US3558794A - Bass register keying system - Google Patents
Bass register keying system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3558794A US3558794A US862194A US3558794DA US3558794A US 3558794 A US3558794 A US 3558794A US 862194 A US862194 A US 862194A US 3558794D A US3558794D A US 3558794DA US 3558794 A US3558794 A US 3558794A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tone
- note
- switch
- semitones
- chord
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/36—Accompaniment arrangements
- G10H1/38—Chord
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2210/00—Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
- G10H2210/155—Musical effects
- G10H2210/321—Missing fundamental, i.e. creating the psychoacoustic impression of a missing fundamental tone through synthesis of higher harmonics, e.g. to play bass notes pitched below the frequency range of reproducing speakers
Definitions
- This switch is comprised of a series of movable contacts parallel to, and actuated respectively by, playing keys in the lower section of the ac- [54] BASS REGlSTER KEYING SYSTEM companiment manual. Thereby, when a chord is played, a
- the preferred extension is to parallel the movable con- [56] References cued tacts with ordinary make-break key switches actuating diode UNITED STATES PATENT gates preferentially biased by scaling voltage dividers. Means 3,040,612 6/1962 Dorf 84/ 1.17 r pr to have one preferential system Override the 3,215,767 11/1965 Martin 84/124 r, so h a double preference is exercised, Operative 3,260,784 7/1966 Wehrmann 84/ 1 01 i l n y ever the entire 19 semitones.
- the invention concerns electronic organs and pertains particularly to a keying system for playing automatically, when a chord is played on a manual keyboard, lower register root tones normally heard by playing a pedal keyboard.
- Yet another object of this invention is to make it possible to select either a normal pedal keying system or an automatic root note system by activation of a simple switch.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram illustrating a preferred embodiment ofthis invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic showing of a wipe-out switch system suitable for use in the system of FIG. 1.
- a note an octave or two octaves below the lowest note of a chord played on the accompaniment manual of an organ is produced by a frequencydividing flip-flop triggered by a signal selected from the chord notes by use of a preferential or wipe-out" type of switch, of the type disclosed in the above-mentioned Munch application.
- This switch is comprised of a series of movable contacts paral' lel to, and actuated respectively by, playing keys in the lower section of the accompaniment manual.
- the pitch range of a Munch-type switch is only about seven semitones, so if, as is preferable in a roottone system. about an octave and half of semitones is to be ineluded, some means must be provided for extending the range to about 18 or 19 semitones.
- the preferred extension system is to parallel the movable contacts of the Munch-type switch with ordinary make-break key switches actuating diode gates preferentially biased by scaled voltage dividers.
- the gates having a common output of the frequen cy divider, are actuated respectively by a series of voltage dividers graduated in output, arranged so that if two or more gates are keyed concurrently, the lower pitched gate biases off the higher gates, as the former is keyed on by direct current from a common source.
- FIG. 1 which illustrates the overall electrical circuitry, shows a series of continuously running signal sources labeled (reading from bottom to top) C, C ,D.
- D A ,B encompass an octave of the equally tempered scale.
- the sources are preferably, though not necessarily, corresponding stages in a gamut of l2 transistor frequency dividers of the flip-flop type with square-wave output which preferably are used with conventional keying circuits for supplying organ tones.
- a point 1, associated with such signal source indicates where signals would be carried to conventional keying circuits, so that each source provides signal to two sets of gates, one responsive to a conventional manual, and the other, illustrated in FIG. I, providing tone for root tone generation.
- tone signals may be passed to collecting and tone-filtering circuits to provide the normal tone output called forth by keys which, as will be explained hereinafter, are used with the present invention.
- signals are carried to diode gates 4, each composed of a pair of series-connected, solid-state diodes 6 and 8, at the junction of which is provided a bypass impedance composed of resistor 10 and capacitor 12.
- Voltage dividers for supplying direct current to actuate each gate are comprised of series resistor pairs, as 21 and 23, 25 and 27, 29 and 31 the tap between each being the output point 14 for feeding each gate 4.
- the DC keying voltage for these dividers is supplied from a source (not shown) of volts connected to a terminal 16 via accompaniment keyboard key switches 18.
- Parallel keying circuits for sources B down to' F are shown as wipe-out key switches 20, connected one for one to the voltage-divider taps 14.
- the switches 20 for note F is the lowest one in the accompaniment keyboard, while the key switch 18 for note B is the highest affected key in the keyboard range.
- the conventionally keyed keyboard will usually extend higher. Switches 20 are arranged as illustrated in FIG. 2 of the present application and are described in detail hereinafter, as well as in the above mentioned application of Walter Munch, Jr.
- a source (not shown) of 16 volts direct current is connected to terminal 22, common to all bypass impedances I0, 12.
- Bus 24, which provides common output for the gates 4, is connected both to a source (not shown) of l6 volts at terminal 26 via 1.5 megohm resistor 27 and, via capacitor 30, to a trigger amplifier 28.
- the output of the amplifier 28 is connected via one contact of a single-pole,double-throw selector switch 32 to a frequencydividing flip-flop system 34, the output of which is carried on to an appropriate electroacoustic output system 36 via tone-color filter 38 and stop switch 40.
- a second bus 42 to which are connected in parallel a series of pedal keyboard switches 44, connected respectively to tone signal sourcesCC C ,D,. B,C.
- switch 32 In operation, if switch 32 is in the lower position, signals keyed by pedal switches 44 pass via bus 42 to the flip-flops 34 where their frequencies are respectively divided by four. The wave form of the signals is modified by the tone-color filter 38 and tone signals are converted to sound in the output system 36, if the stop switch 40 is closed. If. however. the organ player desires to have a low frequency signal occur in the output, when keys are played on the accompaniment manual, the selector switch 32 is thrown to the upper position. If no key switches are actuated, signals from sources C C3, D B, C are blocked from passage to the output bus 24 by virtue of the l 6 volt bias applied to the anodes of the several diodes 6 and 8.
- the moving contact 23 forces the movable common contact 21 to the left an amount depending upon the travel of the contact 23.
- the series switch 25 is opened and direct current from the terminal 16 passes via switch contacts 21 and 23 to the tap 14 of the 37, 39 voltage divider for the source G.
- the diode gate 4 for source G is opened in response to the high negative voltage applied to the cathodes of the diodes 6 and 8 of that diode gate.
- Signal then appears on bus 24 for passage to the trigger amplifier 28 via coupling capacitor 30, which, incidentally prevents the DC keying voltage from being applied to the amplifier 28.
- the amplifier 23 output triggers the flip-flop 34 (since switch 32 allows signal passage), supplying signal for modification by tone-color filter 38 and transmittal to the output system 36, when desired, by closure of stop switch 40.
- the bypass impedance comprised of resistor 10 and capacitor 12 is selected so that it provides a low impedance relative to the nonconductive impedance of the diodes 6 and 8 but relatively high impedance compared to the conductive impedance of the diodes 6 and 8.
- signal feed-through is reduced in the off condition of a gate without appreciable bypass of signal in the on condition.
- the E voltage divider provides a 80 volt keying voltage and the D voltage divider provides a -90 keying voltage
- the bus 24 is biased up to 90 volts, resulting in the right end of the E gate being 10 volts more positive than the left-end gate, so the E gate is biased off and the D signal alone controls the flip-flop 34.
- FIG. 2 there is diagrammatically shown a switching arrangement which, while primarily designed for use with manual keyboards in electrical musical instruments is nevertheless adaptable for use with the more extended types of pedal claviers, and which corresponds mechanically and in construction with switches 20 of FIG. 1.
- a switching arrange ment extending over the range from F through B is shown to correspond with the range of switches 20 of FIG. 1.
- On an insulative base 50 there are fastened a series of wirelike movable switch contacts 52,.54 64, inclusive.
- the right-hand end of the switch assembly is shown as broken; but it may be understood that movable contact elements 68 and 70 are representative respectively of the lowest generator in the generator rank and of a generator 12 semitones thereabove.
- the contact elements 52 to 64 are indicated as connected respectively with generators F to B, inclusive.
- Contact element 68 will also be connected to generator C, while contact element 70 will be connected to generator B. These connections will be effected via the resistive voltage dividers referred to in FIG. 1, and which are there shown as involving switches 18.
- resistive or gradual-contact switch means are employed for the derivation of oscillations in accordance with the requirements of a musical composition.
- the use of such gradual-contact switches avoids key thump and key click.
- Any type of resistive switch may be employed, such as the structures shown in US. Pat. No. 2,215,124 in the names of Kock and Jordan, dated Sept. I7, 1940.
- diode gating the need for resistive switches is obviated. Therefore a preferred switching arrangement for the righthand portion of the switching assembly of FIG. 2 is a modified form of the type (without the variable resistance feature) set forth and claimed in a copending application in the name of Marion B. Gregory entitled Variable Resistance Key Switch.
- the base or panel 50 is shown as carrying an insulative fulcrum bar 72 to control the action of the wirelike movable contacts, and the stationary contact means is a bus or wire 74.
- the bus 74 corresponds to the bus 19 of FIG. 1.
- An extension 78 of the bus 74 is shown bent to reach contact element 25 corresponding to contact 25 of FIG. 1, which cooperates with contact arm 21.
- FIG. 2 is shown a purely diagrammatic version of a connection 84 between a movable contact member 52 and a playing key 86, it being understood that the several movable switch elements 52, 54,56 will be connected respectively with playing keys in a manual or clavier, in the manner illustrated for key 86.
- An insulative sleeve 88 on the contact element 25 prevents the contact 21 making electrical contact with element 25 in the depressed position of any key 86.
- circuit will be made with contact 21, which is shown as extending transversely beneath the movable contact elements 52, 54, 56. and volts is supplied to the appropriate diode gate, FIG. 1. Accordingly, contacts 52, 54,56. correspond with contacts such as 23, 27 of FIG. 1.
- the free end of the contact 21 will usually lie within bracket-shaped contact 25 which is covered with the antifriction, insulative sleeve 88, thus serving to guide the motion of the wire.
- a typical key is illustrated at 80, and another at 91.
- the key 80 when actuated, closes a gradual resistance switch 3
- the latter may be the same as output 36, or may be separate and independent, but in any event, comprises an amplifier. and speaker.
- Key switch 81 is typical of further key-switches 88, 89, 90, which call forth tone from generators A ,A, G and these keys are the nonnal and usual accompaniment manual keys of an organ and call forth the normal and usual tones.
- Key 91 is a similar key but belongs to a note G an octave below that G called forth by a switch 18. Key 91 closes, in addition to its normal tone switch G a switch 23, which is one of the preference switches 20.
- an accompaniment manual including keys and keyswitches for calling forth said tone signals simultaneously;
- a frequency divider having an input circuit and an output circuit
- loudspeaker means connected to said tone color circuits for transducing the outputs of both said tone color circuits.
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US46876765A | 1965-07-01 | 1965-07-01 | |
US86219469A | 1969-09-30 | 1969-09-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3558794A true US3558794A (en) | 1971-01-26 |
Family
ID=27042527
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US862194A Expired - Lifetime US3558794A (en) | 1965-07-01 | 1969-09-30 | Bass register keying system |
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US (1) | US3558794A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3708604A (en) * | 1971-11-15 | 1973-01-02 | Jasper Electronics Mfg Corp | Electronic organ with rhythmic accompaniment and bass |
US3832479A (en) * | 1972-03-01 | 1974-08-27 | L Aliprandi | Electronic apparatus for programmed automatic playing of musical accompaniment systems |
US3844192A (en) * | 1973-05-04 | 1974-10-29 | Warwick Electronics Inc | Chord control system for electronic organ |
US3871262A (en) * | 1973-12-14 | 1975-03-18 | Kimball Int | Electronic organ having delayed fill in |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3040612A (en) * | 1957-12-26 | 1962-06-26 | Kinsman Mfg Company Inc | Electrical musical instrument |
US3215767A (en) * | 1962-01-23 | 1965-11-02 | Baldwin Co D H | Chorus effects in electronic organ |
US3260784A (en) * | 1963-11-07 | 1966-07-12 | Wolfgang J Wehrmann | Electronic musical instrument having one or more keyboards |
US3336432A (en) * | 1964-03-04 | 1967-08-15 | Hurvitz Hyman | Tone generator with directivity cues |
-
1969
- 1969-09-30 US US862194A patent/US3558794A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3040612A (en) * | 1957-12-26 | 1962-06-26 | Kinsman Mfg Company Inc | Electrical musical instrument |
US3215767A (en) * | 1962-01-23 | 1965-11-02 | Baldwin Co D H | Chorus effects in electronic organ |
US3260784A (en) * | 1963-11-07 | 1966-07-12 | Wolfgang J Wehrmann | Electronic musical instrument having one or more keyboards |
US3336432A (en) * | 1964-03-04 | 1967-08-15 | Hurvitz Hyman | Tone generator with directivity cues |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3708604A (en) * | 1971-11-15 | 1973-01-02 | Jasper Electronics Mfg Corp | Electronic organ with rhythmic accompaniment and bass |
US3832479A (en) * | 1972-03-01 | 1974-08-27 | L Aliprandi | Electronic apparatus for programmed automatic playing of musical accompaniment systems |
US3844192A (en) * | 1973-05-04 | 1974-10-29 | Warwick Electronics Inc | Chord control system for electronic organ |
US3871262A (en) * | 1973-12-14 | 1975-03-18 | Kimball Int | Electronic organ having delayed fill in |
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Owner name: SECURITY PACIFIC BUSINESS CREDIT INC., 10089 WILLO Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BPO ACQUISITION CORP. A CORP OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004298/0001 Effective date: 19840615 Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC CREDIT CORPORATION, A NY CORP., C Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BPO ACQUISITION CORP., A DE CORP;REEL/FRAME:004297/0802 Effective date: 19840615 |
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Owner name: BPO ACQUISITION CORP., 180 GILBERT AVE., CINCINNAT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:D.H. BALDWIN COMPANY AN OH CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004385/0934 Effective date: 19840615 |
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Owner name: BALDWIN PIANO & ORGAN COMPANY Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:BPO ACQUISTION CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004473/0501 Effective date: 19840612 |