US3557760A - Vapor generator organization utilizing liquid metal or molten salts - Google Patents

Vapor generator organization utilizing liquid metal or molten salts Download PDF

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Publication number
US3557760A
US3557760A US753185A US3557760DA US3557760A US 3557760 A US3557760 A US 3557760A US 753185 A US753185 A US 753185A US 3557760D A US3557760D A US 3557760DA US 3557760 A US3557760 A US 3557760A
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Prior art keywords
tube
vapor
inlet
heating medium
heat exchange
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US753185A
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English (en)
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Nicholas D Romanos
Brice W Kinyon
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/026—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled and formed by bent members, e.g. plates, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • F22B1/063—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/12—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically the surrounding tube being closed at one end, e.g. return type

Definitions

  • the tube bundle comprises a plurality of pressure tubes, each one having inserted therewithin, for a length less than the overall pressure tube length, a bayonet tube arrangement.
  • Vaporizable liquid is passed through each bayonet tube arrangement to be vaporized by steam flowing in the annulus formed between the bayonet tube arrangement and its respective pressure tube.
  • the portion of the annulus surrounding the bayonet tube arrangement acts as a low temperature superheater section in which the steam is superheated to a temperature intermediate the temperature of the heating medium and the saturation temperature of the vaporizable liquid, the steam serving as an intermediate heating medium between the primary heating medium and the vaporizing liquid. Additional superheating of the vapor to the final temperature takes place within the pressure tubes over that portion of the length thereof in which the respective bayonet tube arrangements do not extend.
  • NICHOLAS D. ROMANOS BRICE W. KINYON AT TORN EY BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In certain heat exchange applications where adverse chemi- 5 cal reactions would occur upon direct fluid contact, it is necessary to transfer heat from a heating medium to a medium to be heated without the intermixing thereof. This indirect heat exchange is accomplished by passing the mediums along opposite sides of a heating surface which provides an effective heat flow path from one medium to the other.
  • a typical example of a heat exchanger operating on the indirect heat exchange principle is the tube-and-shell arrangement.
  • Vapor generating organizations using high temperature liquid metal or molten salts as the heating medium and water as the medium to be heated would be particularly subject to the above-noted intermixing problem.
  • intermixing of alkali liquid metals and water or molten salts and water produces violent reactions.
  • Organizations using such fluids are, however, becoming more common in view of the increased interest in liquid metals and molten salts for use as coolants in neutronic reactors to permit an increase in the operating temperature thereof in order to improve efficiency.
  • the saturation temperature of the water may be 500 F. to 600 F. while the liquid metal or molten salt temperature may be in excess of 1,000 F.
  • This differential temperature results in sharp temperature gradients and high thermal stresses in the pressure parts of the heat exchange arrangement.
  • certain desirable molten salts as the heating medium, there exists the possibility of the freezing thereof in the feedwater inlet and evaporation sections of the pressure tubes. This is due to the fact that the saturation temperature of the water is below the solidification temperature of the salts.
  • a vapor generator organization is provided with a tube bundle located within a shell which receives a high temperature liquid metal or molten salt as the heating medium.
  • the tube bundle is made up of a plurality of pressure tubes each having a bayonet tube arrangement extending concentrically thereinto for a distance less than the overall pressure tube length.
  • the bayonet tube arrangement is made up of an outer tubular member closed at one end having, extending concentrically therewithin from the open end, a central internal tube.
  • Vaporizable liquid such as water
  • the water is vaporized during its downward pass by steam flowing in the flow annuli formed between the bayonet tube arrangements and their respective pressure tubes; the steam, in turn, is heated by the liquid metal or molten salt heating medium.
  • the steam therefore, serves as an intermediate heat transfer medium between the primary heating medium and the vaporizable-liquid.
  • the properties of the steam being a vapor or gas, are such that the heat'transfer rates from the pressure tube walls do not produce the sharp temperature gradients and resulting extreme thermal stresses.
  • the problem of freezing is eliminated.
  • High temperature superheating of the steam takes place within the pressure tubes over that portion of the length thereof in which the respective bayonet tube arrangements do not extend.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional elevation of a vapor generator organization embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation of a typical tube arrangement of the present invention.
  • numeral 10 designates a steam generator organization oriented vertically on a support means 12.
  • the organization 10 comprises an upper shell 14 and a lower shell 16.
  • the upper shell 14 is capped by a closure head 15 forming a collection chamber 18 having a collection chamber outlet 20.
  • Expansion means (not shown) may be employed with the closure head 15 to allow for differential expansion.
  • a heat exchange chamber 22 provided with at least one heating medium inlet 24 and at least one heating medium outlet 26.
  • the evaporator inlet plenum 28 is formed by a cylindrical vessel 29 closed at its top portion by a tube sheet 62.
  • the evaporator outlet plenum 30 is formed by wall means 31 having portions 32 for mounting of vapor separators 74 of any well-known design.
  • a drying screen 76 is mounted above the separators.
  • Tube-sheets 58 and 52 serve to close the upper 40 and lower sides, respectively, of the evaporator outlet plenum 30.
  • the downtake plenum 33 is formed by the lower head closure 34 capping the lower shell 16.
  • the lower shell 16 has a feedwater inlet 35 connected to a feedwater distributor 36 in the form of a ring header having liquid discharge openings 37, from which feedwater is admitted to the lower shell and downtake plenum.
  • a feedwater distributor 36 in the form of a ring header having liquid discharge openings 37, from which feedwater is admitted to the lower shell and downtake plenum.
  • a recirculation outlet nozzle 38 connected to a recirculation inlet nozzle 40 by means of a recirculating line 41.
  • Inlet nozzle 40 connects with the evaporator inlet plenum 28 by means of flow conduit 44.
  • Feedwater in the downtake plenum 33 is recirculated from the outlet nozzle 38 to the inlet nozzle 40 and evaporator inlet plenum 28 by means of a recirculation pump 42.
  • a tube bundle comprising a plurality of pressure tubes 46 connected between an upper tube sheet 48 and a lower tube sheet 50, the tubes 46 being in fluid communication with the lower shell 16 and the collection chamber 18. While only several tubes have been shown for simplicity, it should be understood that the tube bundle may in fact have as many as 2000 pressure tubes.
  • the upper tube sheet 48 which extends laterally of and is secured to the wall of the upper shell 14 serves to separate the heat exchange chamber 22 from the collection chamber 18; the lower tube sheet 50 is connected to the upper shell 14 and separates it from the lower shell 16.
  • Support means 52 serve to brace the pressure tubes 46 at several points between the tube sheets 48 and 50, and are of such configuration to permit axial flow of the heating medium along the tube length.
  • a vertically elongated, cylindrical flow guiding baffle 54 surrounds the pressure tubes 46. Also within the heat exchange chamber 22 are baffles 72, and 82 for the purposes to be described hereinbelow.
  • Each pressure tube 46 has an internal bore 46'. Extending within the bore 46' for a portion of the length thereof is a bayonet tube arrangement. The arrangement includes an outer portion 56 and a concentric central internal tube portion 60. The outer tube 56, connected to the evaporator outlet plenum tube sheet 58 at one end (top of the evaporator outlet plenum 30) and closed at the other, has an internal bore 56'. The central internal tube portion 60, with one end extending within bore 56' of the outer tube portion 56, is connected at the other end to the evaporator inlet plenum tube sheet 62 (top of the evaporator inlet plenum 28).
  • the central tube portion 60 has an internal bore 60'.
  • a bayonet tube extension 64 extending within the pressure tube 46 and terminating approximately at the level where the tube 46 joins the tube sheet 48.
  • This extension 64 may be connected to the outer tube portion 56 by any appropriate method, such as by welding or bolting by means of a central stud (not shown).
  • Bayonet tube extension 64, outer tube portion 56 and central internal tube portion 60 are supported in the respective tubes within which they are positioned by spiral fin spacers 66, 68 and 70, which additionally serve to guide the flow through the respective annuli, or flow passages, formed between the tubes as explained hereinbelow.
  • pressure tube 46 is structurally subjected to high pressure; the outer tube portion 56, central tube portion 60, tube sheet 58, wall means 31, tube sheet 62, and vessel 29 are not subjected to high pressure but act merely as fluid flow channels.
  • the operation of the steam generator organization 10 is as follows. High temperature liquid metal or molten salts are ad mitted to heat exchange chamber 22 through heating medium inlet 24 to serve as a primary heating medium.
  • the baffle 72 connected between flow guiding baffle 54 and upper shell 14 at a point below heating medium inlet 24, causes the incoming heating medium to flow within the flow guiding baffle 54 washing the outside diameters of the plurality of pressure tubes 46. After performing its heating medium function (i.e., giving up heat through the tubes 46), the liquid metal or molten salts exit through the heating medium outlet 26.
  • Vaporizable liquid is admitted to the downtake plenum 33 from distributor 36 to be recirculated by the recirculating pump 42 from recirculating outlet nozzle 38 through recirculating inlet nozzle 40 and conduit 44 to the evaporator inlet plenum 28.
  • this vaporizable liquid is feedwater (the entering feedwater is supplied at a relatively cold temperature so as to prevent cavitation in the pump 42).
  • the feedwater flows up the bore 60' of the central internal tube portions 60 and then down the flow passages formed by the annuli between the outer tube portions 56 and their respective central tube portions 60.
  • the flow in the annuli is heated by the steam flowing about the bayonet tube arrangements, as explained below, and exits into the evaporator outlet plenum as a mixture of steam and vaporizable liquid.
  • the partially vaporized mixture is then passed through steam separators 74 (FIG. 1), the separated liquid returning to the downtake plenum 33 to be recirculated and the vapor passing through a drying screen 76.
  • the vapor After being dried by the screen 76, the vapor enters the pressure tubes 46 passing in the flow passages formed by the annuli between the outer tube portions 56 and of the bayonet tube arrangements and their respective pressure tubes 46.
  • the steam in the second-mentioned series of annuli while being superheated, serves as an intermediate heating medium between the primary heating medium and the feedwater being vaporized; for the additional length of the pressure tubes 46, the steam is further superheated by the heating medium to a high temperature superheat condition.
  • each pressure tube 46 becomes a superheated steam generating module having a low temperature superheater portion coaxial with an evaporator portion extending for the length of the respective bayonet tube arrangements and a high temperature superheater portion extending for the remainder of the pressure tube length.
  • the bayonet tube extension 64 serves to direct the steam flow to the inside diameter of the pressure tubes 46 so that proper heat exchange will occur to accomplish the desired superheating of the steam.
  • the high temperature superheated steam is then passed to the collection chamber 18 from which it may be withdrawn through outlet 20 to be applied to do useful work.
  • the heating medium it is a general practice to place a blanket of inert gas, such as argon, beneath the upper tube sheet 48 (between tube sheet 48 and baffle plate by means of an inlet nozzle (not shown).
  • the inert gas blanket serves as an additional separation means between the liquid metal and the steam, and to reduce the thermal stress and thermal shocking of the upper tube sheet 48.
  • the baffle plate 80 is connected to the upper shell 14 above the heating medium inlet 24. Openings 81 (FIG. 2) in the plate 80 surrounding the pressure tubes 46 allow the liquid metal to flow above the plate 80.
  • the plate 80 serves to reduce turbulence in the incoming high temperature liquid metal flowing thereabove to prevent the liquid from entrapping large quantities of inert gas while at the same time permitting superheating of the steam to continue above the level of the plate.
  • the additional baffle 82 is connected to the upper shell 14 at a point below the heating medium outlet 26 and extends thereabove to cause a reversal of the flow of the heating medium before it exits through outlet 26. The effect of this flow reversal will be to separate any of the inert gas which may be entrapped in the liquid metal by causing the bubbles of the lighter gas to rise to the surface 84 of the liquid metal and the space thereabove.
  • baffles Another expedient which may be used in particular instances for effective heat transfer conditions with certain molten salts, is the use of the baffles to produce crossflow of the heating medium across the heat exchange chamber 22. With this baffle arrangement, the flow guidingbaffle 54 and baffle plates 80 and 82 are not required.
  • the heating medium i.e. the high temperature liquid metal or molten salts
  • the heating medium is no longer in direct heat exchange contact with the substantially lower temperature incoming feedwater. It is rather in an indirect heat transfer relationship therewith as a result of the intermediate steam passing between the heating medium and the incoming vaporizable feedwater.
  • This arrangement additionally protects against contamination of the heating medium in that in the event of a minor leak of steam into either liquid alkali metal or molten salt, there is no violent reaction, and there is time after determination of the defect to permit an orderly shutdown of the equipment to make repairs.
  • cc. means at one end of said inner tube for maintaining said inner tube and said second annular flow passage in fluid communication for effecting a double pass of fluid through said bayonet tube arrangement means;
  • h. means for withdrawing superheated vapor from said vapor collection chamber.
  • the vapor generator organization of claim 1 wherein the means for passing the vapor collected in said vapor collection means through said first annular flow passages includes separating means for separating said vapor-liquid mixture so as to allow passage of the separated vapor through said first annular flow passages while returning the separated liquid so as to be recirculated through said inner tubes.
  • said bayonet tube arrangement means extend within each of said pressure tubes for a length less than the full length of the respective pressure tubes, each of said bayonet tube arrangement means having a flow guiding extension on the end thereof extending the remaining pressure tube length.
  • a vertica y elongated vessel said vessel having an inlet chamber, a heat exchange chamber and a collection chamber axiallyspaced therein;
  • said tube bundle comprising:
  • a plurality of bayonet tube arrangements each having a central internal tube portion extending concentrically within an outer tube portion, closed at one end for a length less than the full length of the outer tube portion and forming a flow annulus therebetween, one of said bayonet tube arrangements concentrically located within each of said plurality of pressure tubes extending therewithin for a distance less than the total length of the respective pressure tube and forming a flow annulus therebetween;
  • d. means supplying vaporizable fluid to said inlet chamber
  • the vapor generator organization of claim 5 wherein the means connecting said two annuli includes a means for separating the vapor and vaporizablc liquid received from said first-mentioned annuli and passing the vapor to said secondmentioned annuli while returning the vaporizablc liquid to said inlet chamber for recirculation.
  • each of said bayonet tube arrangements has an extension attached to the closed end thereof, said-extension being of a length so as to extend from its respective bayonet tube arrangement the remainder of the length of its respective pressure tube.
  • the vapor generator organization of claim 5 wherein the means for circulating the heating medium through said heat exchange chamber about said plurality of pressure tubes includes:
  • a. inlet nozzle means connected to said heat exchange chamber of said elongated vessel;
  • outlet nozzle means connected to said heat exchange chamber of said elongated vessel below said inlet nozzle means; and baffle means for directing the flow of heating medium from said inlet nozzle means to said outlet nozzle means, said baffle means comprising:
  • a first baffle surrounding said tube bundle and extending for a length therealong from above the level of said nozzle inlet means to below the level of said nozzle outlet means;
  • a third baffle located between said first baffle and said elongated vessel, said third baffle connected to said elongated vessel below the level of the nozzle outlet means and extend above the level thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US753185A 1968-08-16 1968-08-16 Vapor generator organization utilizing liquid metal or molten salts Expired - Lifetime US3557760A (en)

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US (1) US3557760A (enExample)
CH (1) CH496209A (enExample)
DE (1) DE1941005B2 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2015805A1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1275298A (enExample)
SE (1) SE347060B (enExample)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3867907A (en) * 1973-06-16 1975-02-25 Uhde Gmbh Friedrich Steam generator
US3868994A (en) * 1973-02-26 1975-03-04 Atomic Energy Commission Liquid metal operated heat exchanger
US3887003A (en) * 1972-05-17 1975-06-03 Foster Wheeler Corp Bayonet tube heat exchanger
US3942482A (en) * 1974-10-09 1976-03-09 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Bayonet tube steam generator
US3972688A (en) * 1974-03-18 1976-08-03 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Reactor for cracking hydrocarbons
US4140176A (en) * 1973-03-26 1979-02-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Protective tubes for sodium heated water tubes
US4163470A (en) * 1977-06-30 1979-08-07 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Industrial technique
US4245694A (en) * 1979-01-29 1981-01-20 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Supports for closely spaced tubes
US4257356A (en) * 1978-06-22 1981-03-24 Electric Power Research Institute Heat exchanging apparatus and method
US4489788A (en) * 1983-01-31 1984-12-25 Shamarokov Alexandr S Steam generator
US4777911A (en) * 1986-06-17 1988-10-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Stayrod configuration for facilitating steam generator sludge lancing
DE3722319A1 (de) * 1987-07-07 1989-01-19 Bayer Ag Waermetauscher
CN101915414A (zh) * 2010-09-17 2010-12-15 苏忠 一种固液两相换热的蒸汽发生装置
CN101699163B (zh) * 2009-10-28 2011-08-31 华南理工大学 熔盐管壳式蒸汽发生装置及方法
DE102010041903A1 (de) * 2010-10-04 2012-04-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Durchlaufdampferzeuger mit integriertem Zwischenüberhitzer
WO2012156350A3 (de) * 2011-05-16 2013-01-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dampferzeuger, insbesondere für ein solarthermisches kraftwerk
WO2015060979A1 (en) * 2013-10-24 2015-04-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Bioreactor and perfusion system
CN106017151A (zh) * 2016-07-05 2016-10-12 蔡金龙 一种换热聚能罩
CN108088284A (zh) * 2017-12-04 2018-05-29 唐山三友集团兴达化纤有限公司 一种锆管换热器
US10046290B2 (en) * 2016-03-24 2018-08-14 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Shell-and-multi-triple concentric-tube reactor and heat exchanger
US10401022B2 (en) * 2015-04-21 2019-09-03 General Electric Technology Gmbh Molten salt once-through steam generator
CN117432490A (zh) * 2023-09-27 2024-01-23 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 一种核电机组耦合熔盐储能发电系统
CN119139714A (zh) * 2024-09-04 2024-12-17 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种应对熔盐蒸汽发生装置泄漏的盐水分离回收装置

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH614284A5 (en) * 1976-11-05 1979-11-15 Sulzer Ag Double-pipe heat exchanger
FR2514119A1 (fr) * 1981-10-06 1983-04-08 Struthers Wells Sa Echangeur de chaleur tubulaire pour gaz a pression et temperature elevees
FR2564229B1 (fr) * 1984-05-11 1986-09-05 Commissariat Energie Atomique Reacteur nucleaire a neutrons rapides a generateur de vapeur integre dans la cuve
RU2307981C1 (ru) * 2006-01-10 2007-10-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт имени акад. А.Н. Крылова" (ФГУП "ЦНИИ им. акад. А.Н. Крылова") Парогенерирующее устройство
RU2351857C1 (ru) * 2007-06-13 2009-04-10 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет (ФГОУ ВПО КГАСУ) Водоподогреватель
CN109489022A (zh) * 2017-09-11 2019-03-19 甘肃光热发电有限公司 蒸气清洗式光热电蒸汽发生系统

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3049105A (en) * 1957-12-02 1962-08-14 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method and apparatus for generating and superheating vapor
US3097630A (en) * 1961-02-24 1963-07-16 Brice W Kinyon Steam generator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3049105A (en) * 1957-12-02 1962-08-14 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method and apparatus for generating and superheating vapor
US3097630A (en) * 1961-02-24 1963-07-16 Brice W Kinyon Steam generator

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3887003A (en) * 1972-05-17 1975-06-03 Foster Wheeler Corp Bayonet tube heat exchanger
US3868994A (en) * 1973-02-26 1975-03-04 Atomic Energy Commission Liquid metal operated heat exchanger
US4140176A (en) * 1973-03-26 1979-02-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Protective tubes for sodium heated water tubes
US3867907A (en) * 1973-06-16 1975-02-25 Uhde Gmbh Friedrich Steam generator
US3972688A (en) * 1974-03-18 1976-08-03 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Reactor for cracking hydrocarbons
US3942482A (en) * 1974-10-09 1976-03-09 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Bayonet tube steam generator
US4163470A (en) * 1977-06-30 1979-08-07 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Industrial technique
US4257356A (en) * 1978-06-22 1981-03-24 Electric Power Research Institute Heat exchanging apparatus and method
US4245694A (en) * 1979-01-29 1981-01-20 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Supports for closely spaced tubes
US4489788A (en) * 1983-01-31 1984-12-25 Shamarokov Alexandr S Steam generator
US4777911A (en) * 1986-06-17 1988-10-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Stayrod configuration for facilitating steam generator sludge lancing
DE3722319A1 (de) * 1987-07-07 1989-01-19 Bayer Ag Waermetauscher
CN101699163B (zh) * 2009-10-28 2011-08-31 华南理工大学 熔盐管壳式蒸汽发生装置及方法
CN101915414A (zh) * 2010-09-17 2010-12-15 苏忠 一种固液两相换热的蒸汽发生装置
DE102010041903A1 (de) * 2010-10-04 2012-04-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Durchlaufdampferzeuger mit integriertem Zwischenüberhitzer
DE102010041903B4 (de) 2010-10-04 2017-03-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Durchlaufdampferzeuger mit integriertem Zwischenüberhitzer
WO2012156350A3 (de) * 2011-05-16 2013-01-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dampferzeuger, insbesondere für ein solarthermisches kraftwerk
WO2015060979A1 (en) * 2013-10-24 2015-04-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Bioreactor and perfusion system
US10401022B2 (en) * 2015-04-21 2019-09-03 General Electric Technology Gmbh Molten salt once-through steam generator
US10046290B2 (en) * 2016-03-24 2018-08-14 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Shell-and-multi-triple concentric-tube reactor and heat exchanger
CN106017151A (zh) * 2016-07-05 2016-10-12 蔡金龙 一种换热聚能罩
CN108088284A (zh) * 2017-12-04 2018-05-29 唐山三友集团兴达化纤有限公司 一种锆管换热器
CN117432490A (zh) * 2023-09-27 2024-01-23 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 一种核电机组耦合熔盐储能发电系统
CN117432490B (zh) * 2023-09-27 2024-06-04 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 一种核电机组耦合熔盐储能发电系统
CN119139714A (zh) * 2024-09-04 2024-12-17 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种应对熔盐蒸汽发生装置泄漏的盐水分离回收装置

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Publication number Publication date
SE347060B (enExample) 1972-07-24
CH496209A (de) 1970-09-15
DE1941005B2 (de) 1972-12-28
FR2015805A1 (enExample) 1970-04-30
DE1941005A1 (de) 1970-07-30
GB1275298A (en) 1972-05-24

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