US3558747A - Dihydrocarbylhydroxyphenyl phosphorus-containing antioxidants - Google Patents

Dihydrocarbylhydroxyphenyl phosphorus-containing antioxidants Download PDF

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US3558747A
US3558747A US612317A US3558747DA US3558747A US 3558747 A US3558747 A US 3558747A US 612317 A US612317 A US 612317A US 3558747D A US3558747D A US 3558747DA US 3558747 A US3558747 A US 3558747A
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Bernard R Meltsner
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Ethyl Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C11B5/0071—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants containing halogens, sulfur or phosphorus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
    • C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
    • C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
    • C07F9/12—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyaryl compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
    • C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
    • C07F9/141—Esters of phosphorous acids
    • C07F9/145—Esters of phosphorous acids with hydroxyaryl compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
    • C07F9/16—Esters of thiophosphoric acids or thiophosphorous acids
    • C07F9/165—Esters of thiophosphoric acids
    • C07F9/18—Esters of thiophosphoric acids with hydroxyaryl compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
    • C07F9/16—Esters of thiophosphoric acids or thiophosphorous acids
    • C07F9/201—Esters of thiophosphorus acids
    • C07F9/205—Esters of thiophosphorus acids with hydroxyaryl compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/32—Esters thereof
    • C07F9/3258—Esters thereof the ester moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
    • C07F9/3282—Esters with hydroxyaryl compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/40—Esters thereof
    • C07F9/4071—Esters thereof the ester moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
    • C07F9/4084—Esters with hydroxyaryl compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/48—Phosphonous acids [RP(OH)2] including [RHP(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphonous acids including [RP(SH)2], [RHP(=S)(SH)]; Derivatives thereof
    • C07F9/4866—Phosphonous acids [RP(OH)2] including [RHP(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphonous acids including [RP(SH)2], [RHP(=S)(SH)]; Derivatives thereof the ester moiety containing a substituent or structure which is considered as characteristic
    • C07F9/4875—Esters with hydroxy aryl compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K15/00—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change
    • C09K15/04—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds
    • C09K15/32—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds containing two or more of boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
    • C09K15/322—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds containing two or more of boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing only phosphorus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S524/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S524/925—Natural rubber compositions having nonreactive materials, i.e. NRM, other than: carbon, silicon dioxide, glass titanium dioxide, water, hydrocarbon or halohydrocarbon

Definitions

  • this invention relates to the stabilization of organic material with phosphonites, phosphonates, phosphates, phosphites, phosphinites, phosphinates, phosphorothionates, phosphonothionates, and phosphinothionates containing dihydrocarbylhydroxyphenyl groups.
  • the invention also relates to the use of these antioxidants in combination with a dihydrocarbylthiodialkanoate synergist.
  • Phosphorus-containing antioxidants for organic materials are known.
  • G. G. Knapp in US. 3,155,704, issued Nov. 3, 1964, describes dialkyl(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-phosphonates that are useful as antioxidants.
  • trialkylphosphites and trialkarylphosphites have been disclosed as antioxidants.
  • An object of this invention is to provide stable organic compositions.
  • a further object is to provide polyolefin compositions of enhanced stability.
  • an antioxidant having the wherein n is an integer from 1-2, m is an integer from 0-1, Z is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from 1-20 carbon atoms, alkoxy radicals containing from lcarbon atoms, aryl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, and aralkyl radicals containing from 7-20 carbon atoms; R is selected from the group consisting of alpha-branched alkyl radicals containing from 3-20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, and alphabranched aralkyl radicals containing from 8-20 carbon atoms; and R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from 1-20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals
  • R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from about 1-6 carbon atoms, and R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, aryl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, and aralkyl radicals containing from 7-20 carbon atoms.
  • R in Formula I is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl group. Examples of these compounds are:
  • R in Formula I is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical and is selected from the same group as R that is, alpha-branched alkyl radicals containing from 312 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals containing from 620 carbon atoms, and alpha-branched aralkyl radicals containing from 820 carbon atoms.
  • R in Formula I is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical and both R and R are tert-butyl radicals. Examples of these highly preferred embodiments are:
  • the compounds of this invention are readily prepared by methods known in the art.
  • One such method is the reaction of the appropriate phosphonic, phosphinic, phosphonous, or phosphinous halide with a hydroquinone.
  • a hydroquinone for example, the reaction of phenylphosphonous dichloride with 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone yields bis(3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonite.
  • the reaction of ethylphosphonous dichloride with 2-tert-butyl- S-methylhydroquinone yields bis(Z-methyl-S-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl) ethylphosphonite.
  • Still other compounds used in this invention wherein R is an alkoxy radical can be prepared from the corresponding alkylphosphoro chlorodite.
  • the reaction of didodecylphosphoro chlorodite with 2,6 di tert-butylhydroquinone yields 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl didodecyl phosphite.
  • the corresponding phosphates, phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphonothioates, phosphorothioates, and phosphinothioates can be prepared by using the appropriate oxygenated or thio phosphorous halide reactant.
  • the reaction of phenylphosphonic dichloride with 4 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone yields bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate.
  • An especially useful method of preparing the thio analog is by the direct reaction of sulfur with the phosphite, phosphonite, or phosphinite. The following examples serve to illustrate the synthesis procedure. All parts are parts by weight unless otherwise specified.
  • EXAMPLE 1 In a reaction vessel equipped with stirrer, liquid addition means, thermometer, condenser, heating means, cooling means and provided with a nitrogen atmosphere place 21 parts of diethyl ether, 4.3 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone and 1.96 parts of triethylamine. While stirring, add a solution of 1.73 parts of phenylphosphonous dichloride in 15 parts of ether over a period of 30 minutes of 10-20 C. Allow to stir an additional hour and then filter off the triethylamine hydrochloride which pre cipitates. The product is recovered by evaporating the filtrate and recrystallizing the residue from a solution containing 32 parts of methanol and 10 parts of water. Bis- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonite is obtained as a white crystalline product.
  • EXAMPLE 2 To the reaction vessel of Example 1 add 71 parts of diethyl ether, 8.6 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone and 3.9 parts of triethylamine. While stirring, add a solution of 3.78 parts of phenylphosphonic dichloride in 20 parts of diethyl ether over a period of 30 minutes at 10- 20 C. Stir the mixture 2 hours at room temperature and then filter off the triethylamine hydrochloride precipitate. Wash the filtrate with water and dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporate the ether and recrystallize the residue from 32 parts of methanol. The product is identified by infrared as bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate.
  • the analogous thio compound can be prepared following the above procedure by the use of phenylphosphonothionic dichloride.
  • EXAMPLE 3 To the reaction vessel of Example 1 add 200 parts of isooctane, 53 parts of di-n-octadecylphosphonochlorodite and 10 parts of triethylamine. While stirring the mixture, at 2030 C., add a solution of 22.2 parts of 2,6-di-tertbutylhydroquinone in 200 parts of isooctane. Heat the mixture to 50 C. and stir at this temperature for 4 hours. Filter and wash the filtrate with water. Distill oif the isooctane at 5 0 C. under vacuum and recrystallize the product, 3,S-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl di-n-octadecylphosphite, from ethanol.
  • EXAMPLE 4 To the reaction vessel of Example 1 add 1000 parts of isooctane and 360 parts of 2-tert-butyl-S-methylhydroquinone. Then, while stirring, add 117 parts of methylphosphonous dichloride dissolved in 300 parts of isooctane. Stir the mixture and heat to reflux. Stir at this temperature for one hour and then cool to 30 C. Wash twice with water. Distill off the isooctane to a temperature of 50 C. at 10 mm. and then recrystallize the residue from ethanol, obtaining bis(Z-methyl-S-tert-butyl 4 hydroxyphenyl) methylphosphonite.
  • alkyl phosphonous dichlorides can be used in the above example yielding the corresponding alkyl phosphonite.
  • EXAMPLE 5 In the reaction vessel of Example 1 place 211 parts of phenylphosphonothioic dichloride and 1000 parts of hexane. Over a 30 minute period, while stirring, add 636 parts of 2,6-di(a-methylbenzyl)hydroquinone dissolved in 2500 parts of hexane. Heat to reflux and maintain at reflux for 4 hours. Cool and wash once with a 5 percent sodium carbonate solution and twice with water. Evaporate off the hexane, leaving as a residue, 0,0-bis[3,5-di
  • EXAMPLE 6 In the reaction vessel of Example 1 place 548 parts of 2,6-dicyclohexylhydroquinone and 1000 parts of diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether. To this add 294 parts of lauryl phosphorodichloridothionate dissolved in 600 parts of diethyleneglycol dirnethyl ether, while stirring at 50 C. Heat to 100 C. and stir one hour. Cool and add 1000 parts of water. Decant off the aqueous glycol ether layer and recrystallize the residue from ethanol to obtain di(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) lauryl phosphorothionate.
  • EXAMPLE 7 In the reaction vessel of Example 1 place 621 parts of dioctadecylphosphorochlorodate and 2000 parts of diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether. While stirring at 3050 C., add 222 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone over a one hour period. Heat to 75 C. and stir for an additional 2 hours. Cool to room temperature and add 1000 parts of water, causing the product, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl dioctadecyl phosphate, to precipitate.
  • EXAMPLE 8 In the reaction vessel of Example 1 place 236.5 parts of diphenylphosphinic chloride and 1000 parts of isooctane. To this add, while stirring at 50 C., a solution of 274 parts of 2,6-dichlohexylhydroquinone, 1000 parts of isooctane and 89 parts of triethylamine. The addition takes about one hour. Stir the mixture at 5070 C. for an additional 4 hours. Cool to room temperature and filter to remove the triethylamine hydrochloride and wash the filtrate with water. Dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporate the isooctane under vacuum, leaving 3,5- dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl diphenylphosphinate.
  • EXAMPLE 9 To the reaction vessel of Example 1 add 404.5 parts of dilaurylphosphinous chloride and 2000 parts of diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether. While stirring at 50 C., add, over a 30 minute period, 318 parts of 2,6-di(a-methylbenzyl) hydroquinone dissolved in 1000 parts of diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether. Heat to 100 C. and stir for 4 hours. Cool to room temperature and add 1500 parts of water, causing the product, 3,5-di(amethylbenzyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl dilaurylphosphinite, to precipitate.
  • the compounds of this invention are useful as antioxidants in a wide variety of organic material normally susceptible to deterioration in the presence of oxygen.
  • liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, kerosene and fuel oil are found to posses increased storage stability when blended with a stabilizing quantity of an additive of this invention.
  • hydrocarbon fuels containing organometallic additives such as tetraethyllead, tetramethyllead, methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, cyclopentadienyl nickel nitrosyl, ferrocene and iron carbonyl have appreciably increased stability when treated with the additives of this invention.
  • lubricating oils and functional fluids both those derived from naturally occurring hydrocarbons and those synthetically prepared, have enhanced stability by the practice of this invention.
  • the additives of this invention are useful in stabilizing antiknock fluids against oxidative degradation.
  • the stabilizing additives of this invention find utility in stability a tetraethyllead antiknock fluid which contains ethylenedichloride and ethylenedibromide.
  • the additives of this invention are effective in stabilizing rubber against degradation caused by oxygen or ozone.
  • rubber is employed in a generic sense to define a high molecular weight plastic material which possesses high extensibility under load coupled with the property of forcibly retracting to approximately its original size and shape after the load is removed.
  • Some examples are acrylic rubber, butadienestyrene rubber (SBR), chloroprene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, fluorocarbon rubbers, isobutylene-isoprene (IIR), isoprene, butadiene, nitrile-butadiene rubber, polyisobutylene rubber, polysulfide rubbers, silicone rubbers, urethanes, India rubber, reclaimed rubber, balata rubber, gutta percha rubber, and the like.
  • SBR butadienestyrene rubber
  • IIR isobutylene-isoprene
  • IIR isoprene
  • butadiene butadiene
  • nitrile-butadiene rubber polyisobutylene rubber
  • polysulfide rubbers silicone rubbers
  • urethanes silicone rubbers
  • urethanes India rubber
  • balata rubber balata rubber
  • gutta percha rubber and the like.
  • the compounds of this invention are also useful in protecting petroleum wax against degradation.
  • the additives also find use in the stabilization of fats and oils of animal and vegetable origin which tend to become rancid during long periods of storage because of oxidative deterioration.
  • Typical representatives of these edible fats and oils are linseed oil, cod liver oil, castor oil, soy bean oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, olive oil, palm oil, corn oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, babassu oil, butter, lard, beef tallow, and the like.
  • the compounds of this invention are superior antioxidants for high molecular weight polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene (both high pressure and so-called Ziegler type), polybutene, polybutadiene (both cis and trans), and the like.
  • One of the features of the present stabilizers is that they do not cause discoloration when used in transparent, white, or light-colored organic materials such as white rubber or plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like.
  • the amount of stabilizer used in the organic compositions of this invention is not critical, as long as a stabilizing quantity is present, and can very from as little as 0.001 weight percent to about 5 weight percent. Generally. excellent results are obtained when from 0.1 to about 3 weight percent of the stabilizer is included in the organic compositions.
  • the following examples serve to illustrate the use of the stabilizers of the present invention in stabilizing some representative organic materials normally subject to deterioration in the presence of oxygen or ozone.
  • EXAMPLE 10 A rubber stock is prepared containing the following components.
  • Component Parts Pale crepe rubber 100 Zinc oxide filler 50 Titanium dioxide Stearic acid 2 Ultramarine blue 0.12 Sulfur 3.00 Mercaptobenzothiazole 1.00
  • EXAMPLE 11 A synthetic rubber master batch comprising 100 parts of GR-S rubber having an average molecular weight of 60,000, parts of mixed zinc propionate-sterate, 50 parts of carbon black, 5 parts of road tar, 2 parts of sulfur and 1.5 parts of mercaptobenzothiazole is prepared. To this is added 1.5 parts of dilZ-ethyLS-(a-rnethylbenzyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl] laurylphosphite. This composition is then cured for minutes employing 45 p.s.i.g. steam pressure. The resulting synthetic rubber possesses resistance to oxygen and ozone induced degradation.
  • a butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer is prepared from 68 percent 1,4-butadiene and 32 percent acrylonitrile. Two percent, based on the weight of the copolymer, of bis(3-methyl-5-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenol) eicosylphosphonite is added as an aqueous emulsion to the latex obtained from emulsion copolymerization of the butadiene and acrylonitrile monomers. The latex is coagulated with aluminum sulfate and the coagulum, after washing, is dried for 20 hours at 70 C. The synthetic copolymer so obtained is resistant to oxidative degradation.
  • EXAMPLE 13 Three percent of bis(2-methyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) methylphosphonite as an emulsion in sodium oleate is added to a rubber-like copolymer of 1,3-butadiene and styrene containing 25 percent styrene. The resulting synthetic elastomer possesses enhanced stability.
  • EXAMPLE 14 To a master batch of GR-N synthetic rubber containing 100 parts of GR-N rubber, parts of zinc stearate, 50 parts of carbon black, 5 parts of road tar, 2 parts of sulfur and 2 parts of mercaptobenzothiazole is added 5 percent, based on weight, of bis(3-methyl-5-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphonite. After curing, a synthetic rubber is obtained of improved oxidative stability.
  • EXAMPLE 15 To a master batch of polyethylene having an average molecular weight of 1,000,000, a tensile strength of 6,700 p.s.i., a Shore D hardness of 74 and a softening temperature under low load of 150 C. is added 5 percent of bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4 hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate. The resulting polyethylene possesses stability against oxidative degradation and shows no tendency to yellow after extensive aging.
  • EXAMPLE 16 A linear polyethylene having a high degree of crystallinity (93 percent), and less than one branched chain per 100 carbon atoms, a density of about 0.96 gram per ml. and which has about 1.5 double bonds per 100 carbon atoms, is mixed with 0.005 weight percent of bis [3-methyl- 5- wmethylbenzyl -4-hydroxyphenyl] n-octadecyl phosphate. The resulting polyethylene is found to possess stability against oxidative degradation.
  • EXAMPLE 17 To 100 parts of an ethylenepropylene terpolymer is added bis(2,5-diisopropyl 4 hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate, resulting in an ethylenepropylene terpolymer of enhanced stability.
  • EXAMPLE 18 To 100 parts of an ethylenepropylene rubber is added 2 parts of bis(3-methyl-5-tert-octyl-4 hydroxyphenyl) ethylphosphonate, resulting in an EPR rubber stock of improved stability.
  • EXAMPLE 19 EXAMPLE 20 To 1,000 parts of gasoline containing 26.6 percent aromatics, 20.8 percent olefins, 52.6 percent saturates and having an API gravity of 62.1 is added 10 parts of 0,0- bis(2-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4 hydroxyphenyl) hexylphosphonothioate. The resulting gasoline is stable.
  • EXAMPLE 22 To 10,000 parts of a gasoline containing 20.0 percent aromatics, 41.2 percent olefins, 38.8 percent saturates and containing additionally 1.5 grams of manganese per gallon as methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl is added 300 parts of 0,0bis[3-methyl-5-(et-methylbenzyl)- 4-hydroxyphenyl] n-octadecylphosphonothioate. The resulting gasoline containing a manganese antiknock was resistant to oxidative degradation.
  • EXAMPLE 23 To 10,000 parts of a gasoline containing 20.5 percent aromatics, 32.9 percent olefins and 46.6 percent saturates and containing 2.39 grams per gallon of tetraethyllead and one theory of chlorine as ethylenedichloride and 0.5 theory of bromine as ethylenedibromide is added 500 parts of 0,0-bis(2,5-diisopropyl 4 hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonothioate.
  • the resulting gasoline containing a lead antiknock and halogen scavenger is resistant to oxidative degradation. Not only this, but it is also found when used to give prolonged spark plug life due to the presence of the phosphorus-containing antioxidant.
  • EXAMPLE 25 An antiknock fluid composition is prepared by mixing together 61.5 parts of tetraethyllead, 17.9 parts of ethylenedibromide, 18.8 parts of ethylenedichloride and 1.3 parts of 0,0-bis(3-methyl-5-tert-octyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylphosphonothioate, resulting in a stable antiknock fluid composition.
  • EXAMPLE 26 To 1,000 parts of a commercial diesel fuel having a cetane number of 42, is added 5 parts of amyl nitrate and 4 parts of 0,0-bis[3 ethyl-5-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-4-hy droxyphenyl] n-eicosylphosphonothioate, resulting in a diesel fuel of high resistance to oxidative deterioration which does not form gum or sludge on storage.
  • EXAMPLE 27 To 1,000 parts of a solvent-refined neutral oil viscosity index and 200 SUS at F.) containing 6 percent of a commercial methacrylate type VI improver is added 5 percent of bis[3-methyl-5-(a-methylbenzyl)-4 hydroxyphenyl] n-octadecyl phosphorothionate, resulting in a sta ble lubricating oil.
  • EXAMPLE 29 To 100,000 parts of a petroleum hydrocarbon oil having a gravity of 30.3 API at 60 F., viscosity of 178. SUS at 100 F., a viscosity index of 154.2, and containing 1,000 parts of the reaction product of an alkenyl succinic anhydride where the alkenyl group has a molecular weight of 1,000, with a tetraethylene pentaarnine, is added 200 parts of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl di-noctadecylphosphinate. The resulting lubricating oil possesses excellent dispersancy and is resistant to oxidative degradation.
  • EXAMPLE 30 To 100,000 parts of a commercially available pentaerythritol ester having a viscosity at 100 F. of 22.4 centistokes and known under the trade name of Hercofiex 600 is added 400 parts of 3-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl diphenylphosphinite. The resulting synthetic lubricating oil possesses improved resistance against oxidative deterioration.
  • EXAMPLE 31 To 100,000 parts of dioctyl sebacate having a viscosity at 210 F. of 36.7 SUS, a viscosity index of 159, and a molecular weight of 427, is added 250 parts of 3,5-diisopropyl-4-hydroxyphenyl dioctadecyl phosphite, resulting in a synthetic diester lubricating oil having improved resistance to oxidative degradation.
  • EXAMPLE 32 To 1,000 parts of a commercial coconut oil is added 5 parts of 3-methyl-5-tert-octayl-4-hydroxyphenyl dilaurylphosphinothionate, resulting in a vegetable oil with good aging characteristics.
  • EXAMPLE 33 To 100,00 parts of lard is added 100 parts of Z-methyl- 5 tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl dibenzylphosphinothionate, resulting in a lard having resistance to rancidity.
  • the stabilizing additives of this invention are eminently useful as stabilizers in polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like. In this use they function as antioxidants, antiozonants, and also as thermal stabilizers. They are extremely long lasting and highly resistant to the formation of color.
  • tests were conducted using a commercial polypropylene. These tests are known as Oven Aging Tests and are recognized in the plastic industry as an accurate guide to oxidative stability. In these tests small specimens of polypropylene are prepared containing the test stabilizer. These test specimens are placed in an air circulating oven maintained at 150 C. Five replicates are made of each polypropylene-stabilizer composition and the test criteria is the time and hours until three of the five replicates show signs of deterioration. Deterioration is evidenced by cracking, discoloration or any visual appearance of change in the specimen.
  • Test specimens are prepared by mixing the test stabilizers with polypropylene powder for 3 minutes in a Waring Blender. The mixture is then molded into a 6" x 6" sheet with a thickness of 0.025. This accomplished in a molding press at 400 F. under 5,000 p.s.i. pressure. Each sheet is then cut into /2 x 1" test specimens in order to obtain the five replicate samples. These samples are then subjected to the Oven Aging Tests.
  • the additive of the present invention increase the oven life of the polypropylene about 250 times that obtained without any additive, an about 5 to 7 times as much as the life obtained with two commercially accepted antioxidants.
  • the additives of the present invention are vastly superior to stabilizers available in the prior art.
  • the effectiveness of the present stabilizers can be enhanced still further by employing synergistic mixtures of the stabilizers of this invention.
  • the preferred synergists are those having the formula:
  • R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from about 1-6 carbon atoms
  • R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from about 6-20 carbon atoms, aryl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, aralkyl radicals containing from 7-20 carbon atoms and cycloalkyl radical containing from 620 carbon atoms.
  • R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing 1-3 carbon atoms and R is an alkyl radical containing from 10-18 carbon atoms.
  • the most preferred synergists are dilaurylthiodipropionate and distearylthiodipropionate.
  • the ratio of synergist to stabilizing compound should be adjusted to give the desired protection at the least cost. Mixtures containing from 1 percent synergist and 99 percent stabilizer to those containing 99 percent synergist and 1 percent stabilizer can be employed. Best results are usually obtained with stabilizing mixtures containing from to percent synergist and from 34 to 50 percent stabilizing compound.
  • the synergists can be employed to obtain increased stability using the same concentration of stabilizer or they can be employed to obtain the same stability with less of the stabilizer. Synergists are especially useful in this latter application.
  • DLTDP dilaurylthiodipropionate
  • a synergist interaction occurs, resulting in a degree of stability totally unexpected from the amount of stabilizers employed. This effect is shown in the following data obtained using the previously-described Oven Aging Test.
  • n is an integer from 1-2
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur
  • R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from l-20 carbon atoms, alkoxy radicals containing from 120 carbon atoms, aryl radicals containing from 620 carbon atoms, and aralkyl radicals containing from 7-20 carbon atoms
  • R is selected from the group consisting of alpha-branched alkyl radicals containing from 3-20 carbon atoms cyclohexyl radicals and alpha branched aralkyl radicals containing from 8-20 carbon atoms
  • R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from 1-20 carbon atoms, cyclohexyl radicals, and aralkyl radicals containing from 720 carbon atoms.
  • n 2
  • Z is oxygen
  • R is an alkoxy radical containing about 18 carbon atoms
  • R is the tert-butyl radical
  • R is the tert-butyl radical and is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical.
  • n 1, Z is oxygen, R is an alkoxy radical containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, R is the tert-butyl radical, and R is the tert-butyl radical and is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical.
  • n 1, Z is oxygen, R is an alkoxy radical containing about 18 carbon atoms, R is the tert-butyl radical, and R is the tertbutyl radical and is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical.
  • n is an integer from 1-2
  • R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from 1-20 carbon atoms, alkoxy radicals containing from 1-20 carbon atoms, aryl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms and arlykyl radicals containing from 7-20 carbon atoms.
  • n 2
  • R is a phenyl radical
  • R is the tert-butyl radical
  • R is the tert-butyl radical and is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical.

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Abstract

DIHYDROCARBYLHYDROXYPHENYL ARYL OR ALKYL PHOSPHONITES, PHOSPHONATES PHOSPHATES, PHOSPHITES, PHOSPHINATES, PHOSPHINITES, PHOSPHOROTHIONATES, AND PHOSPHINOTHIONATES ARE ANTIOXIDANTS. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THESE ANTIOXIDANTS IS ENHANCED BY USE IN COMBINATION WITH A DIHYDROCARBYLTHIODIALKANOATE SUCH AS DILAURYLTHIODIPROPIONATE (DLTDP). THE STABILIZERS ARE ESPECIALLY USEFUL IN POLYPROPYLENE.

Description

United States Patent 3,558,747 DEHYDROCARBYLHYDROXYPHENYL PHOS- PHORUS-CONTATNING ANTIOXIDANTS Bernard R. Meltsner, Royal Oak, Mich., assignor to Ethyl Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Virgmia No Drawing. Filed Jan. 30, 1967, Ser. No. 612,317 lint. Cl. B01 1/16; C07f 9/12, 9/30 U.S. Cl. 260-953 10 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE BACKGROUND This invention relates to the stabilization of organic material with phosphorus-containing antioxidants. In particular, this invention relates to the stabilization of organic material with phosphonites, phosphonates, phosphates, phosphites, phosphinites, phosphinates, phosphorothionates, phosphonothionates, and phosphinothionates containing dihydrocarbylhydroxyphenyl groups. The invention also relates to the use of these antioxidants in combination with a dihydrocarbylthiodialkanoate synergist.
Phosphorus-containing antioxidants for organic materials are known. For example, G. G. Knapp, in US. 3,155,704, issued Nov. 3, 1964, describes dialkyl(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-phosphonates that are useful as antioxidants. Also, trialkylphosphites and trialkarylphosphites have been disclosed as antioxidants.
SUMMARY An object of this invention is to provide stable organic compositions. A further object is to provide polyolefin compositions of enhanced stability. These and other objects are fulfilled by furnishing an antioxidant having the wherein n is an integer from 1-2, m is an integer from 0-1, Z is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from 1-20 carbon atoms, alkoxy radicals containing from lcarbon atoms, aryl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, and aralkyl radicals containing from 7-20 carbon atoms; R is selected from the group consisting of alpha-branched alkyl radicals containing from 3-20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, and alphabranched aralkyl radicals containing from 8-20 carbon atoms; and R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from 1-20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, and aralkyl radicals contining from 7-20 carbon atoms. These antioxidants may be used alone to stabilize organic material or in combination with a synergist having the formula:
r O l ll 3 L i o o wherein R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from about 1-6 carbon atoms, and R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, aryl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, and aralkyl radicals containing from 7-20 carbon atoms.
Some examples of compounds of Formula I (employing the nomenclature recommended by the American Chemical Society publishers in the Chemical and Engineering News, vol. 30, p. 4515, Oct. 27, 1952) include:
di(Z-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) methyl phosphite di[2-ethyl-5-(a-methylbenzyl)4-hydroxyphenyl] lauryl phosphite bis(3-methyl-5-cyclol1exyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) eicosylphosphonite bis(2-methyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) methylphosphonite bis(2-methyl-S-sec-eicosyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) eicosylphosphonite bis[3-rnethyl-5-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl] cetylphosphonite bis 2-ethyl-5-tert-octyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonite bis(3-methyl-5-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) (2,4-
di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphonite bis(Z-methyl-S-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexyl phosphate bis 3 -methyl-5- (a-methylbenzyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl] n-octadecyly phosphate bis 2, 5-diisopropyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate bis 2-methyl-5-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate bis 3-methyl-S-tert-octyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylphosphonate bis(Z-sec-eicosyl-S-sec-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) laurylphosphonate bis[3-ethyl-5-(a,m-dimethylbenzyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl] eicosylphosphonate 0,0bis (2-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexylphosphonothioate 0,0bis(2-methyl-5-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonothioate 0,0bis [3-methy1-5- (u-methylbenzyl) -4-hydroxypheny1] n-octadecylphosphonothioate 0,0bis(2,5-diisopropyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonothioate 0,0bis 2-sec-eicosyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) dodecylphosphonothioate 0,0bis(3-methyl-5-tert-octyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylphosphonothioate 0,0bis 3-ethyl-5- a,a-dimethylbenzyl -4-hydroxyphenyl] n-eicosylphosphonothioate bis(Z-methyl-S-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) heXyl phosphorothionate bis[3-methyl-5-(a-methylbenzyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl] n-octadecyl phosphorothionate Z-methyl-S-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl diphenylphosphinate 3,S-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl di-n-octadecylphosphinate 2-methyl-5-(ot-methylbenzyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl dibenzylphosphinate 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl diphenylphosphinothionate 3-methyl-5-tert-octyl-4-hydroxyphenyl dilaurylphosphinothionate 2-methyl-5-tert-hutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl dibenzylphosphonothionate 3 -methyl-S-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl diphenylphosphinite 3-methyl-5-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl di-sec-eicosylphosphinite 2-methyl-5- a-methylbenzyl -4-hydroxyphenyl di 2,5 -ditert-butylbenzyl phosphinite.
In a preferred embodiment, R in Formula I is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl group. Examples of these compounds are:
di (3 -methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) cetyl phosphite bis(3-ethyl-5-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonite 3-methyl-5- ot-methylb enzyl -4-hydroxyphenyl dilauryl phosphate 0- 3-methyl-5 -sec-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) dioctadecylphosphinothioate.
In a more preferred embodiment, R in Formula I is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical and is selected from the same group as R that is, alpha-branched alkyl radicals containing from 312 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals containing from 620 carbon atoms, and alpha-branched aralkyl radicals containing from 820 carbon atoms. Some examples of these are:
3,S-diisopropyl-4-hydroxyphenyl dioctadecyl phosphite 3,5-di(a-methylbenzyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl diphenylphosphinate bis(3,S-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexyl phosphorothionate bis(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate.
In a highly preferred embodiment, R in Formula I is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical and both R and R are tert-butyl radicals. Examples of these highly preferred embodiments are:
bis(3,S-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonite bis(3,S-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) octadecyl phosphate 3,S-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl dilauryl phosphorothionate.
The compounds of this invention are readily prepared by methods known in the art. One such method is the reaction of the appropriate phosphonic, phosphinic, phosphonous, or phosphinous halide with a hydroquinone. For example, the reaction of phenylphosphonous dichloride with 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone yields bis(3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonite. Likewise, the reaction of ethylphosphonous dichloride with 2-tert-butyl- S-methylhydroquinone yields bis(Z-methyl-S-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl) ethylphosphonite. Still other compounds used in this invention wherein R is an alkoxy radical can be prepared from the corresponding alkylphosphoro chlorodite. For example, the reaction of didodecylphosphoro chlorodite with 2,6 di tert-butylhydroquinone yields 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl didodecyl phosphite. The corresponding phosphates, phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphonothioates, phosphorothioates, and phosphinothioates can be prepared by using the appropriate oxygenated or thio phosphorous halide reactant. For example, the reaction of phenylphosphonic dichloride with 4 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone yields bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate. An especially useful method of preparing the thio analog is by the direct reaction of sulfur with the phosphite, phosphonite, or phosphinite. The following examples serve to illustrate the synthesis procedure. All parts are parts by weight unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE 1 In a reaction vessel equipped with stirrer, liquid addition means, thermometer, condenser, heating means, cooling means and provided with a nitrogen atmosphere place 21 parts of diethyl ether, 4.3 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone and 1.96 parts of triethylamine. While stirring, add a solution of 1.73 parts of phenylphosphonous dichloride in 15 parts of ether over a period of 30 minutes of 10-20 C. Allow to stir an additional hour and then filter off the triethylamine hydrochloride which pre cipitates. The product is recovered by evaporating the filtrate and recrystallizing the residue from a solution containing 32 parts of methanol and 10 parts of water. Bis- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonite is obtained as a white crystalline product.
EXAMPLE 2 To the reaction vessel of Example 1 add 71 parts of diethyl ether, 8.6 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone and 3.9 parts of triethylamine. While stirring, add a solution of 3.78 parts of phenylphosphonic dichloride in 20 parts of diethyl ether over a period of 30 minutes at 10- 20 C. Stir the mixture 2 hours at room temperature and then filter off the triethylamine hydrochloride precipitate. Wash the filtrate with water and dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporate the ether and recrystallize the residue from 32 parts of methanol. The product is identified by infrared as bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate.
The analogous thio compound can be prepared following the above procedure by the use of phenylphosphonothionic dichloride.
EXAMPLE 3 To the reaction vessel of Example 1 add 200 parts of isooctane, 53 parts of di-n-octadecylphosphonochlorodite and 10 parts of triethylamine. While stirring the mixture, at 2030 C., add a solution of 22.2 parts of 2,6-di-tertbutylhydroquinone in 200 parts of isooctane. Heat the mixture to 50 C. and stir at this temperature for 4 hours. Filter and wash the filtrate with water. Distill oif the isooctane at 5 0 C. under vacuum and recrystallize the product, 3,S-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl di-n-octadecylphosphite, from ethanol.
EXAMPLE 4 To the reaction vessel of Example 1 add 1000 parts of isooctane and 360 parts of 2-tert-butyl-S-methylhydroquinone. Then, while stirring, add 117 parts of methylphosphonous dichloride dissolved in 300 parts of isooctane. Stir the mixture and heat to reflux. Stir at this temperature for one hour and then cool to 30 C. Wash twice with water. Distill off the isooctane to a temperature of 50 C. at 10 mm. and then recrystallize the residue from ethanol, obtaining bis(Z-methyl-S-tert-butyl 4 hydroxyphenyl) methylphosphonite.
Other alkyl phosphonous dichlorides can be used in the above example yielding the corresponding alkyl phosphonite.
EXAMPLE 5 In the reaction vessel of Example 1 place 211 parts of phenylphosphonothioic dichloride and 1000 parts of hexane. Over a 30 minute period, while stirring, add 636 parts of 2,6-di(a-methylbenzyl)hydroquinone dissolved in 2500 parts of hexane. Heat to reflux and maintain at reflux for 4 hours. Cool and wash once with a 5 percent sodium carbonate solution and twice with water. Evaporate off the hexane, leaving as a residue, 0,0-bis[3,5-di
(a-methylbenzyl) -4hydroxyphenyl] phenylphosphonothioate.
In a similar manner, other phosphonothioic dichlorides and hydroquinones can be utilized in the above example to obtain a variety of compounds within the present invention.
EXAMPLE 6 In the reaction vessel of Example 1 place 548 parts of 2,6-dicyclohexylhydroquinone and 1000 parts of diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether. To this add 294 parts of lauryl phosphorodichloridothionate dissolved in 600 parts of diethyleneglycol dirnethyl ether, while stirring at 50 C. Heat to 100 C. and stir one hour. Cool and add 1000 parts of water. Decant off the aqueous glycol ether layer and recrystallize the residue from ethanol to obtain di(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) lauryl phosphorothionate.
EXAMPLE 7 In the reaction vessel of Example 1 place 621 parts of dioctadecylphosphorochlorodate and 2000 parts of diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether. While stirring at 3050 C., add 222 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone over a one hour period. Heat to 75 C. and stir for an additional 2 hours. Cool to room temperature and add 1000 parts of water, causing the product, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl dioctadecyl phosphate, to precipitate.
EXAMPLE 8 In the reaction vessel of Example 1 place 236.5 parts of diphenylphosphinic chloride and 1000 parts of isooctane. To this add, while stirring at 50 C., a solution of 274 parts of 2,6-dichlohexylhydroquinone, 1000 parts of isooctane and 89 parts of triethylamine. The addition takes about one hour. Stir the mixture at 5070 C. for an additional 4 hours. Cool to room temperature and filter to remove the triethylamine hydrochloride and wash the filtrate with water. Dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporate the isooctane under vacuum, leaving 3,5- dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl diphenylphosphinate.
EXAMPLE 9 To the reaction vessel of Example 1 add 404.5 parts of dilaurylphosphinous chloride and 2000 parts of diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether. While stirring at 50 C., add, over a 30 minute period, 318 parts of 2,6-di(a-methylbenzyl) hydroquinone dissolved in 1000 parts of diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether. Heat to 100 C. and stir for 4 hours. Cool to room temperature and add 1500 parts of water, causing the product, 3,5-di(amethylbenzyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl dilaurylphosphinite, to precipitate.
The compounds of this invention are useful as antioxidants in a wide variety of organic material normally susceptible to deterioration in the presence of oxygen. Thus, liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, kerosene and fuel oil are found to posses increased storage stability when blended with a stabilizing quantity of an additive of this invention. Likewise, hydrocarbon fuels containing organometallic additives such as tetraethyllead, tetramethyllead, methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, cyclopentadienyl nickel nitrosyl, ferrocene and iron carbonyl have appreciably increased stability when treated with the additives of this invention. Furthermore, lubricating oils and functional fluids, both those derived from naturally occurring hydrocarbons and those synthetically prepared, have enhanced stability by the practice of this invention. The additives of this invention are useful in stabilizing antiknock fluids against oxidative degradation. For example, the stabilizing additives of this invention find utility in stability a tetraethyllead antiknock fluid which contains ethylenedichloride and ethylenedibromide.
The additives of this invention are effective in stabilizing rubber against degradation caused by oxygen or ozone. As used in the description and claims, the term rubber is employed in a generic sense to define a high molecular weight plastic material which possesses high extensibility under load coupled with the property of forcibly retracting to approximately its original size and shape after the load is removed. Some examples are acrylic rubber, butadienestyrene rubber (SBR), chloroprene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, fluorocarbon rubbers, isobutylene-isoprene (IIR), isoprene, butadiene, nitrile-butadiene rubber, polyisobutylene rubber, polysulfide rubbers, silicone rubbers, urethanes, India rubber, reclaimed rubber, balata rubber, gutta percha rubber, and the like. Both natural rubber and synthetic rubbers such as neoprene, SBR rubber, EPT rubber, GR-N rubber, chloroprene rubber, polyisoprene rub ber, EPR rubber, and the like, are stabilized through the practice of this invention.
The compounds of this invention are also useful in protecting petroleum wax against degradation. The additives also find use in the stabilization of fats and oils of animal and vegetable origin which tend to become rancid during long periods of storage because of oxidative deterioration. Typical representatives of these edible fats and oils are linseed oil, cod liver oil, castor oil, soy bean oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, olive oil, palm oil, corn oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, babassu oil, butter, lard, beef tallow, and the like.
The compounds of this invention are superior antioxidants for high molecular weight polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene (both high pressure and so-called Ziegler type), polybutene, polybutadiene (both cis and trans), and the like.
One of the features of the present stabilizers is that they do not cause discoloration when used in transparent, white, or light-colored organic materials such as white rubber or plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like.
The amount of stabilizer used in the organic compositions of this invention is not critical, as long as a stabilizing quantity is present, and can very from as little as 0.001 weight percent to about 5 weight percent. Generally. excellent results are obtained when from 0.1 to about 3 weight percent of the stabilizer is included in the organic compositions.
The following examples serve to illustrate the use of the stabilizers of the present invention in stabilizing some representative organic materials normally subject to deterioration in the presence of oxygen or ozone.
EXAMPLE 10 A rubber stock is prepared containing the following components.
Component: Parts Pale crepe rubber 100 Zinc oxide filler 50 Titanium dioxide Stearic acid 2 Ultramarine blue 0.12 Sulfur 3.00 Mercaptobenzothiazole 1.00
To the above base formula is added one part by weight of bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonite and, following this, individual samples are cured for 20, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively, at 274 C. After cure, all of these samples remain white in color and posses eX- cellent tensile strength. Furthermore, they are resistant to degradation caused by either oxygen or ozone on aging.
EXAMPLE 11 A synthetic rubber master batch comprising 100 parts of GR-S rubber having an average molecular weight of 60,000, parts of mixed zinc propionate-sterate, 50 parts of carbon black, 5 parts of road tar, 2 parts of sulfur and 1.5 parts of mercaptobenzothiazole is prepared. To this is added 1.5 parts of dilZ-ethyLS-(a-rnethylbenzyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl] laurylphosphite. This composition is then cured for minutes employing 45 p.s.i.g. steam pressure. The resulting synthetic rubber possesses resistance to oxygen and ozone induced degradation.
EXAMPLE 12 A butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer is prepared from 68 percent 1,4-butadiene and 32 percent acrylonitrile. Two percent, based on the weight of the copolymer, of bis(3-methyl-5-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenol) eicosylphosphonite is added as an aqueous emulsion to the latex obtained from emulsion copolymerization of the butadiene and acrylonitrile monomers. The latex is coagulated with aluminum sulfate and the coagulum, after washing, is dried for 20 hours at 70 C. The synthetic copolymer so obtained is resistant to oxidative degradation.
EXAMPLE 13 Three percent of bis(2-methyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) methylphosphonite as an emulsion in sodium oleate is added to a rubber-like copolymer of 1,3-butadiene and styrene containing 25 percent styrene. The resulting synthetic elastomer possesses enhanced stability.
EXAMPLE 14 To a master batch of GR-N synthetic rubber containing 100 parts of GR-N rubber, parts of zinc stearate, 50 parts of carbon black, 5 parts of road tar, 2 parts of sulfur and 2 parts of mercaptobenzothiazole is added 5 percent, based on weight, of bis(3-methyl-5-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphonite. After curing, a synthetic rubber is obtained of improved oxidative stability.
EXAMPLE 15 To a master batch of polyethylene having an average molecular weight of 1,000,000, a tensile strength of 6,700 p.s.i., a Shore D hardness of 74 and a softening temperature under low load of 150 C. is added 5 percent of bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4 hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate. The resulting polyethylene possesses stability against oxidative degradation and shows no tendency to yellow after extensive aging.
EXAMPLE 16 A linear polyethylene having a high degree of crystallinity (93 percent), and less than one branched chain per 100 carbon atoms, a density of about 0.96 gram per ml. and which has about 1.5 double bonds per 100 carbon atoms, is mixed with 0.005 weight percent of bis [3-methyl- 5- wmethylbenzyl -4-hydroxyphenyl] n-octadecyl phosphate. The resulting polyethylene is found to possess stability against oxidative degradation.
EXAMPLE 17 To 100 parts of an ethylenepropylene terpolymer is added bis(2,5-diisopropyl 4 hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate, resulting in an ethylenepropylene terpolymer of enhanced stability.
EXAMPLE 18 To 100 parts of an ethylenepropylene rubber is added 2 parts of bis(3-methyl-5-tert-octyl-4 hydroxyphenyl) ethylphosphonate, resulting in an EPR rubber stock of improved stability.
EXAMPLE 19 EXAMPLE 20 To 1,000 parts of gasoline containing 26.6 percent aromatics, 20.8 percent olefins, 52.6 percent saturates and having an API gravity of 62.1 is added 10 parts of 0,0- bis(2-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4 hydroxyphenyl) hexylphosphonothioate. The resulting gasoline is stable.
EXAMPLE 21 To 10,000 parts of gasoline containing 8.6 percent aromatics, 7.9 percent olefins, 83.5 percent saturates and having an API gravity of 68.5 is added 200 parts of 0,0- bis(2-methyl-5-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonothioate. The resulting gasoline is stable against 0 oxidative degradation.
EXAMPLE 22 To 10,000 parts of a gasoline containing 20.0 percent aromatics, 41.2 percent olefins, 38.8 percent saturates and containing additionally 1.5 grams of manganese per gallon as methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl is added 300 parts of 0,0bis[3-methyl-5-(et-methylbenzyl)- 4-hydroxyphenyl] n-octadecylphosphonothioate. The resulting gasoline containing a manganese antiknock Was resistant to oxidative degradation.
EXAMPLE 23 To 10,000 parts of a gasoline containing 20.5 percent aromatics, 32.9 percent olefins and 46.6 percent saturates and containing 2.39 grams per gallon of tetraethyllead and one theory of chlorine as ethylenedichloride and 0.5 theory of bromine as ethylenedibromide is added 500 parts of 0,0-bis(2,5-diisopropyl 4 hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonothioate. The resulting gasoline containing a lead antiknock and halogen scavenger is resistant to oxidative degradation. Not only this, but it is also found when used to give prolonged spark plug life due to the presence of the phosphorus-containing antioxidant.
EXAMPLE 24 To 10,000 parts of gasoline containing 38.1 percent aromatics, 7.3 percent olefins and 54.6 percent saturates and which contains 3.17 grams per gallon of lead as tetramethyllead, one theory of chlorine as ethylenedichloride, 0.5 theory of bromine as ethylenedibromide and 0.2 theory of phosphorus as tris(,8-chloroisopropyl)thionophosphate is added 50 parts of 0,0-bis(2-sec-eicosy1-5 tert-butyl-4 hydroxyphenyl) dodecylphosphonothioate. The resulting gasoline is resistant to degradation and gives prolonged spark plug life on use.
EXAMPLE 25 An antiknock fluid composition is prepared by mixing together 61.5 parts of tetraethyllead, 17.9 parts of ethylenedibromide, 18.8 parts of ethylenedichloride and 1.3 parts of 0,0-bis(3-methyl-5-tert-octyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylphosphonothioate, resulting in a stable antiknock fluid composition.
EXAMPLE 26 To 1,000 parts of a commercial diesel fuel having a cetane number of 42, is added 5 parts of amyl nitrate and 4 parts of 0,0-bis[3 ethyl-5-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-4-hy droxyphenyl] n-eicosylphosphonothioate, resulting in a diesel fuel of high resistance to oxidative deterioration which does not form gum or sludge on storage.
EXAMPLE 27 To 1,000 parts of a solvent-refined neutral oil viscosity index and 200 SUS at F.) containing 6 percent of a commercial methacrylate type VI improver is added 5 percent of bis[3-methyl-5-(a-methylbenzyl)-4 hydroxyphenyl] n-octadecyl phosphorothionate, resulting in a sta ble lubricating oil.
9 EXAMPLE 28 To a solvent-refined crankcase lubricating oil having a viscosity index of 95 and a SAE viscosity of is added 0.1 percent of 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl dilauryl phosphorothionate. The resulting oil was stable against oxidative degradation.
EXAMPLE 29 To 100,000 parts of a petroleum hydrocarbon oil having a gravity of 30.3 API at 60 F., viscosity of 178. SUS at 100 F., a viscosity index of 154.2, and containing 1,000 parts of the reaction product of an alkenyl succinic anhydride where the alkenyl group has a molecular weight of 1,000, with a tetraethylene pentaarnine, is added 200 parts of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl di-noctadecylphosphinate. The resulting lubricating oil possesses excellent dispersancy and is resistant to oxidative degradation.
EXAMPLE 30 To 100,000 parts of a commercially available pentaerythritol ester having a viscosity at 100 F. of 22.4 centistokes and known under the trade name of Hercofiex 600 is added 400 parts of 3-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl diphenylphosphinite. The resulting synthetic lubricating oil possesses improved resistance against oxidative deterioration.
EXAMPLE 31 To 100,000 parts of dioctyl sebacate having a viscosity at 210 F. of 36.7 SUS, a viscosity index of 159, and a molecular weight of 427, is added 250 parts of 3,5-diisopropyl-4-hydroxyphenyl dioctadecyl phosphite, resulting in a synthetic diester lubricating oil having improved resistance to oxidative degradation.
EXAMPLE 32 To 1,000 parts of a commercial coconut oil is added 5 parts of 3-methyl-5-tert-octayl-4-hydroxyphenyl dilaurylphosphinothionate, resulting in a vegetable oil with good aging characteristics.
EXAMPLE 33 To 100,00 parts of lard is added 100 parts of Z-methyl- 5 tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl dibenzylphosphinothionate, resulting in a lard having resistance to rancidity.
The stabilizing additives of this invention are eminently useful as stabilizers in polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like. In this use they function as antioxidants, antiozonants, and also as thermal stabilizers. They are extremely long lasting and highly resistant to the formation of color.
In order to demonstrate their superior stabilization effect tests were conducted using a commercial polypropylene. These tests are known as Oven Aging Tests and are recognized in the plastic industry as an accurate guide to oxidative stability. In these tests small specimens of polypropylene are prepared containing the test stabilizer. These test specimens are placed in an air circulating oven maintained at 150 C. Five replicates are made of each polypropylene-stabilizer composition and the test criteria is the time and hours until three of the five replicates show signs of deterioration. Deterioration is evidenced by cracking, discoloration or any visual appearance of change in the specimen.
Test specimens are prepared by mixing the test stabilizers with polypropylene powder for 3 minutes in a Waring Blender. The mixture is then molded into a 6" x 6" sheet with a thickness of 0.025. This accomplished in a molding press at 400 F. under 5,000 p.s.i. pressure. Each sheet is then cut into /2 x 1" test specimens in order to obtain the five replicate samples. These samples are then subjected to the Oven Aging Tests.
In order to compare the stabilizing additive of this invention tests were carried out employing several commercially accepted stabilizers along with stabilizers of the present invention. The results obtained are shown in the following table.
Coueen- Hours tration to Additive (Wt. percent) failure None l. 5 2, G-di-tert-butyl-t-inethylplienol 0. 3 10 2, 2n1ethylenebis-(4-methyl-0-te tylphenol) 0.3 112 4, 4-rhiobis(2tertJJutfl-S-methylphenol) 0. 3 J0 Bist3,5-di-tert-butyl-t-hydroxyphenyl) phenylpllosphonite 0.3 (00 Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-l-liydroxyplienyl) plienylphosphouate 0.3 700 As the above table shows. the additive of the present invention increase the oven life of the polypropylene about 250 times that obtained without any additive, an about 5 to 7 times as much as the life obtained with two commercially accepted antioxidants. Thus, it can be seen that the additives of the present invention are vastly superior to stabilizers available in the prior art.
The effectiveness of the present stabilizers can be enhanced still further by employing synergistic mixtures of the stabilizers of this invention. The preferred synergists are those having the formula:
wherein R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from about 1-6 carbon atoms, R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from about 6-20 carbon atoms, aryl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, aralkyl radicals containing from 7-20 carbon atoms and cycloalkyl radical containing from 620 carbon atoms. In the preferred synergist R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing 1-3 carbon atoms and R is an alkyl radical containing from 10-18 carbon atoms. The most preferred synergists are dilaurylthiodipropionate and distearylthiodipropionate.
The ratio of synergist to stabilizing compound should be adjusted to give the desired protection at the least cost. Mixtures containing from 1 percent synergist and 99 percent stabilizer to those containing 99 percent synergist and 1 percent stabilizer can be employed. Best results are usually obtained with stabilizing mixtures containing from to percent synergist and from 34 to 50 percent stabilizing compound.
The synergists can be employed to obtain increased stability using the same concentration of stabilizer or they can be employed to obtain the same stability with less of the stabilizer. Synergists are especially useful in this latter application. Thus, although dilaurylthiodipropionate (DLTDP) is only moderately effective by itself in stabilizing polypropylene, when used with a compound of the present invention a synergist interaction occurs, resulting in a degree of stability totally unexpected from the amount of stabilizers employed. This effect is shown in the following data obtained using the previously-described Oven Aging Test.
plus dilauryltltiodipropionato.
Despite the fact that Sample 4 and 6 containing the synergist contained only one-third as much stabilizer as did Samples 3 and 5, it can be seen that they exhibited an 11 even longer oven aging life. This can only be attributed to a synergistic interaction between DLTDP and the stabilizer because DLTDP alone, even at 0.3 weight percent (Sample 2), only gave an oven life of 288 hours.
Following are some examples of the synergistic stabilizing compositions of the present invention.
33%di[2-ethyl-5-(a-methylbenzyl)4- hydroxyphenyl] lauryl phospite 67 dilaurylthiodipropion ate 50 bis 2methyl5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) methylpho sphonite 0 dihexylthiodiacetate 1 %bis 3methyl-5 amethylbenzyl 4-hydroxyphenyl] n-octadecyl phosphate 99 diheptylthiodivalerate 99 0,0-bis 2-methyl-5-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonothioate 1 di-n-octyl-thiodipropionate 75 bis 3-methyl-5- a-methylbenzyl) 4-hydroxyphenyl] n-octadecyl phosphorothionate didecylthiodiacetate 25 3,5di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl di-noctadecylpho sphinate 75 diundecylthiodibutyrate 25 %3methyl-5-tert-octyl-4-hydroxyphenyl dilaurylphosphinothionate 75 %dioctadecylthiodipropionate 80 %3methyl-Stert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl diphenylphosphinite 20% dinonadecylthiodibutyrate 60%3,5-diisopropyl-4hydroxyphenyl dioctadecyl phosphite 40 %dieicosylthiodipropionate 10% bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonite 90 dilaurylthiodipropionate 90 bis 3 ,5 di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate 10 dilaurylthiodipropionate %bis( 3,5 -ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) octadecylphosphate 70 distearylthiodipropionate The above synergistic stabilizer compositions are beneficially employed in any of the previously-described organic materials normally susceptible to deterioration due to the effect of oxygen or ozone. In Examples 10 through 33, each of the above synergistic compositions can be substituted for the stabilizing compound of the present invention now shown, resulting in an organic composition of increased resistance to degradation from the efiects of oxygen or ozone.
Having fully described new compositions of matter eminently useful in stabilizing organic materials and having further described synergistic combinations of these stabilizers with sulfur compounds and further shown use of these combinations in stabilizing organic material, it is intended that this invention should be limited only within the spirit and scope of the following claims.
What is claimed is:
1. An antioxidant compound having the formula:
wherein n is an integer from 1-2, Z is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from l-20 carbon atoms, alkoxy radicals containing from 120 carbon atoms, aryl radicals containing from 620 carbon atoms, and aralkyl radicals containing from 7-20 carbon atoms; R is selected from the group consisting of alpha-branched alkyl radicals containing from 3-20 carbon atoms cyclohexyl radicals and alpha branched aralkyl radicals containing from 8-20 carbon atoms; and R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from 1-20 carbon atoms, cyclohexyl radicals, and aralkyl radicals containing from 720 carbon atoms.
2. An antioxidant compound of claim 1 wherein n is 2, Z is oxygen, R is an alkoxy radical containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, R is the tert-butyl radical and R is the tert-butyl radical and is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical.
3. The compound of claim 1 wherein n is 2, Z is oxygen, R is an alkoxy radical containing about 18 carbon atoms, R is the tert-butyl radical, and R is the tert-butyl radical and is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical.
4. The compound of claim 1 wherein n is 1, Z is oxygen, R is an alkoxy radical containing from 6-20 carbon atoms, R is the tert-butyl radical, and R is the tert-butyl radical and is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical.
5. The compound of claim 1 wherein n is 2, Z is oxygen R is phenyl radical, R is the tert-butyl radical, and R is the tert-butyl radical and is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical.
6. The compound of claim 1 wherein n is 1, Z is oxygen, R is an alkoxy radical containing about 18 carbon atoms, R is the tert-butyl radical, and R is the tertbutyl radical and is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical.
7. An antioxidant compound having the formula:
Ha)a wherein n is an integer from 1-2, and R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from 1-20 carbon atoms, alkoxy radicals containing from 1-20 carbon atoms, aryl radicals containing from 6-20 carbon atoms and arlykyl radicals containing from 7-20 carbon atoms.
8. An antioxidant compound of claim 7 wherein n is 2, R is an alkoxy radical containing from 6 20 carbon atoms.
9. An antioxidant compound of claim 8 wherein said alkoxy radical contains about 18 carbon atoms.
10. The compound of claim 7 wherein n is 2, R is a phenyl radical, R is the tert-butyl radical, and R is the tert-butyl radical and is bonded to the phenolic benzene ring at the position ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl radical.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,017,422 1/1962 Thompson 260953 3,361,846 1/1968 Gleim et al 260-953 3,467,735 9/1969 Hunter 260-953 CHARLES B. PARKER, Primary Examiner A. H. SUTTO, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
P0405" UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 569 CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 5 55 7 7 Dated January 97 hwenmt-(g) Bernard R. Meltsner It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
r- Column 5, line 32, dichlohexylhydroquinone" should read dicyclohexylhydroquinone Column 10, line &5, "60" should read 66 Column 12, Claim 5, line 50, insert "a" before phen'yl"; Claim 7, line 51, "arlykyl" should reac arelkyl Signed and sealed this 18th day of May, 1971.
(SEAL) Attest:
EDWARD M.F'LETCHER, JR. WILLIAM E. SCHUYLER, JR. Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents
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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3671434A (en) * 1970-08-21 1972-06-20 Exxon Research Engineering Co Quinone phosphates as lubricant additives
US5064886A (en) * 1985-09-16 1991-11-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Dithiophosphonates, their preparation and use as anti-oxidants
EP0600373A1 (en) * 1992-12-03 1994-06-08 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Alkyl-arylesters of arylphosphonous acid process for their preparation and their use
WO1998018802A1 (en) * 1996-10-31 1998-05-07 Akzo Nobel N.V. Process for making monohydroxy-terminated phosphate compositions
WO2005061665A2 (en) 2003-12-19 2005-07-07 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Systems and methods of producing a crude product
CN104004017A (en) * 2014-06-17 2014-08-27 青岛职业技术学院 Diphenylphosphine cumyl phenolic ester and synthetic method thereof
US9061273B2 (en) 2008-03-26 2015-06-23 Auterra, Inc. Sulfoxidation catalysts and methods and systems of using same
US9206359B2 (en) 2008-03-26 2015-12-08 Auterra, Inc. Methods for upgrading of contaminated hydrocarbon streams
US9512151B2 (en) 2007-05-03 2016-12-06 Auterra, Inc. Product containing monomer and polymers of titanyls and methods for making same
US9828557B2 (en) 2010-09-22 2017-11-28 Auterra, Inc. Reaction system, methods and products therefrom
US10246647B2 (en) 2015-03-26 2019-04-02 Auterra, Inc. Adsorbents and methods of use
US10450516B2 (en) 2016-03-08 2019-10-22 Auterra, Inc. Catalytic caustic desulfonylation
CN111057103A (en) * 2018-10-16 2020-04-24 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Thiophosphonate compound and preparation method and application thereof

Cited By (19)

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US3671434A (en) * 1970-08-21 1972-06-20 Exxon Research Engineering Co Quinone phosphates as lubricant additives
US5064886A (en) * 1985-09-16 1991-11-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Dithiophosphonates, their preparation and use as anti-oxidants
EP0600373A1 (en) * 1992-12-03 1994-06-08 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Alkyl-arylesters of arylphosphonous acid process for their preparation and their use
US5498741A (en) * 1992-12-03 1996-03-12 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Alkyl aryl arylphosphonites, process for the preparation thereof and use thereof
WO1998018802A1 (en) * 1996-10-31 1998-05-07 Akzo Nobel N.V. Process for making monohydroxy-terminated phosphate compositions
WO2005061665A2 (en) 2003-12-19 2005-07-07 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Systems and methods of producing a crude product
WO2005063675A2 (en) 2003-12-19 2005-07-14 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Systems and methods of producing a crude product
WO2005066304A2 (en) 2003-12-19 2005-07-21 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Systems and methods of producing a crude product
US9512151B2 (en) 2007-05-03 2016-12-06 Auterra, Inc. Product containing monomer and polymers of titanyls and methods for making same
US9061273B2 (en) 2008-03-26 2015-06-23 Auterra, Inc. Sulfoxidation catalysts and methods and systems of using same
US9206359B2 (en) 2008-03-26 2015-12-08 Auterra, Inc. Methods for upgrading of contaminated hydrocarbon streams
US9828557B2 (en) 2010-09-22 2017-11-28 Auterra, Inc. Reaction system, methods and products therefrom
CN104004017A (en) * 2014-06-17 2014-08-27 青岛职业技术学院 Diphenylphosphine cumyl phenolic ester and synthetic method thereof
CN104004017B (en) * 2014-06-17 2017-02-01 青岛职业技术学院 Diphenylphosphine cumyl phenolic ester and synthetic method thereof
US10246647B2 (en) 2015-03-26 2019-04-02 Auterra, Inc. Adsorbents and methods of use
US10450516B2 (en) 2016-03-08 2019-10-22 Auterra, Inc. Catalytic caustic desulfonylation
US11008522B2 (en) 2016-03-08 2021-05-18 Auterra, Inc. Catalytic caustic desulfonylation
CN111057103A (en) * 2018-10-16 2020-04-24 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Thiophosphonate compound and preparation method and application thereof
CN111057103B (en) * 2018-10-16 2023-03-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Thiophosphonate compound and preparation method and application thereof

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