US3567193A - Cap or bell for bubble-cap plate or tray columns - Google Patents

Cap or bell for bubble-cap plate or tray columns Download PDF

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Publication number
US3567193A
US3567193A US776444A US3567193DA US3567193A US 3567193 A US3567193 A US 3567193A US 776444 A US776444 A US 776444A US 3567193D A US3567193D A US 3567193DA US 3567193 A US3567193 A US 3567193A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bell
chimney
tray
cap
rim
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US776444A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Diery
Walfried Witter
Joachim Lenich
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
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Publication of US3567193A publication Critical patent/US3567193A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/16—Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
    • B01D3/18—Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid with horizontal bubble plates
    • B01D3/20—Bubble caps; Risers for vapour; Discharge pipes for liquid
    • B01D3/205—Bubble caps

Definitions

  • FIG. 7 CAP OR BELL FOR BUBBLE-CAP PLATE OR TRAY COLUMNS Filed Nov. 18, 1968 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 5 FIG. 7
  • Our present invention relates to a bell or cap for multi-stage tray or plate columns for the intimate mutual contact of a gas and a liquid, especially for gas-washing columns, for distillation columns and for heat-exchange columns of the type used in gas (especially air) rectification in accordance with, for example, the Linde-Frankl low-temperature air-rectification system adapted to recover nitrogen and oxygen from air.
  • the stages generally are constituted by vertically spaced generally horizontal trays on which the liquid layer is maintained by weirs or the like rising above the upper horizontal surface of the tray. It may be noted also that such trays are referred to variously as stages, as plates and as bottoms, in addition to the usual descriptive designation as trays.
  • each gas chamber which opens upwardly into the next higher chamber via one or more passages in the tray.
  • One prior-art-type of tray of this general character is the so-called bubble-cap tray which is formed with a multiplicity of openings establishing communication between the gas chambers on opposite sides of each tray.
  • each opening is overhung by a downwardly concave and generally upwardly convex bell or cap which acts to deflect the gases rising through the corresponding opening downwardly and outwardly into intimate contact with the liquid layer.
  • bubbling of the gas through the liquid occurs.
  • the member is generally referred to either as a cap or as a bell.
  • the bell or cap serves to partially enclose a gas compartment above the surface of the respec- 3,56'Ll93 Patented Mar. 2, 1971 tive tray which is in communication with the next-lower gas chamber through the opening.
  • Another object of our invention is the provision of a bubble-cap structure for a multistage gas rectification, washing 0r distillation column which has a high flow crosssection, low pressure drop and a substantially better resistance to contamination and blockage by contaminants than earlier systems.
  • a further object of the instant invention is the provision of an improved flat bell or cap for a bubble-cap tray which is of low cost and can be mounted on the tray or bottom with relatively small labor cost.
  • Still another object of our invention is the provision of a bubble-cap structure of flat configuration but which can be quickly, inexpensively and easily mounted upon the bubble-cap tray.
  • a rectification column for the low-temperature separation of the components of a fluid in accordance with its boiling point, a column for the washing of gases with liquid or a distillation column is provided with a stack of vertically spaced trays of the bubble-cap type, the trays being provided with respective discharge weirs over which the liquid passes from one tray to the next-lower tray but maintains a liquid layer on the trays.
  • a rising stream of gas, introduced into the column or formed in situ therein, passes upwardly through the trays which are provided with respective openings interconnecting the gas chamber above each tray with the gas chamber therebelow, the
  • the bell, hood or cap is downwardly concave and of flattened crosssection with, however, a circular configuration in plan view, the downwardly turned rim or edge of the bell being unbroken.
  • a key characteristic of this invention resides in our discovery that a wide load or capacity range with high gas/ liquid contact efliciency can be obtained without the danger of obstruction by contaminants when the upper edge of the an upwardly rising generally cylindrical chimney or annular weir surrounding the opening and converging upwardly and inwardly from the border of this opening, has its upper edge below the lower edge or rim of the bell-shaped cap. "Such a system avoids the need for slotting the bell or scalloping the cap.
  • the outlet cross-section of the bell can be considered to be the imaginary right-circular cylinder defined between the downwardly turned outer rim of the bell and the surface of the tray juxtaposed therewith, thi cross-section (f being, of course, equal to the product of the altitude (11 of the rim and the circumference C of the outer rim of the bell.
  • This circumference C is, of course, equal to 21rR where R is the radius of this rim.
  • this outlet cross-section of each bell should be approximately equal to the flow cross-section provided between the chimney and the outlet cross-section, the latter cross-section (f being the area of the imaginary right-circular cylinder with vertical axis defined above the upper edge or rim of the chimney and having an altitude (I2 equal to the vertical distance between the upper edge of the chimney and the bell; the crosssection can then be considered the product of the altitude I1 and the circumference c of the chimney, this circumference being, of course, equal to 21rr where r is the radius of the chimney.
  • the upper edge of the chimney from which the gases of a lower chamber emerge into the bell compartment of one of the bell caps is so low or of such reduced height as to lie below the upper edge of the discharge weir of the tray.
  • the high turbulence generated at the outlet of the bubble cap thus precludes liquid from passing through the chimneys onto the next-lower trays and confines such movement to a flow over the weirs.
  • the chimney lies above the openings cut into the tray and constituted by a drawn, pressed or stamped sheet metal plate affixed to the upper surface of the tray.
  • the chimneys are inwardly and upwardly convergent with a Laval-nozzle configuration, the inlet side of the chimney being rounded. Such rounding at the inlet or wider side of the chimney has been found to further reduce pressure drop .as the gases traverse the bells.
  • the openings for the chimneys can be punched from sheet metal while the marginal portions-thereof are pressed transversely to the plane of the sheet to simultaneously form the upwardly converging funnel configuration of the chimney and produce the rounded inlet side in a single step.
  • transverse cross-section f is defined then as the flow cross-section at which the rising air stream is deflected outwardly by the bell and may be considered in terms of the relationship:
  • the inlet flow cross-section to the bell is defined as f and corresponds to the inner cross-section of the chimney at its upper edge:
  • the bell-shaped hood of this invention is secured to the tray via a chimney plate which, surrounding the chimney and the tray opening registering therewith, is formed with a flange lying parallel to the tray and surrounding this opening.
  • a pluality of angularly equispaced upstanding tongues (preferably three), which advantageously are perpendicular to the flange and to the tray, interconnect the rim of the bell with the flange outwardly of the chimney structure itself.
  • the tongues may be unitarily integral with the chimney plate and can be bent upwardly from the flange in the same operation in which the chimney is stamped therefrom, the tongues being welded to the rim of the 'bell.
  • the tongues may be formed unitarily integral with the bell and can project downwardly beyond the plane of the continuous rim thereof to engage the chimney plate.
  • the flange of the chimney plate can be provided with a plurality of angularly equispaced holes for facilitating attachment of the chimney plate to the tray with rivets, bolts or by welding.
  • spot-welding may be used to attach the chimney structure to the tray.
  • the lug-and-pocket structure has an important'advantage in that the tongues can be deflected radially inwardly to release the bell and permit cleaning of the assembly when such is necessary.
  • dismounting of the bell with the relationship of the cross-sections and positions of the edges of the bell and the chimney presented above can be carried out easily.
  • the pocket and lug arrangement eliminates the need for welding of the bell to the chimney structure and thus allows the assembly to be made from materials which are normally difficult to weld, e.g. aluminum.
  • This construction also decreases the assembly costs, permits removal and replacement of the bells, allows storage of the trays without the bells, facilitates transportation of columns and their components and, because it allows aluminum or aluminum alloys to be used, enables the system to be made with less weight.
  • the bell portions are interchangeable and replaceable so that they may be disregarded in the event of contamination or corrosion.
  • the tongues preferably are highly elastic so that they spring into the respective pockets, and can be deflected therefrom by hand and without special tools. It may be noted that synthetic resins as well as light-weight stainless steels and springy aluminum sheets may be used for this purpose.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view, taken in a vertical plane, through a bell assembly according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the blank for forming the chimney prior to welding the bell thereto and with one of the support tongues of the bell shown in its position prior to upward bending while the other support tongues have been bent upwardly;
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view through the assembly taken along the line III-III of FIG. 2 but with the bell in place;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view, partly broken away of the assembly of FIGS. 1-3;
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 wherein, however, the bell is mounted upon the chimney plate without weld-
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of one of the support tongues of the bell;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view along the line VII- VII of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary plan view, drawn to a reduced scale of a bubble-cap tray according to this invention provided with a number of bubble-cap assemblies according to the present invention.
  • a bubble-cap assembly K a number of which may be formed on a tray 5 as shown in FIG. 8, comprises a chimney plate 1 overlying the upper surface 5a of the tray 5 which is formed with an opening 5b through which the gases may pass from a lower chamber represented at M to an upper chamber N of the stack of the trays forming the distillation, rectification or washing column.
  • the plate 1 comprises an annular horizontal flange 1a which overlies the surface 5a and frames the opening 5b while being formed with an upwardly and inwardly converging funnel-shaped chimney 2 in the form of a Lavaltype nozzle by stamping, drawing or some other sheetforming process. Rivets, bolts or welds may be used via three angularly spaced openings 4 in the flange 1a to affix the plate 1 to the tray 5.
  • the rivet 10 shown in FIG. 3 represents the fastening means.
  • the inlet portion 11 of the chimney 2 has a diameter which is identical with the diameter of the opening 5b and registers prefectly with the latter. From this diameter 11, the chimney 2 is rounded inwardly through a quarter-round to the throat 12 of this chimney.
  • the throat 12 has the approximate radius r and effective flow cross-section as respresented at f1.
  • the plane P of the rim 7c of bell 7 is disposed above the plate 11 at the upper edge of the chimney 2 so that this upper edge is offset downwardly below the edge 70 of the bell.
  • the height k of the chimney 2 is less than the altitude I1 of the rim 7c of the bell.
  • Equations 58 (above) apply and, as a result a second gas flow occurs along the top or rim 12 of the chimney 2 (arrows B) to intersect the gas flow A at right angles and produce a high turbulence mixture of gas and liquid as represented by the arrows T.
  • the liquid layer on trays 5 may reach the height of the weir W which, it will be seen, is above the rim 12 of the chimney.
  • the stamping operation which forms the chimney plate 1 can punch generally wedge-shaped cutouts from opposite sides of tongue 3 which is bent upwardly at right angles to the flange 1a (FIGS. 3 and 4) and are welded at 3a to the rim 7c of the bell.
  • FIGS. 57 we have shown a somewhat different system for supporting the bell 107 on the chimney plate 101 the flange of which is represented at 101a.
  • Three angulary equispaced pockets 1010 are formed in the flange 101a to receive feet 1031) of downwardly extending tongues 103a of the bell 107.
  • the chimney of the device is shown at 102 to have a rounded inlet side 106.
  • a slot 101b transverse to the pocket 101a receives the radially extending feet 1031) while shoulders 1030 bear against the surface of flange 101a on opposite sides of this slot.
  • the feet 1031) are bent at right angles to the tongues and can be deflected rearwardly (dot-dash line in FIG.
  • a bell assembly for a bubble-cap tray of a gas-washing, distillation or rectification column or the like comprising a chimney mounted on a tray and registering with an opening provided therein for transfer of gas between a chamber below said tray and a chamber thereabove; and a downwardly concave bell above said chimney and radially overhanging same, the upper rim of said chimney lying below the lower rim of said bell, said chimney having a flow cross section f at said rim, said bell and said rim defining an intermediate flow cross section f between said rim and said bell along an imaginary right circular cylinder between said rim and said bell, said lower rim of said bell and said right circular cylinder defining in a horizontal plane an annular flow cross section f and said lower rim of said bell defining along a right circular cylinder extending from said lower rim to a surface juxtaposed therewith a discharge flow cross section f said flow cross sections f f f and )2; being in the following relationship:
  • a bell assembly for a bubble-cap tray of a gas- Washing, distillation or rectification column or the like comprising a chimney mounted on a tray and registering with an opening provided therein for transfer of gas between a chamber below said tray and a chamber thereabove; a downwardly concave bell above said chimney and radially overhanging same, the upper rim of said chimney lying below the lower rim of said bell, said chimney being unitarily pressed from a chimney plate and provided with an outwardly extending flange parallel to said tray and aflixed thereto; and a plurality of angularly equispaced tongues outwardly of said chimney and connecting said bell with said flange.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
US776444A 1967-11-17 1968-11-18 Cap or bell for bubble-cap plate or tray columns Expired - Lifetime US3567193A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEL0057897 1967-11-17
DE19681769917 DE1769917B2 (de) 1967-11-17 1968-08-05 Glocke fuer boeden in stoffaustauschkolonnen

Publications (1)

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US3567193A true US3567193A (en) 1971-03-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US776444A Expired - Lifetime US3567193A (en) 1967-11-17 1968-11-18 Cap or bell for bubble-cap plate or tray columns

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3567193A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5410545B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (3) AT291199B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE723510A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE1769917B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1586068A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1211783A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL162308C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4698138A (en) * 1985-05-29 1987-10-06 Mobil Oil Corporation De-entrainment chimney and method of operation
US5261447A (en) * 1992-11-25 1993-11-16 Fred Knapp Engraving Co., Inc. Pneumatic regulating valve
RU2481876C1 (ru) * 2011-12-07 2013-05-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Инженерно-внедренческий центр "ИНЖЕХИМ" Контактный элемент колпачковой тарелки
US20130125751A1 (en) * 2011-11-22 2013-05-23 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Column
CN104014153A (zh) * 2014-06-17 2014-09-03 南京德邦金属装备工程股份有限公司 一种微孔阀

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012011329A1 (de) * 2012-06-06 2013-12-12 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Waschkolonne und Verfahren zum Waschen eines Rohgases

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4698138A (en) * 1985-05-29 1987-10-06 Mobil Oil Corporation De-entrainment chimney and method of operation
US5261447A (en) * 1992-11-25 1993-11-16 Fred Knapp Engraving Co., Inc. Pneumatic regulating valve
US20130125751A1 (en) * 2011-11-22 2013-05-23 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Column
US9700831B2 (en) * 2011-11-22 2017-07-11 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Column
RU2481876C1 (ru) * 2011-12-07 2013-05-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Инженерно-внедренческий центр "ИНЖЕХИМ" Контактный элемент колпачковой тарелки
CN104014153A (zh) * 2014-06-17 2014-09-03 南京德邦金属装备工程股份有限公司 一种微孔阀
CN104014153B (zh) * 2014-06-17 2016-02-24 南京德邦金属装备工程股份有限公司 一种微孔阀

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT291199B (de) 1971-07-12
AT300732B (de) 1972-08-10
DE1769917A1 (de) 1971-08-05
DE1619719A1 (de) 1970-03-26
NL162308C (nl) 1980-05-16
DE1619719B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-30
DE1769917B2 (de) 1977-02-24
NL6815375A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-05-20
GB1211783A (en) 1970-11-11
BE723510A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-04-16
NL162308B (nl) 1979-12-17
JPS5410545B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-05-08
DE1619719C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-09-04
FR1586068A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-02-06
AT303685B (de) 1972-12-11

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