US3559961A - Apparatus and method for the production of dental mixtures poor in porosity - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for the production of dental mixtures poor in porosity Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3559961A US3559961A US753178A US3559961DA US3559961A US 3559961 A US3559961 A US 3559961A US 753178 A US753178 A US 753178A US 3559961D A US3559961D A US 3559961DA US 3559961 A US3559961 A US 3559961A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- production
- dental
- liquid mercury
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C5/00—Filling or capping teeth
- A61C5/60—Devices specially adapted for pressing or mixing capping or filling materials, e.g. amalgam presses
- A61C5/68—Mixing dental material components for immediate application to a site to be restored, e.g. a tooth cavity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/70—Mixers specially adapted for working at sub- or super-atmospheric pressure, e.g. combined with de-foaming
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
- A61C19/007—Dust removing devices on working places in dental laboratories, e.g. working by suction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S366/00—Agitating
- Y10S366/602—Amalgam mixer, e.g. dental filling
Definitions
- the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the production of dental mixtures from a pulverous material and a material in a liquid state, for example a so-called alloy" and mercury respectively for the production of amalgam, and pulverous materials and materials in a liquid state for the production of various dental cements.
- the dental amalgams used by the dentists today are produced according to international specifications and standard prescriptions.
- the basic materials of amalgam are file dust of a silver alloy and other metals, so-called alloys, and chemically clean mercury. These two components are mixed by the dentist either through manual mixing in a mortar by means of a pestle or as is more and more usual in a capsule by means of electrically driven shaker apparatuses, so-called amalgamators, which capsule consists of two dismountable halves and in which prescribed amounts of an alloy and mercury are inserted.
- the temporarily plastic compound obtained after the mixing is then packed under pressure a portion at a time in the bored up cavity of a tooth so that excess mercury is removed and an amalgam as homogeneous as possible which fills out all parts of the cavity is obtained in the cavity as a final product.
- the object of the present invention is to produce mixtures for tooth stopping such as amalgam mixtures and different cements which are essentially poorer in air and thus in porosities that the hitherto used mixtures of this kind.
- the object according to the invention is reached by means of an apparatus and a method, wherein the two materials to be mixed in pulverous and liquid states respectively, i.e. especially socalled alloys and mercury respectively, are placed in a chamber which is evacuated down to the lowest practically available value by means of a pump connected to the chamber, so that the powder is substantially removed from air and the two materials are not until then mixed together in the evacuated chamber, preferably by shaking the chamber or by means of a spatula inserted in an airtight manner through the wall of the chamber.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a chamber in the form of a capsule having an output to a vacuum pump, which chamber is in tended to be attached to a shaker apparatus or a so-called amalgamator.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically a chamber having a transparent cover with a spatula inserted airtightly through a diaphragm in the wall of the chamber.
- the capsule shown in FIG. 1 consists of two parts 1, 2, and has an output 3 to a vacuum pump (not shown) in part 1.
- a vacuum pump (not shown) in part 1.
- the alloy and mercury are inserted into it by screwing off the cover or part 1.
- the cover 1 is put on again and the capsule is attached to the shaker apparatus, whereupon the output 3 is connected e.g. by means of a flexible tube to a vacuum pump.
- the pump is started and when the pressure in the capsule can be read by means of a pertaining pressure gauge (not shown) to e.g. a few mm.
- the shaking is started for example with a frequency of about 3,000 cycles per minute, the pump being operating during the whole shaking or mixing operation.
- the shaker apparatus After a suitable time, which is determined empirically, the shaker apparatus is stopped, air is let into the capsule and the same is removed from the shaker apparatus. Then the tube to the air pump is disengaged from the output 3 and the cover 1 is screwed ofi, whereupon the amalgam mixture is withdrawn and is ready for use.
- the chamber according to FIG. 2 consists of a bottom part 4 and a plexiglass cover 5.
- the wall of the plexiglass cover comprises an airtightly connected diaphragm 6 through which is airtightly inserted a spatula 7 for stirring the mixture components consisting of e.g. different dental cements such as phosphate cement, silicate cement, zinc oxide-eugenol cement etc. and lying on a glass plate 8.
- the cover has an output 9 to a vacuum pump (not shown).
- the chamber is first evacuated to a suitable pressure, e.g. a few mm. Hg, after the pulverous and liquid components to be mixed have been put upon the glass plate 8.
- the materials are thereafter mixed by means of the spatula 7 while the pump is operating.
- the cover is removed and the prepared mixture can be removed.
- Apparatus for the production of dental mixtures from a pulverous material and a material in a liquid state which apparatus comprises a chamber for the pulverous and liquid materials respectively, wherein the chamber has an output which is connectable to a vacuum pump for evacuation of the chamber before the mixing of the materials is started, said chamber being provided with or being connectable to means for carrying through the mixing, and wherein said chamber consists of a bottom part with a detachable transparent cover and comprises a plate for introduction of the two materials before the evacuation, a spatula being airtightly inserted into said chamber through an airtightly closing diaphragm in the cover for mixing the two materials after evacuation of air from said chamber.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
Abstract
Apparatus and method for production of dental mixtures poor in porosity from a pulverous material and a material in a liquid state. The two materials are inserted in a chamber which is evacuated by means of a vacuum pump so that the pulverous material is substantially removed from air. The mixing is then performed under vacuum by shaking the chamber or by inserting a spatula in an airtight manner through the wall of the chamber. The vacuum pump is thereafter disengaged from the chamber and the mixture is ready for use.
Description
United States Patent [72] Inventor Gunnar Bergendal [56] References Cited Bergslagsvagen 268, Bromma, near n STATES PATENTS Smckhmm, Swede 1,490,214 4/1924 Johnson 259 75 1 PP 753,178 2,453,914 11/1948 Hollenback 259/8 ggf Q's- 2,696,022 12 1954 Steinbeck. 259/8 9 Priority g 1967 3,250,518 5/1966 Rossem 259/8 [33] Sweden Primary Examiner-Robert W. Jenkins 3 1 1 11947/67 Attorney-Bauer & Goodman APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE :IEZEZISCT: Apparatus and method flor production of dental PRODUCTION OF DENTAL MIXTURES POOR IN a T l a matenal m a liquid state. The two materials are mserted 1n a PORQSITY chamber which is evacuated by means of a vacuum pump so 4 Chums 2 Drawmg Flgs that the pulverous material is substantially removed from air. [52] U.S. Cl 259/72, The mixing is then performed under vacuum by shaking the 259/99 chamber or by inserting a spatula in an airtight manner [51] Int. Cl B0lf 11/00 through the wall of the chamber. The vacuum pump is [50] Field of Search 259/72, 8, thereafter disengaged from the chamber and the mixture is ready for use.
PATENTED FEB 2197! F/gl APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DENTAL MIXTURES POOR IN POROSITY The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the production of dental mixtures from a pulverous material and a material in a liquid state, for example a so-called alloy" and mercury respectively for the production of amalgam, and pulverous materials and materials in a liquid state for the production of various dental cements.
The dental amalgams used by the dentists today are produced according to international specifications and standard prescriptions. The basic materials of amalgam are file dust of a silver alloy and other metals, so-called alloys, and chemically clean mercury. These two components are mixed by the dentist either through manual mixing in a mortar by means of a pestle or as is more and more usual in a capsule by means of electrically driven shaker apparatuses, so-called amalgamators, which capsule consists of two dismountable halves and in which prescribed amounts of an alloy and mercury are inserted.
The temporarily plastic compound obtained after the mixing is then packed under pressure a portion at a time in the bored up cavity of a tooth so that excess mercury is removed and an amalgam as homogeneous as possible which fills out all parts of the cavity is obtained in the cavity as a final product.
However, said stoppings according to all available literature throughout show an undesirable richness in porosity, although this may vary somewhat according to different stopping methods. in the special literature said porosities seem up till now to have been accepted simply as a necessary evil. This is e.g. clear from the article Die Porositaet unserer Amalgamfuellungen" by P. Schoch and O. Loebich, published in Deutsche Zahnaerztliche Zeitschrift" of May 15, 1955. Especially in page 789, the last two paragraphs it is stated that Diese Poren lassen sich auf keine Weise vermeiden and Ein Weg zur Beseitigung dieser Porositaet ist noch nicht gefun den.
It is true that the porosities have been described in detail from different aspects but it has not been possible fully to explain their origin in an acceptable manner. The descriptions of, the locations and of the size of the porosities have been made a gauge of the effectivity and suitability of different stopping methods.
The test performed in connection with the invention have confirmed the hypothesis that air is mixed into the amalgam already at the trituration which obviously has previously been completely overlooked. This occurs in the shaking in a capsule as well as in the mixing in a mortar.
It is certainly known that air bubbles in mixtures can be removed by vibration and/or by inserting the prepared mixture in a vacuum. On account of the high surface tension and tenacity of the amalgam compound and of other cements intended for toothstopping this however, cannot be done with said mixtures. Moreover amalgam is very sensitive to overworking.
The object of the present invention is to produce mixtures for tooth stopping such as amalgam mixtures and different cements which are essentially poorer in air and thus in porosities that the hitherto used mixtures of this kind.
The object according to the invention is reached by means of an apparatus and a method, wherein the two materials to be mixed in pulverous and liquid states respectively, i.e. especially socalled alloys and mercury respectively, are placed in a chamber which is evacuated down to the lowest practically available value by means of a pump connected to the chamber, so that the powder is substantially removed from air and the two materials are not until then mixed together in the evacuated chamber, preferably by shaking the chamber or by means of a spatula inserted in an airtight manner through the wall of the chamber.
Other objects, advantages and features of this invention will become apparent when the following description is taken in confirmation with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows schematically a chamber in the form of a capsule having an output to a vacuum pump, which chamber is in tended to be attached to a shaker apparatus or a so-called amalgamator.
FIG. 2 shows schematically a chamber having a transparent cover with a spatula inserted airtightly through a diaphragm in the wall of the chamber.
The capsule shown in FIG. 1 consists of two parts 1, 2, and has an output 3 to a vacuum pump (not shown) in part 1. Before the capsule is placed in the intended position in the shaker apparatus (not shown) the alloy and mercury are inserted into it by screwing off the cover or part 1. Then the cover 1 is put on again and the capsule is attached to the shaker apparatus, whereupon the output 3 is connected e.g. by means of a flexible tube to a vacuum pump. Then the pump is started and when the pressure in the capsule can be read by means of a pertaining pressure gauge (not shown) to e.g. a few mm. Hg the shaking is started for example with a frequency of about 3,000 cycles per minute, the pump being operating during the whole shaking or mixing operation. After a suitable time, which is determined empirically, the shaker apparatus is stopped, air is let into the capsule and the same is removed from the shaker apparatus. Then the tube to the air pump is disengaged from the output 3 and the cover 1 is screwed ofi, whereupon the amalgam mixture is withdrawn and is ready for use.
The chamber according to FIG. 2 consists of a bottom part 4 and a plexiglass cover 5. The wall of the plexiglass cover comprises an airtightly connected diaphragm 6 through which is airtightly inserted a spatula 7 for stirring the mixture components consisting of e.g. different dental cements such as phosphate cement, silicate cement, zinc oxide-eugenol cement etc. and lying on a glass plate 8. Moreover, the cover has an output 9 to a vacuum pump (not shown). As in the case of the capsule according to FIG. 1 the chamber is first evacuated to a suitable pressure, e.g. a few mm. Hg, after the pulverous and liquid components to be mixed have been put upon the glass plate 8. The materials are thereafter mixed by means of the spatula 7 while the pump is operating. After the mixing or triturating is finished air is let into the chamber, the cover is removed and the prepared mixture can be removed.
Tests performed have shown that the mixtures produced according to the invention are essentially poorer in air than corresponding mixtures produced according to previously known methods. Moreover the mixtures produced according to the invention are essentially more homogeneous. While a specific apparatus and method have been described to fully disclose the invention, it is apparent that modifications may be made other than those described. The present disclosure is illustrative of a preferred embodiment, the invention comprehending all variations within the scope of the disclosure.
I claim:
1. Apparatus for the production of dental mixtures from a pulverous material and a material in a liquid state, which apparatus comprises a chamber for the pulverous and liquid materials respectively, wherein the chamber has an output which is connectable to a vacuum pump for evacuation of the chamber before the mixing of the materials is started, said chamber being provided with or being connectable to means for carrying through the mixing, and wherein said chamber consists of a bottom part with a detachable transparent cover and comprises a plate for introduction of the two materials before the evacuation, a spatula being airtightly inserted into said chamber through an airtightly closing diaphragm in the cover for mixing the two materials after evacuation of air from said chamber.
2. The process for the production of dental amalgams from a pulverulent metal alloy and liquid mercury metal comprising positioning said pulverulent metal alloy and said liquid mercury metal out of contact with each other in a vacuum mixing chamber, evacuating the air from said vacuum mixing chamber and then mixing said pulverulent metal alloy and said liquid mercury metal within said evacuated vacuum mixing chamber to form a homogeneous dental amalgam.
alloy and said liquid mercury metal are mixed by vibrating said pulverulent metal alloy and said liquid mercury metal whereby they are brought into contact with each other and homogeneously admixed.
Claims (3)
- 2. The process for the production of dental amalgams from a pulverulent metal alloy and liquid mercury metal comprising positioning said pulverulent metal alloy and said liquid mercury metal out of contact with each other in a vacuum mixing chamber, evacuating the air from said vacuum mixing chamber and then mixing said pulverulent metal alloy and said liquid mercury metal within said evacuated vacuum mixing chamber to form a homogeneous dental amalgam.
- 3. The process of claim 2 wherein said pulverulent metal alloy and said liquid mercury metal are mixed by agitating said evacuated vacuum mixing chamber.
- 4. The process of claim 2 wherein said pulverulent metal alloy and said liquid mercury metal are mixed by vibrating said pulverulent metal alloy and said liquid mercury metal whereby they are brought into contact with each other and homogeneously admixed.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE11947/67A SE310754B (en) | 1967-08-28 | 1967-08-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3559961A true US3559961A (en) | 1971-02-02 |
Family
ID=20294883
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US753178A Expired - Lifetime US3559961A (en) | 1967-08-28 | 1968-08-16 | Apparatus and method for the production of dental mixtures poor in porosity |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3559961A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1791001A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1242585A (en) |
SE (1) | SE310754B (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2533820A1 (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-04-06 | Ecole Nale Sup Arts Metiers | Method for the preparation of a dental filling product, apparatus and spatula for carrying out this method |
US4460340A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-07-17 | Marvin M. Stark Research Corporation | Receptacle for dental amalgam |
US4871261A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1989-10-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Vacuum mixing apparatus for dental materials |
FR2636834A1 (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1990-03-30 | Levy Harry | Stirrer for slips for dental ceramics |
US4973168A (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-11-27 | Chan Kwan Ho | Vacuum mixing/bone cement cartridge and kit |
US5121990A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1992-06-16 | Jacques Guiet | Device for the preparation of a paste |
US5328262A (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1994-07-12 | Mit Ab | Method for producing reduced porosity bone cement |
US6120174A (en) * | 1999-01-14 | 2000-09-19 | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Apparatus and method for mixing and dispensing bone cement |
EP1159932A1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-05 | GC Corporation | Mixer for capsule for dental restoration material |
WO2003022171A1 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2003-03-20 | Kerr Corporation | Dental capsule |
EP1316296A1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-04 | GC Corporation | Mixer for capsule for dental restoration material |
US20070280038A1 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2007-12-06 | Gerd-Ulrich Schmidt | Mixing device with vacuum box |
WO2016144868A1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-15 | Dentsply Sirona Inc. | Dental material delivery system |
US20170000585A1 (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2017-01-05 | Voco Gmbh | Storage and mixing device for the production of a dental preparation as well as use and process for producing the device |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5034054A (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1991-07-23 | Ecoflo, Inc. | Process for treating mercury in preparation for disposal |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1490214A (en) * | 1923-03-05 | 1924-04-15 | Alvin L Johnson | Dental amalgam mixer |
US2453914A (en) * | 1944-04-10 | 1948-11-16 | George M Hollenback | Device for mixing plaster compounds and mixtures |
US2696022A (en) * | 1951-04-23 | 1954-12-07 | Steinbock | Investment mixer |
US3250518A (en) * | 1964-03-16 | 1966-05-10 | Walter J Van Rossem | Investment mixer |
-
1967
- 1967-08-28 SE SE11947/67A patent/SE310754B/xx unknown
-
1968
- 1968-08-16 US US753178A patent/US3559961A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-08-22 GB GB40122/68A patent/GB1242585A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-08-27 DE DE19681791001 patent/DE1791001A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1490214A (en) * | 1923-03-05 | 1924-04-15 | Alvin L Johnson | Dental amalgam mixer |
US2453914A (en) * | 1944-04-10 | 1948-11-16 | George M Hollenback | Device for mixing plaster compounds and mixtures |
US2696022A (en) * | 1951-04-23 | 1954-12-07 | Steinbock | Investment mixer |
US3250518A (en) * | 1964-03-16 | 1966-05-10 | Walter J Van Rossem | Investment mixer |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2533820A1 (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-04-06 | Ecole Nale Sup Arts Metiers | Method for the preparation of a dental filling product, apparatus and spatula for carrying out this method |
US4460340A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-07-17 | Marvin M. Stark Research Corporation | Receptacle for dental amalgam |
US5121990A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1992-06-16 | Jacques Guiet | Device for the preparation of a paste |
FR2636834A1 (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1990-03-30 | Levy Harry | Stirrer for slips for dental ceramics |
US4871261A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1989-10-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Vacuum mixing apparatus for dental materials |
US4973168A (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-11-27 | Chan Kwan Ho | Vacuum mixing/bone cement cartridge and kit |
USRE35276E (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1996-06-18 | Chan; Kwan-Ho | Vacuum mixing/bone cement cartridge and kit |
US5328262A (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1994-07-12 | Mit Ab | Method for producing reduced porosity bone cement |
US5501520A (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1996-03-26 | Mit Ab | Device for producing reduced porosity bone cement |
US6120174A (en) * | 1999-01-14 | 2000-09-19 | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Apparatus and method for mixing and dispensing bone cement |
US6821012B2 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2004-11-23 | Gc Corporation | Vacuum assisted mixer for capsule of dental restoration material |
US20040141408A1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2004-07-22 | Gc Corporation | Vacuum assisted mixer for capsule of dental restoration material |
EP1159932A1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-05 | GC Corporation | Mixer for capsule for dental restoration material |
US6776516B2 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2004-08-17 | Gc Corporation | Vacuum assisted mixer for capsule of dental restoration material |
US6726005B2 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2004-04-27 | Kerr Corporation | Dental capsule |
WO2003022171A1 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2003-03-20 | Kerr Corporation | Dental capsule |
US6733170B2 (en) | 2001-12-03 | 2004-05-11 | Gc Corporation | Mixer for capsule for dental restoration material |
US20030103409A1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-05 | Gc Corporation | Mixer for capsule for dental restoration material |
EP1316296A1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-04 | GC Corporation | Mixer for capsule for dental restoration material |
US20070280038A1 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2007-12-06 | Gerd-Ulrich Schmidt | Mixing device with vacuum box |
US7438460B2 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2008-10-21 | Hauschild & Co. Kg | Mixing device with vacuum box |
WO2016144868A1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-15 | Dentsply Sirona Inc. | Dental material delivery system |
EP3871631A1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2021-09-01 | Dentsply Sirona Inc. | Dental material delivery system |
US11478332B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2022-10-25 | Dentsply Sirona Inc. | Dental material delivery system |
US20170000585A1 (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2017-01-05 | Voco Gmbh | Storage and mixing device for the production of a dental preparation as well as use and process for producing the device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE310754B (en) | 1969-05-12 |
GB1242585A (en) | 1971-08-11 |
DE1791001A1 (en) | 1971-10-21 |
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