may be carried out in any suitable apparatus such as a tank-type ultrasonic cleaner.
- Frequency of the radiation will range from about 30 to 90 kHz.
- Optimum power and duration of the irradiation will depend on the frequency employed, the type of coal, particle size of the coal, size and configuration of the reaction vessel, amount of quinoline employed, etc., and are best determined experimentally; however, a power of about 0.5 watt or less per square centimeter of slurry and an irradiation time of about 4 to 6 hours is usually satisfactory.
- the radiation may be supplied by any conventional ultrasonic generator such as Model 040015, Ultrasonic Industries, Inc., cleaner.
- solubilized coal and excess quinoline are removed from the undissolved coal residue by conventional means such as centrifugation or filtration.
- the residue is then preferably washed with additional quinoline; the washings are then added to the solubilized coal-quinoline mixture.
- Quinoline is then recovered from the solubilized coalquinoline mixture by conversion of the quinoline to a water-soluble salt. This is readily accomplished by addition of water and suflicient acid to give a mixture having a pH of about 1.5 to 2.0.
- the volume of water added is suitably about 5 to 10 times the volume of quinoline used to form the original slurry.
- Concentrated hydrochloric acid is the preferred acid; however, 1:1 HCl may also be used.
- the quinoline is converted to a water-soluble salt, leaving the solubilized coal product suspended in the quinoline-acid-water mixture.
- the coal product is then separated by filtration or centrifugation and is preferably washed with water to remove any occluded quinoline or acid.
- the quinolineacid mixture can then be converted to quinoline by neutralization with sodium hydroxide and the quinoline then reused in the extraction process.
- the irradiation time was extended to 24 hours.
- the solventextract mixture was removed from the coal residue by centrifugation.
- the coal residue was then washed with two S-ml. portions of solvent; the washings were added to the solubilized coal-quinoline mixture.
- Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to the solubilized coal quinoline mixture until a pH of 1.5 was obtained.
- a process for extraction or solubilization of coal comprising forming a slurry of the coal in quinoline and subjecting the coal-quinoline slurry to ultrasonic irradiation at a temperature of about 20 to 40 C.
Abstract
COAL IS EXTRACTED IN QUINOLINE BY TREATMENT OF A COALQUINOLINE SLURRY WITH ULTRASONIC IRADIATION AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE. THE QUINOLINE MAY THEN BE REMOVED FROM THE SOLUBILIZED COAL FRACTION BY CONVERSION TO A WATER-SOLUBLE QUINOLINE SALT. THE SOLUBILIZED FRACTION MAY BE USED FOR PRODUCTION OF GASOLINE, AROMATIC CHEMICALS, CARBON BLACK, ELECTRODE CARBONS, LOW-SULFUR AND -ASH FUELS FOR POWER PLANTS, ETC.
Description
United States Patent Oifice 3,577,337 Patented May 4, 1971 3,577,337 SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF COAL Theodore Kessler, Andrew G. Sharkey, Jr., Joseph Malli, Jr., and Robert A. Friedel, Pittsburgh, Pa., asslgnors to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Interior No Drawing. Filed Mar. 11, 1970, Ser. No. 18,693
Int. Cl. Cg 1/04 US. Cl. 208-8 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This invention relates to solubilization or extraction of coal to form products that are low in both sulfur and ash content. These products may be used directly as fuels, e.g., in power plants, or they may be further processed into gasoline, chemicals, carbons, etc.
Processes for extraction of coal are well known and a wide variety of solvents and reaction conditions have been employed in prior art processes. However, the economics of these processes have generally not been favorable to extensive commercial utilization, primarily due to inefficient extraction and high processing costs.
It has now been found, according to the process of the invention, that the use of quinoline as solvent, when exposed to ultrasonic irradiation, results in an eflicient and economical extraction of coal. Quinoline has previously been used in extraction of carbonaceous fuels; however, the use of high temperatures, i.e., about 300 C., was necessary for eflicient extraction. In the process of the invention, on the other hand, the extraction may be carried out at ambient temperature. The economics of the process is thereby considerably improved as a result of the reduction or elimination of the required amount of thermal energy.
Quinoline has been found to be unique in exhibiting eflicient extraction at ambient temperature. The superiority of this solvent as compared to other conventional solvents is illustrated in the example below.
According to the process of the invention, a slurry of the coal in quinoline is subjected to ultrasonic irradiation at ambient temperature. The initial slurry suitably consists of about 10 to 40 weight percent of coal and is prepared by conventional means such as grinding or pulverizing the coal to a particle size of about 595 to 44 microns and introducing the finely divided coal into the quinoline by any conventional means. The process of the invention is generally most effective with high-volatile-A bituminous coals; however, other coals such as high-volatile-B, highvolatile-C bituminous, and cannel may also be treated according to process of the invention. Pure quinoline is not necessary for efficient extraction, crude quinolinebase fractions (water free) usually being satisfactory.
Ambient temperature, i.e., about 30 C. is generally optimum in the process of the invention. However, temperatures in the range of about 20 C. to 40 C. usually result in effective and economical extractions. Atmospheric pressure is satisfactory. The extraction is preferably carried out in an air atmosphere. Inert gases may be used but generally show no advantages.
Irradiation of the coal-quinoline slurry may be carried out in any suitable apparatus such as a tank-type ultrasonic cleaner. Frequency of the radiation will range from about 30 to 90 kHz. Optimum power and duration of the irradiation will depend on the frequency employed, the type of coal, particle size of the coal, size and configuration of the reaction vessel, amount of quinoline employed, etc., and are best determined experimentally; however, a power of about 0.5 watt or less per square centimeter of slurry and an irradiation time of about 4 to 6 hours is usually satisfactory. The radiation may be supplied by any conventional ultrasonic generator such as Model 040015, Ultrasonic Industries, Inc., cleaner.
Following irradiation, the solubilized coal and excess quinoline are removed from the undissolved coal residue by conventional means such as centrifugation or filtration. The residue is then preferably washed with additional quinoline; the washings are then added to the solubilized coal-quinoline mixture.
Quinoline is then recovered from the solubilized coalquinoline mixture by conversion of the quinoline to a water-soluble salt. This is readily accomplished by addition of water and suflicient acid to give a mixture having a pH of about 1.5 to 2.0. The volume of water added is suitably about 5 to 10 times the volume of quinoline used to form the original slurry. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is the preferred acid; however, 1:1 HCl may also be used. At a pH in the above range the quinoline is converted to a water-soluble salt, leaving the solubilized coal product suspended in the quinoline-acid-water mixture. The coal product is then separated by filtration or centrifugation and is preferably washed with water to remove any occluded quinoline or acid. The quinolineacid mixture can then be converted to quinoline by neutralization with sodium hydroxide and the quinoline then reused in the extraction process.
The invention will be more specifically illustrated by the following example.
EXAMPLE A commercial ultrasonic generator operating at a frequency of kHz. with a total output of 80 watts was used to irradiate one-half gram samples of Pittsburgh seam coal 325 mesh) in 5 ml. of solvent for 4 hours at ambient temperature (30 C.) in an argon atmosphere. In a single experiment with quinoline, the irradiation time was extended to 24 hours. After irradiation, the solventextract mixture was removed from the coal residue by centrifugation. The coal residue was then washed with two S-ml. portions of solvent; the washings were added to the solubilized coal-quinoline mixture. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to the solubilized coal quinoline mixture until a pH of 1.5 was obtained. Seventyfive ml. of distilled water were added to separate the solvated coal from the soluble quinoline-hydrochloride. The solvated coal was removed from the mixture by filtration and washed with 500 ml. of distilled water to remove all traces of occluded quinoline hydrochloride.
The amount of coal solvated by various solvents is shown in the following table:
Ultrasonic solvation of Pittsburgh seam hvab coal As seen from the above table, approximately half of the coal was solvated after 4 hours of irradiation in quinoline, 2 /2 times the yield with pyridine. Yields were considerably less with formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and the hydroaromatic, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydronaphthalene. Seventynine percent of the coal was solubilized in quinoline when the irradiation time was increased from 4 hours to 24 hours. By contrast, mechanical agitation of a coal-quincline slurry for 24 hours at ambient temperature solubilized only 10 percent of the coal.
What is claimed is:
1. A process for extraction or solubilization of coal comprising forming a slurry of the coal in quinoline and subjecting the coal-quinoline slurry to ultrasonic irradiation at a temperature of about 20 to 40 C.
2. The process of claim 1 in which the coal comprises about 10 to 40 weight percent of the coal-quinoline slurry.
3. The process of claim 1 in which the frequency of the ultrasonic irradiation is about 30 to 90 kHz.
4. The process of claim 3 in which the frequency is about 80 kHz.
5. The process of claim 1 in which the power of the ultrasonic irradiation is about 0.5 Watt or less per square centimeter.
6. The process of claim 1 in which the temperature is about 30 C.
17. The process of claim 1 in which the quinoline is removed from the solubilized coal by formation of a watersoluble salt.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,202,901 6/ 1940 Dreyfus 208-8 2,722,498 11/1955 Morrell et a1 2088 DELBERT E. GANTZ, Primary Examiner V. OKEEFE, Assistant Examiner
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US1869370A | 1970-03-11 | 1970-03-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3577337A true US3577337A (en) | 1971-05-04 |
Family
ID=21789313
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US18693A Expired - Lifetime US3577337A (en) | 1970-03-11 | 1970-03-11 | Solvent extraction of coal |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3577337A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4026788A (en) * | 1973-12-11 | 1977-05-31 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing mesophase pitch |
US4108759A (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1978-08-22 | Young Serenus H A | Process and apparatus for converting coal into oil and other coal derivatives |
WO1981001296A1 (en) * | 1979-11-08 | 1981-05-14 | E Cottell | Process for beneficiating and stabilizing coal/oil/water fuels |
US4377391A (en) * | 1978-06-15 | 1983-03-22 | Cottell Eric Charles | Production of fuel |
US4412842A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1983-11-01 | Eric Charles Cottell | Coal beneficiation process |
US20100230329A1 (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2010-09-16 | Kittrick Bruce H | Continuous gravity assisted ultrasonic coal cleaner |
-
1970
- 1970-03-11 US US18693A patent/US3577337A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4026788A (en) * | 1973-12-11 | 1977-05-31 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing mesophase pitch |
US4108759A (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1978-08-22 | Young Serenus H A | Process and apparatus for converting coal into oil and other coal derivatives |
US4377391A (en) * | 1978-06-15 | 1983-03-22 | Cottell Eric Charles | Production of fuel |
US4412842A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1983-11-01 | Eric Charles Cottell | Coal beneficiation process |
WO1981001296A1 (en) * | 1979-11-08 | 1981-05-14 | E Cottell | Process for beneficiating and stabilizing coal/oil/water fuels |
US20100230329A1 (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2010-09-16 | Kittrick Bruce H | Continuous gravity assisted ultrasonic coal cleaner |
US8397919B2 (en) | 2009-03-16 | 2013-03-19 | Bruce H. Kittrick | Continuous gravity assisted ultrasonic coal cleaner |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4052448A (en) | Organic acids and process for preparing same | |
US4148614A (en) | Process for removing sulfur from coal | |
JPS5839192B2 (en) | Sekitanno Suisoten Kairiyouhouhou | |
US3920536A (en) | Coal dissolving process | |
US3577337A (en) | Solvent extraction of coal | |
EP0057575B1 (en) | Method of forming stabilized coal-oil mixtures | |
US3796650A (en) | Coal liquefaction process | |
US3813329A (en) | Solvent extraction of coal utilizing a heteropoly acid catalyst | |
US4238315A (en) | Recovery of oil from oil shale | |
US3779722A (en) | Process for desulfurizing fuel | |
McKay et al. | Recovery of organic matter from Green River oil shale at temperatures of 400 C and below | |
JP7258128B2 (en) | Method for removing ash from solid carbonaceous material | |
US4539095A (en) | Aqueous alkali depolymerization of coal with a quinone | |
US3819506A (en) | Coal dissolving process | |
US3491010A (en) | Method for cracking liquid hydrocarbons in an electrical discharge | |
GB2196644A (en) | Process for producing deep cleaned coal | |
US4263123A (en) | Anionic grafts of monomers onto coal substrates | |
US1720910A (en) | Process of treating material in liquid state electrochemically | |
US2191012A (en) | Electrothermal pyrolysis of carbon-bearing liquids | |
US745966A (en) | Process of producing silicon chlorids, hydrochloric acid, and alkali hydroxids. | |
US4195186A (en) | Process for preparing organic acids | |
US4195185A (en) | Process of preparing organic acids | |
US1887051A (en) | Treatment of hydrocarbon oils | |
Gottschalk et al. | Studies on glycoproteins: XVIII. Formation of diborane and dimethoxyborane in the lithium borohydride test for esters as a source of misinterpretation | |
JPS57195790A (en) | Preparation of raw material for carbonaceous product |