US3558881A - Thermographic image formation utilizing a copy sheet of discrete thermoplastic particles and a powder developer - Google Patents

Thermographic image formation utilizing a copy sheet of discrete thermoplastic particles and a powder developer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3558881A
US3558881A US401215A US3558881DA US3558881A US 3558881 A US3558881 A US 3558881A US 401215 A US401215 A US 401215A US 3558881D A US3558881D A US 3558881DA US 3558881 A US3558881 A US 3558881A
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United States
Prior art keywords
image
powder
copy sheet
original
sheet
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Expired - Lifetime
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US401215A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert M Gold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Keuffel and Esser Co
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Keuffel and Esser Co
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Assigned to CONTINENTAL ILLINOIS NATIONAL BANK & TRUST CO., OF CHICAGO, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION, BANK OF CALIFORNIA N.A. THE; A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION, SECURITY NATIONAL BANK, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION FOR ITSELF AND AS AGENT FOR CITIBANK, N.A. A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION, CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, N.A. THE; A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION, CHEMICAL BANK, A BANKING INSTITUTION OF reassignment CONTINENTAL ILLINOIS NATIONAL BANK & TRUST CO., OF CHICAGO, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY A.N.J. CORP
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/398—Processes based on the production of stickiness patterns using powders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
    • B41C1/1066—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme by spraying with powders, by using a nozzle, e.g. an ink jet system, by fusing a previously coated powder, e.g. with a laser
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/028—Layers in which after being exposed to heat patterns electrically conductive patterns are formed in the layers, e.g. for thermoxerography

Definitions

  • FORM HEAT IMAGE ABSTRACT A copying process wherein a copy sheet comprising a support and layer thereon of discrete thermoplastic particles is exposed to infrared radiation while in heat conductive contact with an original bearing an infrared absorbing image, thereby causing the coalescence of the particles in the areas corresponding to the original image.
  • a finely divided thermoplastic powder is applied to the exposed copy sheet and selectively adheres to the coalesced areas, thereby forming a powder image. The powder image is then transferred to a receptor sheet.
  • thermographic papers which produce images directly upon'being heated in image-wise fashion by means of infrared absorbing graphics in heat conductive relation therewith.
  • thermographic papers which produce images directly upon'being heated in image-wise fashion by means of infrared absorbing graphics in heat conductive relation therewith.
  • thermographic papers which are not fixed after exposure and any subsequent heat discolors the paper.
  • xerographic processes for copy ing graphic information which do not have this fixing problem, but involve rather expensive and complex reproduction machines, not a simple source of actinic radiation such as is present in a thermal copying machine.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide materials and methods for reproduction of graphic images by the use of heat, which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • Another object is to provide methods and materials for reproducing stable copies of graphic originals by means of actinic radiation.
  • Another object is to provide methods and materials for making multiple copies.
  • Another object is to provide methods and materials for making reversal copies.
  • Another object is to provide methods and materials for making a printing plate.
  • the drawing depicts a copying process according to the present invention wherein a copy sheet comprising a support 12 and a layer 14 thereon of discrete thermoplastic particles is exposed to infrared radiation while in heat conductive contact with an original 8 bearing an infrared radiation absorbing image 9, thereby causing the coalescence of the particles in areas 16 corresponding to the original image.
  • a finely divided thermoplastic powder is applied to surface of copy sheet 10 and selectively adheres to coalesced areas 16, thereby forming a powder image 18.
  • Subsequent transfer of the powder image to a receptor sheet 20 and fusion of the powder by the application of heat results in a copy 26 of the original.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A very dilute suspension of an acrylic resin latex such as Rhoplex B-85 was coated upon a support such as a sheet of infrared transparent paper and dried at a temperature of less than 100 C. to produce a layer of discrete particles on the support. The coated sheet was placed in heat conductive relation with an original and the sandwich exposed to heat rays. Upon separation of the latex-coated paper from the original, a very slightly visible image of the heated areas was noticeable on the paper. Present, however, was a very intense latent image corresponding to the original image, which was developed by a finely ground thermoplastic powder containing a dark colored pigment or dye sprinkled over the surface of the coating. The powder adhered only to the image areas.
  • an acrylic resin latex such as Rhoplex B-85
  • thermoplastic powder may be fused if necessary to fix the image to the paper.
  • the thermoplastic powder contains an infrared absorber such as carbon black
  • the fusing can take place by exposure to infrared radiation.
  • a suitable'dcveloping powder comprised about 4.5 percent carbon black dispersed in a thermoplastic styrenated terpene resin.
  • the support is visually transparent or translucent, the developed image may be used as a diapositive, and where the powder is oleophilic, the record sheet may be used as a printing plate.
  • polyvinyl acetate emulsion Vinac WR-ZO
  • nonionic' polyethylene emulsion Poly-EM
  • polystyrene emulsion Emmulsion M
  • anionic polyethylene emulsion Poly-EM- l l
  • continuousphase resins that is, resins soluble in the continuous phase of the dispersion
  • polyvinyl alcohol Elvanol 52-22
  • Poly-EM- 11 polyethylene emulsion in order to toughen the coating.
  • the continuous phase is water.
  • the major criterion of selection of the nonfilm forming emulsion for this coating was the temperature necessary to remove the continuous phase and the temperature required for the disperse phase to reach a sticky, adhesive state.
  • the drying temperatures range from room temperature to about 100 C. The heating temperature was greater than the drying temperature. Otherwise, coalescence of the discrete particles occurred prematurely.
  • the explanation of the observed phenomenon is quite possibly explainable by what is frequently called the Kelvin Equation which shows that the vapor pressure of a curved surface such as that found on a drop, is greater than for a plane surface.
  • Kelvin Equation shows that the vapor pressure of a curved surface such as that found on a drop, is greater than for a plane surface.
  • the coated sheet comprising a support and a layer of discrete particles may be treated instead with a heated stylus to form the adhesive image.
  • the support need not be infrared transparent. Supports such as polymer films, metals, glass, cloth and the like were suitable.
  • the developing powder may be selected so that it is relatively oleophilic compared to the support material. Then the developed sheet was usable as a printing plate. Conventional lithographic printing processes were then used to print many copies of the original image.
  • the support is visually transparent as well as actinically transparent
  • the developed image may be used as a photographic negative or diapositive for photoprinting or pro jection purposes.
  • Suitable supports are transparent polymer films such as polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose acetate and cellophane.
  • the unheated particles were easily removed by simple mechanical means such as brushing during the developing steps.
  • EXAMPLE 2 An important variation of this process was suitable for making multiple copies.
  • a latex-coated, translucent paper was exposed by reflex or contact method to heat rays with an original.
  • the copy transfer paper was separated from the original and the former dusted with powder developer as in Example 1.
  • the developed copy transfer paper was then sandwiched to a receiving sheet.
  • the pair was then run through a blanket charging device which placed a high charge on the receiving sheet to attract the toner from the copy sheet.
  • the developer was then fused to the receiving sheet.
  • the copy transfer sheet still had an active. sticky image. This was redeveloped without a second exposure.
  • the process of trans ferring to another receiving sheet was then repeated. This technique was repeated many times to make many copies of the original.
  • a satisfactory coating mixture for this process was a mixture of one part polyvinyl acetate emulsion, such as Vinac WR-20. diluted to one-tenth its original solids content with water and one part of acrylic resin emulsion. such as Rhoplex B-85, also diluted to one-tenth its original solids content with water.
  • a method of recording a heat image which comprises the steps of:
US401215A 1964-10-02 1964-10-02 Thermographic image formation utilizing a copy sheet of discrete thermoplastic particles and a powder developer Expired - Lifetime US3558881A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US40100964A 1964-10-02 1964-10-02
US40121564A 1964-10-02 1964-10-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3558881A true US3558881A (en) 1971-01-26

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US401215A Expired - Lifetime US3558881A (en) 1964-10-02 1964-10-02 Thermographic image formation utilizing a copy sheet of discrete thermoplastic particles and a powder developer

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3558881A (de)
BE (1) BE670416A (de)
CH (1) CH444891A (de)
DE (2) DE1257169B (de)
FR (1) FR1448654A (de)
GB (1) GB1102340A (de)
NL (1) NL6512701A (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3619345A (en) * 1968-06-28 1971-11-09 Ricoh Kk Heat-sensitive stencil paper
US3751318A (en) * 1971-01-25 1973-08-07 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Thermographic transfer process
US3852091A (en) * 1971-01-25 1974-12-03 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Thermographic transfer sheets
US4082549A (en) * 1972-10-27 1978-04-04 Xerox Corporation Agglomeration imaging process
US4140907A (en) * 1976-07-29 1979-02-20 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Public Corporation Thermal-plain paper recording system
US4176277A (en) * 1976-10-22 1979-11-27 Thomson-Brandt Thermosensitive data-carrier designed for the recording of information and a method of recording information on such a data-carrier
US4193183A (en) * 1978-06-26 1980-03-18 National Semiconductor Corporation Infrared photolithographic process for constructing self-aligned electrodes
US4268615A (en) * 1979-05-23 1981-05-19 Matsumoto Yushi-Seiyaku Co., Ltd. Method for producing relief
EP0963841A1 (de) * 1998-06-12 1999-12-15 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung aus einer Latex positiv-arbeitenden Druckplatte
EP1063086A1 (de) * 1999-06-21 2000-12-27 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Mehrsystem-Aufzeichnungselement
US6367383B1 (en) 1999-06-21 2002-04-09 Agfa-Gevaert Imaging element for different imaging systems
US6528221B2 (en) * 2000-11-21 2003-03-04 Fujitsu Limited Flash fixing toner and fabrication method therefor
WO2017219032A1 (en) * 2016-06-17 2017-12-21 Jindal Films Americas Llc Linerless adhesive activation

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3476937A (en) * 1963-12-05 1969-11-04 Agfa Gevaert Nv Thermographic recording method employing a recording material comprising a uniform layer of discrete hydrophobic thermoplastic polymer particles

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3476937A (en) * 1963-12-05 1969-11-04 Agfa Gevaert Nv Thermographic recording method employing a recording material comprising a uniform layer of discrete hydrophobic thermoplastic polymer particles

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
VAN DER GRINTEN BULLETIN; August 1, 1963; Pgs. 5 and 6; 250-65.1 *

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3619345A (en) * 1968-06-28 1971-11-09 Ricoh Kk Heat-sensitive stencil paper
US3751318A (en) * 1971-01-25 1973-08-07 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Thermographic transfer process
US3852091A (en) * 1971-01-25 1974-12-03 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Thermographic transfer sheets
US4082549A (en) * 1972-10-27 1978-04-04 Xerox Corporation Agglomeration imaging process
US4140907A (en) * 1976-07-29 1979-02-20 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Public Corporation Thermal-plain paper recording system
US4405862A (en) * 1976-10-22 1983-09-20 Thomson-Brandt Thermosensitive data-carrier designed for the recording of information and a method of recording information on such a data-carrier
US4176277A (en) * 1976-10-22 1979-11-27 Thomson-Brandt Thermosensitive data-carrier designed for the recording of information and a method of recording information on such a data-carrier
US4193183A (en) * 1978-06-26 1980-03-18 National Semiconductor Corporation Infrared photolithographic process for constructing self-aligned electrodes
US4268615A (en) * 1979-05-23 1981-05-19 Matsumoto Yushi-Seiyaku Co., Ltd. Method for producing relief
EP0963841A1 (de) * 1998-06-12 1999-12-15 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung aus einer Latex positiv-arbeitenden Druckplatte
EP1063086A1 (de) * 1999-06-21 2000-12-27 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Mehrsystem-Aufzeichnungselement
US6367383B1 (en) 1999-06-21 2002-04-09 Agfa-Gevaert Imaging element for different imaging systems
US6528221B2 (en) * 2000-11-21 2003-03-04 Fujitsu Limited Flash fixing toner and fabrication method therefor
WO2017219032A1 (en) * 2016-06-17 2017-12-21 Jindal Films Americas Llc Linerless adhesive activation
CN109070536A (zh) * 2016-06-17 2018-12-21 金达胶片美国有限责任公司 无衬里的粘合剂活化
US10569920B2 (en) 2016-06-17 2020-02-25 Jindal Films Americas Llc Linerless adhesive activation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1257169B (de) 1967-12-28
GB1102340A (en) 1968-02-07
FR1448654A (fr) 1966-08-05
BE670416A (de) 1966-04-01
NL6512701A (de) 1966-04-04
CH444891A (de) 1967-10-15
DE1251774B (de)

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AS Assignment

Owner name: CHEMICAL BANK, A BANKING INSTITUTION OF, NEW YORK

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY A.N.J. CORP;REEL/FRAME:003969/0808

Effective date: 19820323

Owner name: BANK OF CALIFORNIA N.A. THE; A NATIONAL BANKING AS

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY A.N.J. CORP;REEL/FRAME:003969/0808

Effective date: 19820323

Owner name: CONTINENTAL ILLINOIS NATIONAL BANK & TRUST CO., OF

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY A.N.J. CORP;REEL/FRAME:003969/0808

Effective date: 19820323

Owner name: CHEMICAL BANK, A BANKING INSTITUTION OF NY.

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY A.N.J. CORP;REEL/FRAME:003969/0808

Effective date: 19820323

Owner name: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, N.A. THE; A NATIONAL BANKING

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY A.N.J. CORP;REEL/FRAME:003969/0808

Effective date: 19820323

Owner name: SECURITY NATIONAL BANK, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIA

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY A.N.J. CORP;REEL/FRAME:003969/0808

Effective date: 19820323