Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated

Definitions

• Synthetic latex compositions comprising a polymer of a styrene monomer, a conjugated diolefin and an unsaturated acid or amide and from about 0.5 to about 10.0%, by weight, of various cyclohexyl sulfosuccinates, are disclosed.
• the latex properties of such modified butadiene-styrene systems which should be maintained at an optimum include particle size, coagulum level, mechanical stability, shelf stability, pigment acceptability, compatibility with various post-additives, foaming, viscosity and thixotrophy. Equally as important, are the properties of the films which are produced from said modified styrene-butadiene latices, said properties including adhesion, water resistance, clarity, uniformity and tack. While numerous compositions have been developed which satisfy one or more of the foregoing requirements in the latex and in the film produced therefrom, various deficiencies still exist in several of the properties so as to prevent the utilization of the latex or film for a plurality of particular service applications.
• the latex should have high surface tension.
• the films produced therefrom should have excellent Water spot and wet rub resistance.
• the mechanical stability of a polymer latex is a direct consequence of the control of the particle size of the polymerized materials therein. That is to say, too large a particle size will retard emulsion polymerization and too small a particle size will result in poor mechanical stability. Therefore, the above-mentioned balance of properties is more readily obtained during the polymerization of the monomers involved than by some subsequent mechanical or chemical modification of the polymerized material.
• novel latex systems of the present invention can therefore be utilized for such applications as water-insensitive adhesives, water-resistant paper coatings, improved rug backing adhesives and improved textile coatings where high penetration of the latex into the textile, rug backing or other substrate is not desired and, even more importantly, cannot be tolerated.
• X is a hydrogen or a salt forming radical
• n and m are, individually, whole positive integers of 03, inclusive
• R and R are, individually, hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1-3 carbon atoms, inclusive.
• the salt forming radical X which is not hydrogen includes any of the common monovalent cations. These include alkali metal cations, for example sodium, potassium and the like as well as ammonium, substituted ammonium, and quater' nary ammonium cations. Among the substituted ammonium cations may be included methyl, dimethyl, trimethyl, tetramethyl, and other alkyl ammonium cations.
• Quaternary ammonium cations include the dialkyl piperidinium cations etc. and cations derived from amines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof or other alkyl amines etc.
• sulfosuccinates as Well as methods for their preparation, are Well known in the art as evidenced by U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,176,423, 2,414,015, 2,414,016 etc. which patents are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
• the above represented sulfosuccinates can be prepared by first, reacting the appropriate cyclohexyl alcohol (or mixture of alcohols) with maleic anhydride, and then sulfonating the soformed product under conditions disclosed in the abovementioned patents. By the use of a mixture of alcohols, mixed esters of the sulfosuccinate can be produced.
• the monomers which are polymerized according to the instant invention in the presence of the above-described emulsifying agents, as indicated above, comprise a mixture of a styrene and a conjugated diolefin and an unsaturated acid or amide.
• the styrene and conjugated diolefin are utilized in amounts ranging from about 70% to about 30% of the styrene and, correspondingly, from about 30% to about 70% of the conjugated diolefin.
• the unsaturated acid or amide should be present in the monomer mixture in amounts ranging from about 0.5 to about 10.0%, by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers, the total weight of all the monomers, of course, equaling 100%.
• useful styrene monomers include styrene per se, a-methyl styrene, ar-alkyl and ar-dialkyl styrenes, halogenated styrenes such as a-chloro styrene and the like.
• useful conjugated diolefins include 1,3-butadiene isoprene and the like.
• unsaturated acids and amides may be included acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, ethyl acid maleate, salts of such acids, mixtures thereof, acrylamide, methacrylamide, mixtures thereof and the like.
• acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, ethyl acid maleate, salts of such acids, mixtures thereof, acrylamide, methacrylamide, mixtures thereof and the like For a disclosure of polymers of this type, see US. 3,338,858, which patent is lhereby incorporated herein by reference.
• any emulsion polymerization procedure employed in the art may be utilized.
• batch, semi-continuous, or delayed monomer addition techniques may be employed wherein the monomers may be added separately, in admixture or in a pre-emulsified state as is known to those skilled in the art.
• the proportion of emulsifier utilized in our novel process ranges from about 0.5% to about 10.0%, preferably from about 2.0% to about 7.0%, by weight, based on the weight of the monomers used during the reaction.
• the emulsifier may be utilized in smaller amounts i.e. amounts sufficient to conduct the polymerization under art-recognized conditions to produce a product, the properties of which can be further enhanced by post-addition of further emulsifier to bring the final concentration in the product to that range specified above according to the instant invention or, more preferably, the polymerization can be conducted utilizing an amount of emulsifier within the above range at the outset.
• the pHat which the polymerization is carried out is variable, i.e., the solution may be either neutral, slightly alkaline, or slightly acidic depending upon the particular monomers 'being polymerized or copolymerized as is recognized in the art.
• the temperature of the emulsion polymerization is widely variable and may range from about C. to 175 C. or more.
• the polymerization reaction will be carried out at from about room temperature, 25 C. to about 100 C.
• Polymerization is effected in the normal manner in the presence of catalytic amounts, e.g., 0.01% to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer, of a water-soluble polymerization agent such as the wellknown free-radical catalysts.
• a water-soluble polymerization agent such as the wellknown free-radical catalysts.
• catalysts may be mentioned peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, persalts such as ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, potassium perborate, and the like.
• any of the other conventional regulators, stabilizers, activators, supplemental agents etc. conventionally employed in emulsion polymerization procedures can be used in the process of the invention.
• the stabilizers are the so-called protective colloids such as gelatin, casein, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, and the like.
• the regulators include such compounds as diisopropyl xanthate, the higher mercaptans such as benzyl mercaptan, octyl mercaptan, decyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, cetyl mercaptan, octadecyl mercaptan, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dichloride,
• hexachloroethylene C to C aliphatic alcohols, and the like and electrolytes such as tetrasodium pyrophosphate etc.
• The-latices of the instant invention can be utilized as such or they may be modified by the addition thereto of any known additive such as calcium carbonate, etc. in amounts sufficient to satisfy the requirements for most industrial applications.
• EXAMPLE 1 To a suitable reaction vessel, chilled in an ice bath are added, as deionized water solutions, 10 parts of a 25% methacrylic acid soluion, 21 parts of a 3% solution, 13 parts of a 2% tetrasodium pyrophosphate solution and 75 parts of a 5% bis(cyclohexyl) S-sodium sulfosuccinate solution. 62 parts of styrene are then added and the vessel is purged with nitrogen, sealed and chilled in an ice bath. Into the vessel is then charged 60 parts of butadiene and 0.5 part of t-dodecyl mercaptan.
• the vessel is secured in a Launder-Ometer and the temperature of the bath is raised to 57 C.
• the polymerization is conducted over a 20-hour period with vigorous agitation. After the polymerization is terminated, the vessel is cooled and vented and the resultant latex is recovered.
• Table I The properties thereof are set forth in Table I below.
• Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 is again conducted except that 5 parts of a 25% acrylamide solution are substituted for the methacrylic acid and 62 parts of the 5% sodium sulfosuccinate solution are utilized.
• the properties of the resultant latex are set forth in Table I, below.
• Example 2 Cpatgugumz percent (based on total 0.01 to 0.10--.. 0.
• the latex films were produced by casting the latex on glass with a 5 mil Bird applicator and drying for 2 hours at room temperature and humidity.
• the film was contacted with a small pool of deionized water which was allowed to remain thereon for 5 minutes at room temperature. The film under the pool of water was then rubbed lightly with the finger and examined for re-emulsification or lifting of the film from the glass. In this test, a rating of poor was given to a film which could not withstand l0 rubs before failure.
• a rating of fair was given a film which could withstand to 20 rubs before failure.
• a film derived from a commercially available latex failed the above wet rub test by delamination after two rubs.
• A Bis(2methyl cyclohexyl) S-sodium sulfosuccinate
• B Bis(4-methyl cyclohexyl) S-sodium sulfosuccinate
• C Bis(cyclohexylethyl) S-sodium sulfosuccinate
• EXAMPLE 6 A styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid (50/48/2) monomer mixture with bis(4-ethyl cyclohexyl) S-sodium sulfosuccinate.
• EXAMPLE 7 A styrene-butadiene-itaconic acid (49/48/3) monomer mixture with bis(4-isopropyl cyclohexyl) S-potassium sulfosuccinate.
• EXAMPLE 8 A styrene-butadiene-maleic acid (50/ 47/ 3) monomer mixture with bis(cyclohexyl) S-ammonium sulfosuccinate.
• EXAMPLE 9* A styrene-butadiene-methacrylamide (50/49/ 1) monomer mixture with l-cyclohexyl 4-(2-methyl cy-clohexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate.
• EXAMPLE 10 An a-methyl styrene-butadiene-methacrylic acid (50/ 40/10) monomer mixture with a 50/50 mixture of the succinates of Examples 1 and 4.
• EXAMPLE 11 wherein X is a hydrogen or a salt forming radical, m is a whole, positive integer of 03, inclusive, and R and R are, individually, hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1-3 carbon atoms, inclusive, said composition having been produced by polymerizing said monomers in the presence of said emulsifier, water and an initiator.
• composition according to claim 1 wherein said styrene monomer is styrene.
• composition according to claim 1 wherein said conjugated diolefin is butadiene.
• composition according to claim 1 wherein said unsaturated acid is methacrylic acid.
• composition according to claim 1 wherein said styrene monomer is styrene, said conjugated diolefin is butadiene and said unsaturated acid is methacrylic acid.
• composition according to claim 1 wherein said unsaturated amide is acrylamide.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said emulsifier is bis(cyclohexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate.
• a polymerization process for the production of the composition of claim 1 which comprises polymerizing, in an aqueous medium, a mixture consisting essentially of a styrene, a conjugated diolefin, an unsaturated acid or amide, and from about 0.5 to about 10.0% by weight, based on the total weight of said styrene, diolefin and acid or amide, of an emulsifier having the formula:
• X is hydrogen or a salt forming radical, in is a Whole, positive integer of 0-3, inclusive, and R and R are, individually, hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1-3 carbon atoms, inclusive.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
• Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=24781741

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (4)

• 1967
  • 1967-12-22 US US692721A patent/US3574159A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1968
  • 1968-11-22 GB GB1231426D patent/GB1231426A/en not_active Expired
  • 1968-12-10 FR FR1597763D patent/FR1597763A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1968-12-20 NL NL6818432A patent/NL6818432A/xx unknown
  • 1968-12-23 DE DE19681816793 patent/DE1816793A1/de active Pending

Also Published As

Similar Documents