US3550214A - Method of fiber transfer in carding process - Google Patents

Method of fiber transfer in carding process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3550214A
US3550214A US880463A US3550214DA US3550214A US 3550214 A US3550214 A US 3550214A US 880463 A US880463 A US 880463A US 3550214D A US3550214D A US 3550214DA US 3550214 A US3550214 A US 3550214A
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United States
Prior art keywords
carding
staple fibers
cylinder
fibers
doffer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US880463A
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English (en)
Inventor
Moriichi Watanabe
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Nagoya Metallic Card Clothing Co Ltd
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Nagoya Metallic Card Clothing Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Nagoya Metallic Card Clothing Co Ltd filed Critical Nagoya Metallic Card Clothing Co Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00—Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/02—Carding machines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00—Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/84—Card clothing; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • D01G15/88—Card clothing; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for formed from metal sheets or strips

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improvement in a transferring step in the carding process of staple fibers. More particularly, the invention relates to an improved method of transferring the web of carded and paralleled staple fibers from the rotating carding cylinder onto the doifer.
  • the staple fibers are subjected to carding process. That is, the procedure of opening the fiber mass, removing dust and short fibers, and paralleling the fiber strands, by the carding action is normally performed by a machine called carding engine. In this carding process, the fiber lap is rolled back by a feed roller and supplied to the tip of a dish plate.
  • the staple fibers are carded by the teeth of taker-in which is mounted with metallic wire and which rotates at a speed of 200 to 1,500 r.p.m., and transferred to the rotating direction of the taker-in as caught on the teeth thereof.
  • the staple fibers moving as caught on the teeth of the taker-in are further transferred onto the teeth of a carding cylinder coated with metallic wire, which is provided closely to the taker-in and is rotating at a surface speed greater than that of the taker-in.
  • the staple fibers receive carding action caused by the difference in surface speeds of the above two members.
  • endless flats coated with metallic wire on flexible card clothing are installed, which is located very close to the carding cylinder and moves at a speed considerably lass than the surface speed of the carding cylinder. Also due to the difference between the speed of the flats and of the carding cylinder, the staple fibers receive the carding action and are paralleled.
  • the web of carded and paralleled staple fibers on the carding cylinder is transferred onto the doffer coated with metallic wire, which is located closely to the carding cylinder and rotates at a less surface speed than that of the carding cylinder.
  • the web of staple fibers on the doffer is subsequently peeled off the doifer by a vertically vibrating fly comb, bundled into sliver and collected into a can.
  • the surface speed of the doifer is maintained at a considerably less value than that of the carding cylinder, such as a ratio of one to several tens. Consequently the staple fibers moving at a high speed as caught by the teeth on the carding cylinder are seized onto the working portion of the teeth of slowly moving doffer. Therefore the once carded and paralleled staple fibers on the carding cylinder receive an anticarding action, which results in partial undoing of the parallel state of the staple fibers, as well as the bending of rear portions of the staple fibers, the phenomenon normally referred to among the experts as hook.
  • the conventional carding process fiber hooks are formed, which reduces the effective length of staple fibers and prevents the imparting of sufiicient strength to the spun fibers.
  • Means for completely solving the problem of end hooks in the fibers formed in the carding process has not yet been discovered.
  • the conventional spinning techniques only a passive remedy is applied to this problem, i.e., the slivers with many end hooks formed in the carding process are subjected to odd number of treating steps between the carding and fine spinning procedures, for example, odd number of drawing and roving steps, so that the hooks would position at the end of the staple fibers in the rovings to be supplied to the draft roller of fine spinning machine.
  • the strength of the spun fibers is improved over the case of employing even number of intermediate treatments between the carding and fine spinning procedures, only by 23%.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method of transferring the Web of staple fibers in the carding process, which will solve the problem of hook formation in the staple fibers during the conventional carding process.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a carding process and apparatus which can prepare the sliver of staple fibers containing substantially no hook, and in which the staple fibers are perfectly paralleled, by repetitive carding actions exerted in the carding process.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a process which can prepare with high speed the sliver of carded staple fibers suited for the preparation of spun fibers of improved strength and reduced unevenness compared with known spun fibers.
  • the foregoing objects are accomplished by the method of transferring the web of carded staple fibers from the carding cylinder to the dolfer surface by rotating the doffer, which is mounted with metallic wire, at a position close to the circumference of the rotating carding cylinder which is carrying the web of carded and paralleled staple fibers, characterized in that the doffer is rotated with a surface speed greater than that of the carding cylinder, whereby transferring the web of staple fibers on the cylinder surface to the doifer surface, while carding the said staple fibers.
  • FIG. 1 shows the arrangement of the cylinders in the carding engine used for conventional carding process.
  • FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of the cylinders in the carding engine useful for practicing the subject process.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3-H and 3-C are respectively the side view, cross-section and an enlarged side view of the metallic wire mounted on the roller comb which is used in practicing the subject invention.
  • roller arrangement and surface speeds of the rollers in known carding system can be given as illustrated in FIG. 1 and Table 1 below.
  • the fiber lap on the dish plate 1 is nipped between the dish plate 1 and the feed roller 2 rotating in the direction of the arrow, and the staple fibers drawn out from the lap are caught by the teeth of metallic wire on the taker-in which is rotating clockwisely, at the tip of the dish plate 1, to be transferred to the surface of the taker-in.
  • the surface speed ratio of the two members at this time is 1,380 times as indicated in Table 1, and due to this difference in surface speeds, the staple fibers are carded.
  • the staple fibers on the taker-in are then caught by the teeth of the metallic wire on the carding cylinder 4 which is located close to the circumference of the taker-in, at the side opposite from the dish plate across the taker-in, and are transferred onto the said cylinder to be carried to the rotating direction of the same cylinder (counterclockwise direction).
  • the surface speed ratio of carding cylinder to the taker-in is, for example, 2.28, as indicated in Table 1.
  • the staple fibers on the surface of the carding cylinder receive the repetitive carding action by the relative motions of the teeth on the flat and those on the carding cylinder.
  • the surface speed ratio of the carding cylinder to the flats is in the order of 8,300, as indicated in Table 1.
  • the greatest part of the carding given to the staple fibers is performed by the said relative actions of the flats and carding cylinder.
  • the carded and paralleled staple fibers on the carding cylinder are caught by the teeth of the dofier 6, which is located close to the circumference. of the carding cylinder and at the opposite side from the taker-in across the carding cylinder, and which is clockwisely rotating.
  • the fibers are transferred onto the doffer surface.
  • the surface speed ratio of the doffer to carding cylinder is invariably in the order of one to several tens. (According to Table 1, it is one to thirtysix.) Therefore the staple fibers receive an anticarding action during the last-mentioned transfer, and consequently not only the hooks are formed at the end of the linearly paralleled staple fibers, but also the parallelism in the staple fibers is damaged.
  • the web of staple fibers thus transferred onto the doffer surface is separated from the doffer by a vertically vibrating fly comb 7 and bundled into sliver form.
  • the slivers are collected into a can through a coiler (not shown).
  • FIG. 1 shows the flow of the staple fibers.
  • dish plate, feed roller, taker-in, carding cylinder and flats can be same to those known and used in conventional carding engines.
  • the surface speed of the feed roller 2 is increased in correspondence to the increased surface speed of the doffer, and the surface speed ratio of the taker-in 3 to the feed roller 2 is reduced compared with that in the conventional system.
  • Supplying of the staple fiber lap via the feed roller 2, and carding and paralleling of the staple fibers by the relative motions of carding cylinder 4 and flats 5 are the same to those operations in the conventional carding system as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the surface speed of the dotfer 6 is greater than that of the card ing cylinder 4. That is, the surface speed ratio of the doffer to the carding cylinder is greater than 1. Also in order to prevent the surface speed of the doffer from becoming extremely high, the surface speed ratio of takerin/feed roller and that of carding cylinder/taker-in are maintained at lower values than those in the conventional system. This should be clear also from comparing the Tables 1 and 2.
  • the web of staple fibers on the dofler 6 is separated from the doffer surface by the action of, for example, rotating roller comb 7 and web roller 8 which are located closely to the circumference of the dolfer 6 and at the opposite side from the carding cylinder 4 relative to the center of the doffer 6.
  • the roller comb 7 is preferably mounted with the metallic wire of the structure as described in the pending application filed Aug. 26, 1968. That is, as illustrated also in the attached drawings, FIGS.
  • the roller comb is preferably mounted with a metallic wire consisting of an upper working section 12 with saw teeth on the top and a base, the height A and pitch of the teeth being, respectively, 1-10 mm. and 2-30 teeth per inch, and each tooth being of the configuration defined by a smoothly projecting curve which tangentially contacts with a line a meeting the horizontal line extending in the longitudinal direction of the metallic wire at an angle or of 150 C., and also with another line b which meets with the said horizontal line at an angle ,8 of 30 90 C.
  • the web roller 8 preferably is smooth-surfaced.
  • the surface speed ratio of taker-in to feed roller, that of carding cylinder to taker-in, and that of carding cylinder to fiats, can be suitably determined, so far as the sufiicient carding action can be exerted on the staple fibers and the surface speed of the doifer does not exceed 1,000 m./min.
  • preferred surface speed ratios between tre rollers are as follows:
  • the surface speed of the doffer is preferably within the range of 550-800 m./min. If it is less than 500 m./min. sufiicient carding of the staple fibers is difficult, and if it exceeds 1,000 m./min., the separation of web of the staple fibers from the doffer becomes difircult.
  • Tre process of this invention is applicable to all the types of staple fibers which have been conventionally subjected to the carding process, such as cotton and synthetic staple fibers including rayon staple, acrylic and polyester fibers.
  • the fibers spun from the fibrous web or sliver obtained in accordance with the subject method have greater effective length of the staple fibers compared with the fibers obtained through the conventional carding system, and also have the strength improved by 3 5%.
  • the fibers resultant from the subject method also show reduced degree of unevenness.
  • the carded slivers obtained are substantially free from the end hooks. Therefore the limitation present in the conventional process that the treating steps between the carding and fine spinning procedures must be of an odd number no more holds, but the number of the intervening steps can be freely and optionally selected.
  • the supply of the starting fiber lap can be performed at a speed as high as several times that in the conventional process. Consequently the processible quantity of the staple fibers per one carding machine can also be greatly increased.
  • slivers were formed from the same starting material with the known carding engine of the specifications as given in FIG. 1 and Table 1.
  • the production rate of the slivers in that known procedure was 10 lbs./hr.
  • the fiber nneveness was graded on the basis of points, by the following method: the sample fibers were wound on a piece of black board of approximately 230 mm. x 300 mm. in size at 1 mm. intervals, and the fiber unevenness was examined on the black board in a dark room, under the light of indirect illumination.
  • the basis of judgment was provided by the three-stages standard photographs designated by Nippon Boseki Kensa Kyokai (Japan Spinning Inspection Association), but the intermediate points were given by the visual estimation of the inspectors.
  • each five samples of the fibers at each treating step were prepared and five inspectors graded them, and the average points were calculated, counting as one fractions of more than 0.5 inclusive and cut away the rest.
  • fibers of less unevenness and higher strength can be prepared, as compared with the products which have been subjected to conventional carding system.
  • the reduction in the fi-ber unevenness achieved by the subject method is due to the improvement in the parallel orientation of the fibers in the sliver during the carding process, and the improvement in Lea strength of the fibers is caused by the elimination of hooks and improved parellelism of the fibers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US880463A 1967-09-01 1969-12-03 Method of fiber transfer in carding process Expired - Lifetime US3550214A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP42055777A JPS4825006B1 (fr) 1967-09-01 1967-09-01

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US3550214A true US3550214A (en) 1970-12-29

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US880463A Expired - Lifetime US3550214A (en) 1967-09-01 1969-12-03 Method of fiber transfer in carding process

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US (1) US3550214A (fr)
JP (1) JPS4825006B1 (fr)
CH (1) CH499634A (fr)
DE (1) DE1785238A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1578640A (fr)
GB (1) GB1232315A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3792509A (en) * 1969-06-14 1974-02-19 Daiwa Spinning Co Ltd High speed carding engine
US5226214A (en) * 1991-06-28 1993-07-13 Nicola Napolitano Drum carding machine for making non woven fabrics and natural or synthetic fiber webs

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101035937B (zh) * 2004-08-05 2011-06-22 里特机械公司 精梳机
JP6749877B2 (ja) 2017-09-26 2020-09-02 日立建機株式会社 冷却ファン制御装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3792509A (en) * 1969-06-14 1974-02-19 Daiwa Spinning Co Ltd High speed carding engine
US5226214A (en) * 1991-06-28 1993-07-13 Nicola Napolitano Drum carding machine for making non woven fabrics and natural or synthetic fiber webs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1578640A (fr) 1969-08-14
DE1785238A1 (de) 1972-01-05
JPS4825006B1 (fr) 1973-07-25
CH499634A (de) 1970-11-30
GB1232315A (fr) 1971-05-19

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