US3555460A - Elimination of mode spikes in microwave ferrite phase shifters - Google Patents

Elimination of mode spikes in microwave ferrite phase shifters Download PDF

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Publication number
US3555460A
US3555460A US810955A US3555460DA US3555460A US 3555460 A US3555460 A US 3555460A US 810955 A US810955 A US 810955A US 3555460D A US3555460D A US 3555460DA US 3555460 A US3555460 A US 3555460A
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toroid
wire
magnetizing
spikes
elimination
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US810955A
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Norman R Landry
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RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/19—Phase-shifters using a ferromagnetic device
    • H01P1/195—Phase-shifters using a ferromagnetic device having a toroidal shape

Definitions

  • Microwave phase shifters are widely used, for example, in phased array antennas. In such applications, it is desirable to switch the phase shifter from one phase shift condition to another phase shift condition.
  • a convenient way of controlling the amount of phase shift is to pass a magnetizing wire through the slot in a toroid of gyromagnetic material which toroid is placed in the center of a waveguide and extends along the length of the waveguide.
  • the term gyromagnetic material refers both to ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials. A more complete description of such materials can be found in chapters 2 and 3 respectively, in Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics by Lax and Button, published by Me- Graw-Hill.
  • the above and other objects of this invention are accomplished by the spiral wrapping of a wire about the magnetizing wire placed along the center of a slot in a toroid which toroid is of gyromagnetic material and is located along the center of a waveguide.
  • the size of the spiral wrapped 'wire and the number of turns per inch is arranged so that to allow the flux from the magnetizing wire to reach and magnetize the toroid and yet suppress the undesirable electrical modes which are otherwise present.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a microwave phase shifter in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the level of the VSWR spikes versus frequency (gHz.) for a ferrite phase shifter like that described in FIG. 1 without the spiral wrapping of a magnetizing wire,
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the level of the insertion loss (decibels), versus frequency for a ferrite phase shifter like that in FIG. 1 without spiral wrapping of the magnetizing wire,
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the level of the VSWR spikes versus frequency for the ferrite phase shifter shown in FIG. 1 with a spiral wrapped wire about the magnetizing wire
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the level of the insertion loss (decibels) versus frequency (gHz.) for the ferrite phase shifter shown in FIG. 1 with spiral wrapping of the magnetizing wire.
  • a rectangular waveguide 10 having broad walls 12, 13 and narrow walls 14, 15.
  • a rectangular ferrite toroid 20 is centered between the narrow walls 14, 15 and extends along a portion of the length of the waveguide 10.
  • the toroid 20 has a rectangular slot 21.
  • the slot 21 is preferably filled with a suitable dielectric material 22, for example, a magnesium titanate dielectric such as D-l6 manufactured by Trans-Tech, Inc. Gaithersburg, Md.
  • the dielectric material 22 serves to center two magnetizing wires 23, 24 Within the toroid 20 along the length of the toroid 20.
  • the wire 23 is coupled at both ends to a pulse driver 25 by which pulses are applied in one direction through the toroid 20 to latch the toroid 20 in one sense to provide, for example, a frequency shift of for electromagnetic waves applied in the direction of arrow 30 through the waveguide 10.
  • Wire 24 is connected to a pulse driver 26 so that the application of a pulse from the driver 26 latches the toroid 20 in different sense, for example, to provide zero degrees phase shift for electromagnetic waves propagated in the direction of arrow 30.
  • only a single pulse driver may be used with a single magnetizing wire where a pulse in one direction from the driver is used to latch the toroid 20 in one sense.
  • a pulse in the opposite direction from the driver is used to bias the toroid 20 in the opposite sense.
  • While one wire may be used for pulsing and consequently latching the ferrite toroid 20, a second wire may be used for a control pickup as in the case of a linear flux control circuit like that described in U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 689,036, by Johnson, Tomsic and Goodrich now Pat. No. 3,510,675.
  • the support of such RF current makes the wires 23, 24 act like antennas in that they strongly couple to undesirable high order modes within the cavity of the toroid 20 and the ferrite loaded waveguide 10.
  • Microwave tests conducted without the wires 23, 24 in the toroid 20 have indicated that only small VSWR spikes are generated.
  • the longitudinal magnetizing wires are simply placed within the toroid 20 as shown in FIG. 1, the mode spikes are very large and cannot be reduced to a satisfactory level.
  • FIG. 2 is a plot of the VSWR versus frequency for a phase shifter like that shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a plot of the magnitude of the insertion loss (decibels) versus frequency (gHz.) for a phase shifter like that shown in FIG. 1 for the same range of '3 o frequencies as in FIG. 2, illustrating the effect of the undesirable mode generation.
  • a solution to the mode problem has been found by wrapping a small diameter wire 35, for example, from 0.5 to 10 mils in diameter in a spiral around the magnetizing wires 23, 24 with a pitch of the spiral wire being arranged so as to provide about 10 to 50 turns per inch of magnetizing wire.
  • the spiral wrapped wire 35 encompasses the magnetizing wire or wires for the length of the toroid 20. Any RF current must then flow in the spiral wire 35 due to the skin effect, thus minimizing the longitudinal coupling currents. Also, the larger inductance of the spiral helps to prevent the unwanted RF currents.
  • FIG. 4 shows the improved low level VSWR versus frequency curve for a phase shifter with spiral wrapped wire over approximately the same range of frequencies as in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows the improved low insertion loss versus frequency characteristic of the phase shifter with the spiral wrapped wire.
  • a microwave phase shifter comprising:
  • a toroid of gyromagnetic material centered along the length of the waveguiding structure, said toroid having a slot extending the length of the toroid
  • At least one magnetizing wire having terminals adapted to be coupled to a pulse driver, said magnetizing wire passing through said slot and extending the length of said toroid to latch said toroid in the presence of a pulse supplied by said driver, and

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  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
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US810955A 1969-03-27 1969-03-27 Elimination of mode spikes in microwave ferrite phase shifters Expired - Lifetime US3555460A (en)

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US81095569A 1969-03-27 1969-03-27

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US (1) US3555460A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4830172B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2014535A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1295357A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4338609A (en) * 1980-12-15 1982-07-06 Rca Corporation Short horn radiator assembly
US4349790A (en) * 1981-04-17 1982-09-14 Rca Corporation Coax to rectangular waveguide coupler

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2481995B1 (fr) 1980-05-06 1986-03-28 Thimon Dispositif de conformation d'un film de matiere plastique thermoretractable recouvrant les espaces lateraux de prehension d'une charge sans palette a lit reduit
DE4327943A1 (de) * 1993-08-19 1995-02-23 Audi Ag Ventilsteuerung für eine Brennkraftmaschine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4338609A (en) * 1980-12-15 1982-07-06 Rca Corporation Short horn radiator assembly
US4349790A (en) * 1981-04-17 1982-09-14 Rca Corporation Coax to rectangular waveguide coupler

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JPS4830172B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-18
DE2014535A1 (de) 1970-11-19
GB1295357A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-08

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