US3575581A - Heat-generating pipe utilizing skin effect current controlled locally in heat generation by short-circuiting bridges - Google Patents

Heat-generating pipe utilizing skin effect current controlled locally in heat generation by short-circuiting bridges Download PDF

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Publication number
US3575581A
US3575581A US824975A US3575581DA US3575581A US 3575581 A US3575581 A US 3575581A US 824975 A US824975 A US 824975A US 3575581D A US3575581D A US 3575581DA US 3575581 A US3575581 A US 3575581A
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Prior art keywords
pipe
heat
conductor line
length
ferromagnetic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US824975A
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English (en)
Inventor
Masao Ando
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JNC Corp
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Chisso Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F24H1/105—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance formed by the tube through which the fluid flows

Definitions

  • the heat-generating pipe In a heat-generating pipe comprising a highly ferromagnetic pipe and an insulated conductor line inserted therein and having such a connection that AC flowing through the insulated conductor line is equal in intensity and opposite in direction to the AC flowing concentratedly through the inner wall portion of the pipe due to the skin effect of AC, the heat-generating pipe is characterized in that a certain section of the inner surface of the pipe is brought to short circuit state by a conductor line optionally including a thermostatic or other switch and having an impedance which is selected according to the requirement for decreasing or elimination of heat generation in said section, to control the heat generated in said section.
  • the depth of the skin S(cm) which is an index showing the range of flow of current in a conductor is represented by a following formula
  • an insulated conductor line 1 passes through the inside of a ferromagnetic pipe 3.
  • One end of the conductor line is connected to one terminal of AC source 2 and theother end thereof is connected to one end 4 of the ferromagnetic pipe 3.
  • the other end 5 of the ferromagnetic pipe 3 is connected to the other terminal of the AC source 2 by a conductor line 6.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a heatgenerating pipe in which the above-mentioned drawback is overcome, namely, a heat-generating pipe capable of controlling heat generation in an optional section of the pipe made of a highly ferromagnetic steel or the like.
  • This invention consists in a heat-generating pipe comprising a highly ferromagnetic pipe and an insulated electric line inserted therein and passing therethrough and having such a connection that AC flowing through the insulated conductor line is equal in intensity and opposite in direction to the AC flowing only through the inner wall portion of the pipe due to the skin effect of AC which is characterized in that a section or plural sections of the inner surface of the pipe are brought in short circuit state by a wire or wires having an impedance which varies according to the requirement for decrease or stoppage of heat generation in said section or sections, in order to control the heat generated in said section or sections.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a publicly known heatgenerating pipe utilizing skin effect current, which is given as a reference, to enable persons skilled in the art to understand the principle and the construction of the present apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic, cross-sectional view of a heatgenerating pipe having a short circuit apparatus in a section thereof, according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic, cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • an insulated conductor line I is inserted in and passes through the inside of a ferromagnetic pipe 3
  • One end of the conductor line is connected to one terminal of an AC source 2 and the other end thereof is connected to one end 4 of the ferromagnetic pipe 3.
  • the other end 5 of the ferromagnetic pipe 3 and the AC source are connected by a conductor line 6.
  • Terminals 7 and 8 are provided at both the ends of a section where heat generation is to be stopped, or controlled, and the section between both the terminals is shorted by a conductor line 9 having an impedance much lower than that of the inner surface of the section of the ferromagnetic pipe.
  • the section between both the terminals corresponds to the section between X and Y in FIG. 1.
  • Flanges I0 and 12 and covers 11 and 13 are installed for the convenience of connecting both the ends of the conductor line 9 to the terminals 7 and 8.
  • the current from one terminal of an AC source 2 passes through the insulated conductor line 1 and flows through the inner surface of the ferromagnetic pipe 3 from one end 4 of the ferromagnetic pipe 3 to the terminal 5 while generating heat, but it passes mostly through the conductor line 9 during the part from the terminal 8 to the terminal 7 and flows only through the inner surface of the pipe 3 again from the terminal 7 to the other end 5 of the pipe 3 while generating heat again;
  • the current flowing through the insulated conductor line 1 is almost equal in intensity, and opposite in the direction of flow, to the current flowing through the conductor line 9, and there is hardly any skin current occurred in the section of the pipe between the terminals 8 and 7.
  • heat generation hardly occurs in this part.
  • the intensity of the current flowing through the conductor line 9 becomes smaller than that flowing through the insulated conductor line 1. In this case, some extent of skin current occurs in the section of the ferromagnetic pipe between the terminals 8 and 7, and hence some extent of heat generation occurs there.
  • the heat generation in the short-circuited section of the pipe may be controlled from almost no heat generation to the value attained without such short circuiting.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation in which a switchgear is interposed at a position within the short circuit described above.
  • the short circuit as set forth, is made by shunting the section X-Y by at least one insulated conductor line 9 in the inside of pipe 3, and the conductor line 9 is drawn out from said pipe so as to connect with a switchgear 15 in series.
  • the switch 15 When the switch 15 is open, the shunting effect is eliminated; therefore, heat is generated to the extent of full capacity.
  • the switch 13 is closed, the heat generation will be restrained in the shunted section from generating heat because a greater amount of the current is shunted by the line 9.
  • the control of on-off cycles may be done by an attached thermostat.
  • this invention can be also applied to a circuit other than the above-mentioned ones, for example, such a circuit as described in Japanese Pat. Application No. 20427/1966, entitled Heat-generating Pipe Utilizing Skin Effect Current,
  • the above-mentioned Japanese patent application relates to a heat generating pipe having an arrangement including a primary circuit of an electric conductor line connected to a source of AC supply and inserted within at least one pipe of ferromagnetic metal throughout the entire length thereof in electrically insulated relation from the inner wall portion of said pipe and a secondary circuit consisting of said at least one pipe of ferromagnetic metal and at least one conductor having an impedance as low as possible and connecting the ends of said pipe, the secondary alternating current induced in the secondary circuit by the primary current being concentrated on the inner wall portion of said pipe on account of the skin effect while satisfying the relations expressed by equations (1 and (2).
  • the apparatus of the present invention can be applied with great commercial advantage in various cases.
  • it can be applied to booster pumps, valves or the like installed in the liquid transportation pipe described in Japanese Patent No. 460,224.
  • said additional length of electrical conductor line being shorter than said first length of electrical conductor line and arranged generally parallel to at least a portion of said first length of electrical conductor line
  • said additional length of conductor line being connected to said ferromagnetic pipe at two spaced apart-points whereby the concentrated flow of current along the inner skin of the ferromagnetic pipe is at least partially short circuited along the inner surface thereof between said two spaced apart points to an extent dependent upon the impedance of said additional length of conductor lin. between said two spaced apart points.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
US824975A 1969-05-15 1969-05-15 Heat-generating pipe utilizing skin effect current controlled locally in heat generation by short-circuiting bridges Expired - Lifetime US3575581A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US82497569A 1969-05-15 1969-05-15
GB2486469 1969-05-15
FR6917504A FR2044983A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-05-15 1969-05-29

Publications (1)

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US3575581A true US3575581A (en) 1971-04-20

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US824975A Expired - Lifetime US3575581A (en) 1969-05-15 1969-05-15 Heat-generating pipe utilizing skin effect current controlled locally in heat generation by short-circuiting bridges

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US (1) US3575581A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2044983A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3706872A (en) * 1970-05-15 1972-12-19 William J Trabilcy System for electrically heating fluid-conveying pipe lines and other structures
US3755650A (en) * 1970-11-20 1973-08-28 Chisso Corp Elongated heat-generating apparatus providing for a reduction in the highest voltage to be applied
US4110599A (en) * 1974-11-04 1978-08-29 Chevron Research Company Method and means for decreasing the heat output of a segment of a heat generating pipe
US4132884A (en) * 1976-02-05 1979-01-02 Chevron Research Company Method and means for segmentally reducing heat output in a heat-tracing pipe
US4408117A (en) * 1980-05-28 1983-10-04 Yurkanin Robert M Impedance heating system with skin effect particularly for railroad tank cars
EP0130671A3 (en) * 1983-05-26 1986-12-17 Metcal Inc. Multiple temperature autoregulating heater
US4645906A (en) * 1985-03-04 1987-02-24 Thermon Manufacturing Company Reduced resistance skin effect heat generating system
US10473381B2 (en) 2016-10-05 2019-11-12 Betterfrost Technologies Inc. High-frequency self-defrosting evaporator coil

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1964732A (en) * 1930-03-21 1934-07-03 Kirk William J Dilator
US2225354A (en) * 1936-11-12 1940-12-17 Koppers Co Inc Process and apparatus for the manufacture of carbon black
GB866096A (en) * 1956-08-01 1961-04-26 Edward James Williams Improvements in and relating to electrical heating systems for dwelling houses, factories or other buildings
US3293407A (en) * 1962-11-17 1966-12-20 Chisso Corp Apparatus for maintaining liquid being transported in a pipe line at an elevated temperature
US3377463A (en) * 1965-06-21 1968-04-09 Trans Continental Electronics Prefabricated electric resistance pipe heating system

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH386586A (de) * 1959-11-03 1965-01-15 Z Elektrotepelnych Zarizeni Ze Einrichtung zum induktiven Heizen an einem Stahlband, insbesondere für Wehre und Talsperren
FR1546486A (fr) * 1966-04-05 1968-11-22 Chisso Corp Perfectionnements aux conduits générateurs de chaleur
FR1568234A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1967-03-22 1969-05-23
NL144119B (nl) * 1967-03-30 1974-11-15 Chisso Corp Lange pijpleiding voor vloeistof met een verwarmingsinrichting.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1964732A (en) * 1930-03-21 1934-07-03 Kirk William J Dilator
US2225354A (en) * 1936-11-12 1940-12-17 Koppers Co Inc Process and apparatus for the manufacture of carbon black
GB866096A (en) * 1956-08-01 1961-04-26 Edward James Williams Improvements in and relating to electrical heating systems for dwelling houses, factories or other buildings
US3293407A (en) * 1962-11-17 1966-12-20 Chisso Corp Apparatus for maintaining liquid being transported in a pipe line at an elevated temperature
US3377463A (en) * 1965-06-21 1968-04-09 Trans Continental Electronics Prefabricated electric resistance pipe heating system

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3706872A (en) * 1970-05-15 1972-12-19 William J Trabilcy System for electrically heating fluid-conveying pipe lines and other structures
US3755650A (en) * 1970-11-20 1973-08-28 Chisso Corp Elongated heat-generating apparatus providing for a reduction in the highest voltage to be applied
US4110599A (en) * 1974-11-04 1978-08-29 Chevron Research Company Method and means for decreasing the heat output of a segment of a heat generating pipe
US4132884A (en) * 1976-02-05 1979-01-02 Chevron Research Company Method and means for segmentally reducing heat output in a heat-tracing pipe
US4142093A (en) * 1976-02-05 1979-02-27 Chevron Research Company Method and means for segmentally reducing heat output in a heat-tracing pipe
US4408117A (en) * 1980-05-28 1983-10-04 Yurkanin Robert M Impedance heating system with skin effect particularly for railroad tank cars
EP0130671A3 (en) * 1983-05-26 1986-12-17 Metcal Inc. Multiple temperature autoregulating heater
US4645906A (en) * 1985-03-04 1987-02-24 Thermon Manufacturing Company Reduced resistance skin effect heat generating system
US10473381B2 (en) 2016-10-05 2019-11-12 Betterfrost Technologies Inc. High-frequency self-defrosting evaporator coil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2044983A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-02-26

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