US3553039A - Ammonium perchlorate-ammonium nitrate explosive composition containing excess chloride ion - Google Patents
Ammonium perchlorate-ammonium nitrate explosive composition containing excess chloride ion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3553039A US3553039A US744989A US3553039DA US3553039A US 3553039 A US3553039 A US 3553039A US 744989 A US744989 A US 744989A US 3553039D A US3553039D A US 3553039DA US 3553039 A US3553039 A US 3553039A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- ammonium
- chloride
- weight
- ammonium perchlorate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 34
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- UDWUWCBAWXRSNF-UHFFFAOYSA-O diazanium;nitrate;perchlorate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O UDWUWCBAWXRSNF-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 title description 2
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 42
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 chloride anions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- JGDFBJMWFLXCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper chromite Chemical compound [Cu]=O.[Cu]=O.O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O JGDFBJMWFLXCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDMPYXXSNYABKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazanium diperchlorate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O WDMPYXXSNYABKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/007—Ballistic modifiers, burning rate catalysts, burning rate depressing agents, e.g. for gas generating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
- C06B29/22—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate the salt being ammonium perchlorate
Definitions
- An ammonium perchlorate explosive composition comprising ammonium perchlorate, at least 5% by weight of ammonium nitrate, at least 0.003% by weight of a metal and at least one chloride anion per metal atom in excess of the ratio of chloride anion to metal atom that would be obtained by adding the metal as its chloride salt.
- This invention relates to ammonium perchlorate gas producing or explosive compositions, and more particularly to ammonium perchlorate compositions having an improved decomposition rate.
- Ammonium perchlorate is used as an oxidizer in propellants and other explosive compositions.
- Various combustion catalysts have heretofore been added singly or in combination to ammonium perchlorate in order to improve its decomposition characteristics.
- We have now discovered that the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate is greatly improved by adding ammonium nitrate, a metal, and an excess of chloride anions with respect to the amount of metal added.
- the present invention is an ammonium perchlorate explosive composition
- ammonium perchlorate explosive composition comprising ammonium perchlorate, at least 5% by weight of ammonium nitrate, at least 0.003% by weight of a metal and at least one chloride anion per metal atom in excess of the ratio of chloride anion to metal atom that would be obtained by adding the metal as its chloride salt.
- composition of the present invention is made by incorporating ammonium nitrate, the metal or metal-containing additive and the chloride anion-containing additive into ammonium perchlorate, generally by milling or dry mixing the ingredients.
- the resultant mixture may be shaped or pressed or otherwise prilled to the form of compacted grains.
- the metal may be added as the free metal, or, preferably, in combined form. It is generally most convenient to use a readily available salt containing the metal as a cation or as part of the anion. A list of such suitable salts would include nitrates, carbonates, sulfates, chromates, dichromates and the like. The metal may also be present in both the cation and anion as, for example, copper chromite.
- the decomposition characteristics of ammonium perchlorate are improved by the incorporation of at least 0.003% of a metal provided ammonium nitrate and excess chloride anion are also present as more fully discussed below.
- the beneficial effect of metal addition increases with increasing the metal content of the composition until either the diluent effect and/ or the decreasing solubility of the metal and chloride-containing additives tend to exhibit a contrary effect.
- Satisfactory explosive compositions containing as high as 5% by weight of metal and excess chloride anion have been prepared and tested. It is doubtful that compositions in which the amount of metal and chloride additive exceeds 5% by weight of the composition would be useful in practice except possibly in Very special situations.
- the rate of improvement obtained using metal-chloride combustion catalysts in an ammonium perchlorate composition according to the present invention with various metals was determined by thermographic analysis. In order of decreasing effectiveness, the metals are:
- Chromium Titanium Copper Lead Silver Manganese Nickel Mercury Iron Bismuth Gold Platinum Palladium Zinc Cobalt Cadmium Cerium Aluminum Zirconium Metals listed in the first column are particularly effective. Metals having a standard oxidation potential above 2.0 volts, i.e., the alkali metals such as lithium, potassium, sodium, et cetera, are much less eifective.
- the composition according to the present invention should also contain at least one and preferably ten chloride anions per metal atom in excess of the ratio of chloride anion to metal atom that would be obtained by adding the metal as its chloride salt.
- the decomposition characteristics of the composition improve, but to a lesser extent, as 30-40 chloride anions per metal atom are added. Relatively little further improvement is noted as additional chloride is provided.
- the particular salt employed as the chloride carrier is not determinative; the chlorides of sodium, potassium and ammonium are preferred because of their ready availability at low cost.
- compositions containing at least about 5% and preferably about 5-15 by weight of ammonium nitrate give the best results.
- the amounts of the various additives to be provided are interrelated since the minimum amount of a given additive required depends on how much of the others is present. For example, the minimal concentrations of metal and chloride may be decreased somewhat by increasing the amount of ammonium nitrate added; the minimal concentration of the metal may be decreased by increasing the amount of chloride added. It is apparent that compositions containing minimal amounts of the metal would be the most desirable in practice.
- One of the advantages of the present composition is that they require less of the metal-containing additive than is generally employed in ammonium perchlorate explosive or propellant compositions.
- the shortening of the induction period and the improved decomposition of ammonium perchlorate obtained according to the present invention were measured by thermographic analysis.
- Compositions containing ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, and a metal salt, with or without added sodium chloride, were prepared and weighed into glass reactor tubes and placed in a furnace programmed to maintain a constant temperature of 295 C. The more active samples deflagrated on reaching about 250 C.; the others decomposed just prior to reaching furnace temperature.
- the curves shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing are graphs of temperature against time as measured by a thermocouple set in the test compositions.
- Curve A is the thermograph obtained on a test composition containing parts by weight of ammonium perchlorate, 10 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.0135% by weight of potassium dichromate. Only a partial decomposition and moderate temperature rise occurred leaving a residue of about 70% undecomposed material.
- Curve B shows the results on a similar composition except that 0.16% by weight of sodium chloride was added. Complete decomposition occurred sending the temperature otf scale.
- the test composition of curve C contained 85% ammonium perchlorate, 15% ammonium nitrate and 0.03% by weight of potassium dichromate.
- the test composition of curve D contained 92 parts by weight of perchlorate, 8 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate, 0.015% by weight of dichromate and 0.23% by weight of sodium chloride. Even though the amounts of nitrate and dichromate were less than that of the composition of curve C, the addition of chloride gave an extremely strong decomposition. Similar results were obtained with compositions containing 942 parts We claim:
- An ammonium perchlorate explosive composition comprising ammonium perchlorate, at least 5% by weight of ammonium nitrate, at least 0.003% by weight of a metal and at least one chloride anion per metal atom in excess of the ratio of chloride anion to metal atom that would be obtained by adding the metal as its chloride salt.
- composition according to claim 1 wherein the metal is chromium, copper, silver, nickel, iron, gold, palladium, cobalt or cerium.
- a composition according to claim 1 containing 5-15 by weight of ammonium nitrate and at least ten chloride anions per metal atom.
- An ammonium perchlorate explosive composition comprising 90 parts by weight of ammonium perchlorate and 10 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate, 0.0135 by weight of potassium dichromate and 0.16% by weight of sodium chloride.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
AN AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION COMPRISING AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE, AT LEAST 5% BY WEIGHT OF AMMONIUM NITRATE, AT LEAST 0.003% BY WEIGHT OF A METAL AND AT LEAST ONE CHLORIDE ANION PER METAL ATOM IN EXCESS OF THE RATIO OF CHLORIDE ANION TO METAL ATOM THAT WOULD BE OBTAINED BY ADDING THE METAL AS ITS CHLORIDE SALT.
Description
Jan; 5, 1971 A. G. KEENAN ETAL AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE-AMMONIUM NITRATE EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION CONTAINING EXCESS CHLORIDE ION Filed July 15, 1968 A nUov UEDEQ Qua EMC.
2O TIMEUVIIN) O O nUoJ MEDWQQMQ 2m;
ARTHUR GKEENAN If IVENTORS TIME (MIN) AT TO RN EYS United States Patent AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE-AMMONIUM NI- TRATE EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION CON- TAINING EXCESS CHLORIDE ION Arthur G. Keenan and Robert F. Siegmund, Miami, Fla., assignors to Research Corporation, New York, N.Y., a nonprofit corporation of New York Filed July 15, 1968, Ser. No. 744,989 Int. Cl. C06b N04 US. Cl. 14941 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An ammonium perchlorate explosive composition comprising ammonium perchlorate, at least 5% by weight of ammonium nitrate, at least 0.003% by weight of a metal and at least one chloride anion per metal atom in excess of the ratio of chloride anion to metal atom that would be obtained by adding the metal as its chloride salt.
This invention relates to ammonium perchlorate gas producing or explosive compositions, and more particularly to ammonium perchlorate compositions having an improved decomposition rate.
Ammonium perchlorate is used as an oxidizer in propellants and other explosive compositions. Various combustion catalysts have heretofore been added singly or in combination to ammonium perchlorate in order to improve its decomposition characteristics. We have now discovered that the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate is greatly improved by adding ammonium nitrate, a metal, and an excess of chloride anions with respect to the amount of metal added.
More specifically, the present invention is an ammonium perchlorate explosive composition comprising ammonium perchlorate, at least 5% by weight of ammonium nitrate, at least 0.003% by weight of a metal and at least one chloride anion per metal atom in excess of the ratio of chloride anion to metal atom that would be obtained by adding the metal as its chloride salt.
The composition of the present invention is made by incorporating ammonium nitrate, the metal or metal-containing additive and the chloride anion-containing additive into ammonium perchlorate, generally by milling or dry mixing the ingredients. The resultant mixture may be shaped or pressed or otherwise prilled to the form of compacted grains.
The metal may be added as the free metal, or, preferably, in combined form. It is generally most convenient to use a readily available salt containing the metal as a cation or as part of the anion. A list of such suitable salts would include nitrates, carbonates, sulfates, chromates, dichromates and the like. The metal may also be present in both the cation and anion as, for example, copper chromite.
The decomposition characteristics of ammonium perchlorate are improved by the incorporation of at least 0.003% of a metal provided ammonium nitrate and excess chloride anion are also present as more fully discussed below. The beneficial effect of metal addition increases with increasing the metal content of the composition until either the diluent effect and/ or the decreasing solubility of the metal and chloride-containing additives tend to exhibit a contrary effect. There is no theoretical upper limit for the amount of additives which may be employed since these adverse factors vary widely with the particular additives employed. Satisfactory explosive compositions containing as high as 5% by weight of metal and excess chloride anion have been prepared and tested. It is doubtful that compositions in which the amount of metal and chloride additive exceeds 5% by weight of the composition would be useful in practice except possibly in Very special situations.
The rate of improvement obtained using metal-chloride combustion catalysts in an ammonium perchlorate composition according to the present invention with various metals was determined by thermographic analysis. In order of decreasing effectiveness, the metals are:
Chromium Titanium Copper Lead Silver Manganese Nickel Mercury Iron Bismuth Gold Platinum Palladium Zinc Cobalt Cadmium Cerium Aluminum Zirconium Metals listed in the first column are particularly effective. Metals having a standard oxidation potential above 2.0 volts, i.e., the alkali metals such as lithium, potassium, sodium, et cetera, are much less eifective.
The composition according to the present invention should also contain at least one and preferably ten chloride anions per metal atom in excess of the ratio of chloride anion to metal atom that would be obtained by adding the metal as its chloride salt. The decomposition characteristics of the composition improve, but to a lesser extent, as 30-40 chloride anions per metal atom are added. Relatively little further improvement is noted as additional chloride is provided. The particular salt employed as the chloride carrier is not determinative; the chlorides of sodium, potassium and ammonium are preferred because of their ready availability at low cost.
The beneficial effects of metal and excess chloride anion addition on the decomposition rate of ammonium perchlorate are not obtained unless ammonium nitrate is added as well. Generally speaking, compositions containing at least about 5% and preferably about 5-15 by weight of ammonium nitrate give the best results. The amounts of the various additives to be provided are interrelated since the minimum amount of a given additive required depends on how much of the others is present. For example, the minimal concentrations of metal and chloride may be decreased somewhat by increasing the amount of ammonium nitrate added; the minimal concentration of the metal may be decreased by increasing the amount of chloride added. It is apparent that compositions containing minimal amounts of the metal would be the most desirable in practice. One of the advantages of the present composition is that they require less of the metal-containing additive than is generally employed in ammonium perchlorate explosive or propellant compositions.
The shortening of the induction period and the improved decomposition of ammonium perchlorate obtained according to the present invention were measured by thermographic analysis. Compositions containing ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, and a metal salt, with or without added sodium chloride, were prepared and weighed into glass reactor tubes and placed in a furnace programmed to maintain a constant temperature of 295 C. The more active samples deflagrated on reaching about 250 C.; the others decomposed just prior to reaching furnace temperature.
The curves shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing are graphs of temperature against time as measured by a thermocouple set in the test compositions. Curve A is the thermograph obtained on a test composition containing parts by weight of ammonium perchlorate, 10 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.0135% by weight of potassium dichromate. Only a partial decomposition and moderate temperature rise occurred leaving a residue of about 70% undecomposed material. Curve B shows the results on a similar composition except that 0.16% by weight of sodium chloride was added. Complete decomposition occurred sending the temperature otf scale. The test composition of curve C contained 85% ammonium perchlorate, 15% ammonium nitrate and 0.03% by weight of potassium dichromate. Even though the amount of nitrate and dichromate was greatly increased over that present in the composition of curve A, no significant improvement in decomposition was obtained. The test composition of curve D contained 92 parts by weight of perchlorate, 8 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate, 0.015% by weight of dichromate and 0.23% by weight of sodium chloride. Even though the amounts of nitrate and dichromate were less than that of the composition of curve C, the addition of chloride gave an extremely strong decomposition. Similar results were obtained with compositions containing 942 parts We claim:
1. An ammonium perchlorate explosive composition comprising ammonium perchlorate, at least 5% by weight of ammonium nitrate, at least 0.003% by weight of a metal and at least one chloride anion per metal atom in excess of the ratio of chloride anion to metal atom that would be obtained by adding the metal as its chloride salt.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the metal is chromium, copper, silver, nickel, iron, gold, palladium, cobalt or cerium.
3. A composition according to claim 1 containing 5-15 by weight of ammonium nitrate and at least ten chloride anions per metal atom.
4. An ammonium perchlorate explosive composition comprising 90 parts by weight of ammonium perchlorate and 10 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate, 0.0135 by weight of potassium dichromate and 0.16% by weight of sodium chloride.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,336,171 8/1967 Keenan et al. 149-43 CARL D. QUARFORTH, Primary Examiner S. J. LECHERT, JR., Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 14942, 43, 46, 76
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US74498968A | 1968-07-15 | 1968-07-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3553039A true US3553039A (en) | 1971-01-05 |
Family
ID=24994752
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US744989A Expired - Lifetime US3553039A (en) | 1968-07-15 | 1968-07-15 | Ammonium perchlorate-ammonium nitrate explosive composition containing excess chloride ion |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3553039A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1935561A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2016800A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1240770A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3713918A (en) * | 1970-11-18 | 1973-01-30 | Us Interior | Urea stabilized gelled slurry explosive |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5589660A (en) * | 1995-08-03 | 1996-12-31 | United Technologies Corportion | Enhanced performance blasting agent |
| DE19539210A1 (en) * | 1995-10-21 | 1997-04-24 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Extinguishing chain for fighting fires |
-
1968
- 1968-07-15 US US744989A patent/US3553039A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-07-10 GB GB34734/69A patent/GB1240770A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-07-12 DE DE19691935561 patent/DE1935561A1/en active Pending
- 1969-07-15 FR FR6924064A patent/FR2016800A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3713918A (en) * | 1970-11-18 | 1973-01-30 | Us Interior | Urea stabilized gelled slurry explosive |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1240770A (en) | 1971-07-28 |
| DE1935561A1 (en) | 1970-01-22 |
| FR2016800A1 (en) | 1970-05-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| ES416380A1 (en) | Composite propellants with a cellulose acetate binder | |
| GB1445551A (en) | Gas-producing composition for producing non-toxic gases | |
| GB147104A (en) | Improvements in or relating to projectiles | |
| GB805113A (en) | Improvements in or relating to gas producing compositions | |
| DE69323410T2 (en) | GAS GENERATOR FOR AIRBAGS | |
| GB1279961A (en) | Improvements in or relating to nitrocellulose base compositions | |
| CA1173254A (en) | Co-nitrating | |
| US3553039A (en) | Ammonium perchlorate-ammonium nitrate explosive composition containing excess chloride ion | |
| EP1973863B1 (en) | Primer composition | |
| US3111439A (en) | High explosive mixtures | |
| US3755019A (en) | Solid propellant compositions containing plasticized nitrocellulose and aluminum hydride | |
| US3336171A (en) | Ammonium nitrate explosive compositions containing (metal-excess chloride) combustion catalyst | |
| US3909324A (en) | Pyrotechnic disseminating formulation | |
| US4039361A (en) | Dry blasting agents | |
| GB968876A (en) | Rocket propellant preparations | |
| US3347722A (en) | Thickened ammonium nitrate blasting composition containing aluminum and urea | |
| US3102848A (en) | Nuclear fuel compositions and method of making the same | |
| US3598667A (en) | Low temperature sensitive aluminum-enriched polyurethane propellant containing calcium carbonate | |
| US3384675A (en) | Stabilization of nitroform salts | |
| US3798087A (en) | Fast burning composite propellant | |
| US3634283A (en) | Smoke generating compositions and methods of use | |
| US2847291A (en) | Gelatin dynamite explosives containing water | |
| US2704706A (en) | Explosive composition | |
| US2987389A (en) | Ammonium nitrate explosive | |
| US2758024A (en) | Method of dissolving binary alloys |