US3547628A - Process of thermoplastic deformation imaging - Google Patents

Process of thermoplastic deformation imaging Download PDF

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US3547628A
US3547628A US544643A US3547628DA US3547628A US 3547628 A US3547628 A US 3547628A US 544643 A US544643 A US 544643A US 3547628D A US3547628D A US 3547628DA US 3547628 A US3547628 A US 3547628A
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layer
image
photoconductive
weight
light
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Nikolaus E Wolff
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RCA Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/80—Television signal recording using electrostatic recording
    • H04N5/82—Television signal recording using electrostatic recording using deformable thermoplastic recording medium
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G16/00—Electrographic processes using deformation of thermoplastic layers; Apparatus therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/022—Layers for surface-deformation imaging, e.g. frost imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
    • G03G5/07—Polymeric photoconductive materials

Definitions

  • Thi invention relates to improved methods of electrostatic recording and more specifically to improved methods of and means for preparing and utilizing surface modulations on a thermoplastic photoconductive layer.
  • surface modulations on a transparent slide or film can be projected onto a viewing screen as a visible image.
  • One method for preparing surface modulated tape is described in Thermoplastic Recording by W. E. Glenn, Journal of Applied Physics, volume 30, Number 12, December 1959. Briefly this method includes writing with an electron beam onto a high-melting base film coated with a transparent conductive coating and overcoated with a thin film of lowmelting insulating thermoplastic. Writing with the electron beam lays down a charge pattern on the thermoplastic in accordance 'with the information to be stored. The film is then heated to the softening point of the thermoplastic.
  • the film is then cooled below the softening point of the thermoplastic to freeze the surface modulations.
  • a major disadvantage of this method resides in the fact that the recording steps have to be carried out in vacuum. Usually the recording film is stored on reels in a vacuum chamber and must be demounted from the vacuum before being used in a schlieren projection system. The complexity of this method of recording also makes it difficult to use the surface modulated film immediately after the record has been made.
  • Yet another object is to provide improved methods of thermoplastic recording on thermoplastic photoconductive layers.
  • a still further object is to provide improved methods of image reproduction wherein surface modulations are continuously projected as light images on a viewing screen.
  • thermoplastic photoconductive layer comprises a transparent thermoplastic photoconductive material. It is well known that the resistivity of a photoconductive layer will decrease with increasing temperature.
  • the layer has a resistivity in 3,547,628 Patented Dec. 15, 1970 darkness at its softening or melting temperature of at least 10 ohm-centimeters. In light it has a resistivity at least two orders of magnitude less than the dark resistivity.
  • An electrostatic charge image is electrophotographically produced on the surface of the layer. This may be accomplished, for example, by producing an overall electrostatic charge on the surface and then exposing the surface to incident radiation. Because of the difference in the resistivity of the layer in darkness and in light the incident radiation substantially reduces or removes completely the charge in irradiated areas, thereby forming the electrostatic image. The layer is then heated to at least its softening point, whereupon surface modulations corresponding to the charge image form on the surface.
  • the layer is allowed to cool, thereby freezing the modulations.
  • the surface modulated layer may immediately pass to a projection station, which may comprise a schlieren optical arrangement, where the surface modulation image is converted into a visible light image. Subsequent to projection, the surface modulation image can be erased by heat whereupon the layer is ready for reuse.
  • This invention also includes apparatus for producing the aforementioned surface modulations.
  • the apparatus includes means for producing a substantially uniform electrostatic charge on the surface of the thermo plastic photoconductive layer, means for producing a light image incident upon the surface of the layer, and means for heating the layer at least to its softening point.
  • an optical projection station is provided for converting the surface modulations into a projected light image.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram in elevation of apparatus for recording and projecting surface modulation images on a thermoplastic photoconductive layer in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary schematic view in cross section illustrating the formation of the surface modulation image on the layer of FIG. 1.
  • thermoplastic photoconductive insulating layer which preferably has a high degree of light transmissivity and which has a narrow temperature range over which transition occurs from the solid to a softened state and vice versa.
  • a thermoplastic photoconductive insulating layer may be prepared from the following material.
  • EXAMPLE I 27.8 parts by weight of a 36% solution of polystyrene in toluene such as, for example, a solution of Styron PS-Z produced by the Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich.
  • a chlorinated paraffin such as, for example, Chlorowax 70, manufactured by the Diamond Alkali Co., Cleveland, Ohio.
  • the 7 parts of the leuco base .of malachite green are dissolved in the polystyrene solution.
  • the remaining materials are made into a second solution comprising chlorinated paraffin dissolved in the methyl ethyl ketone.
  • the two solutions are then mixed together and coated on a suitable substrate such as, for example, conductive glass or metallized transparent film.
  • a preferred substrate comprises high quality glass such as lantern slide glass having on one surface thereof a vacuum deposited conductive film such as, for example, tin chloride.
  • the solution of Example I is applied to the conductive film by well known techniques such as, for example, flow coating, dip coating or spin coating. The solvent is then evaporated from the coating on the slide to produce thereon a thin uniform photoconductive layer.
  • a small area of the conductive film be bared of photoconductive coating to provide means for electrically contacting or grounding the conductive film.
  • Another preferred substrate comprises high-melting film such as, for example, one sold under the trademark Mylar or Cronar.
  • a conductive surface can be readily produced on such a film by vacuum deposition of a metal such as, for example, copper or aluminum.
  • a photoconductive layer can be readily produced on the metallized film by well known methods such as, 'for example, roll coating, flow coating or dip coating. Once the coating on the film is dried, a highly flexible photoconductive film is provided.
  • Heat may be applied to a photoconductive layer on a metallized glass or film substrate to accelerate the drying thereof. Once dried, continued heating for from two to three minutes at a temperature of about 180 C. will produce a faint green tint in the clear coating.
  • the layer on the substrate When prepared in this manner, the layer on the substrate will have maximum photoconductive response to visible light of about 6300 A. and will have another response peak at about 4200 A. It will also have a relatively sharp thermoplastic transition point at about 50 centigrade.
  • Surface modulations can be produced on the layer of Example I by employing electrostatic printing techniques.
  • One specific method includes the following steps:
  • Electrostatic charging With the substrate of example I grounded or on a grounded plate, a substantially uniform electrostatic charge is applied to the layer by passing thereoyer a corona generating device which includes at least one fine wire to which is applied a potential of about 25,600 volts.
  • Some photoconductive layers are more efficiently charged with negative polarity, others with positive polarity. However, with respect to the photoconductive layers specifically described herein either polarity of charge may be employed with about equal efficiency. This step is carried out in darkness or in safe light to which the layer is insensitive.
  • Exposing-With a photographic transparency resting on the layer it is exposed for about one second to about 200 foot candles of light from a tungsten lamp to produce an electrostatic image consisting of charged areas on the layer which correspond to the dark areas of the transparency. Exposure time can be substantially decreased by increasing the light intensity. Projection exposure techniques can be employed with equal facility.
  • Developing.A visible surface modulated image is produced on the layer by heating it and its substrate for about 3 to seconds at a temperature of about 140 centigrated which will raise the temperature of the layer to at least 50 centigrated. Time and temperature are not critical in this step so long as temperature and/or time are not sufficient to discharge the layer before surface modulations are produced.
  • Surface modulations can be simply produced by placing the layer and its substrate on a hot plate (140 C.) and observing the layer while it is illuminated with low-angle safe-light (yellow). As soon as ripples are seen to form on the surface of the layer it is removed from the hot plate and allowed to cool whereby a surface modulation image freezes in the layer.
  • the layer and substrate may be removed from the hot plate and contacted to a metal plate which will function as a heat sink to accelerate freezing of the surface modulated image.
  • the freezing step will require only about one-half the time required to develop the surface modulation image.
  • the foregoing surface modulated layer can be prepared for re-use by simply heating the layer at a temperature above its softening or melting point until the surface modulations disappear.
  • An alternative method for producing surface modulations includes the charging step and combines the exposing step and developing steps described heretofore.
  • the exposure light source in this method is one chosen to produce sufiicient light of a wavelength to which the photoconductive layer is sensitive while at the same time producing sufficient infra red to heat the layer to at least its softening temperature.
  • Some light sources for this purpose may require more time for properly heating the layer than for producing the latent electrostatic image, thus resulting in overexposure.
  • exposure time can be lengthened by using appropriate filters to cut out a portion of the light to which the layer is sensitive. In this way, exposure time and heating time can be appropriately balanced to provide for producing the latent electrostatic image and the surface modulation image in a single step.
  • the layer can be exposed to a light source for a time sufficient to produce an electrostatic image thereon and simultaneously exposed to a separate infra red source for a time sulficient to produce the surface modulation image thereon.
  • an endless belt 11 is carried on four rollers 13, 15, 17 and 19.
  • rollers 13, 15, 17 and 19 may be driven by any suitable means, such as motor 14, to transport the belt 11 in the direction of the arrow 21.
  • the endless belt 11 preferably comprises a suitable substrate such as, for example, a copper coated, or aluminized transparent film 23- on which a photoconductive thermoplastic layer 25 such as that described in EX- ample I has been laid down.
  • a substantially uniform electrostatic charge is produced on the photoconductive layer 25 as it passes under a corona generating source 28.
  • This source 28 may comprise an array of fine parallel wires 27 supported in a shield 29.
  • the wires 27 are connected to a high voltage source 31 and a :5,000 or more volts are applied to the wires 27 to generate thereby corona for charging the photoconductive layer 25.
  • Charging will be enhanced if, during generation of corona, the metallized film 23 is at ground potential. This can be easily accomplished by maintaining in contact with the exposed surface of the photoconductive layer 25 a grounded conductive roller 33. For best results, the conductive roller should be close to the wires 27. A spacing of inch or less from the nearest wires 27 will provide good results.
  • the conductive roller 33 and the shield 27 can comprise an integrated structure both being maintained at ground potential.
  • a strip along one edge of the transparent film 23 can be bare of the photoconductive layer 25.
  • a grounded conductive wheel replaces the conductive roller 33 and is maintained in conductive contact with the bared strip of the transparent film 23.
  • the photoconductive layer 25 next passes to an exposure station where it is exposed to a light image from an ordinary projector 35.
  • the electrostatic charge in all areas of the photoconductive layer struck by light is substantially reduced or dissipated. In this way, a latent electrostatic image is formed on the photoconductive layer 25.
  • the photoconductive layer is passed through a heating zone.
  • this zone includes dielectric heating elements 37 connected to a suitable radio frequency source 39.
  • heating could be accomplished by other means such as a hot filament, radiant heat or hot air.
  • the photoconductive layer is heated at least up to its softening point, the surface thereof becomes modulated as depicted in much exaggerated form in FIG. 2.
  • the charges cause depressions to form in the surface of the layer. Such depressions are illustrated at 41 and 43.
  • FIG. 2 also shows in detail how a strip 23' of the metallized surface of the transparent film 23 can be left bare so that a conductive wheel can be contacted thereto.
  • the endless belt 11 passes out of the heating zone formed by the dielectric heating elements 37, it quickly becomes cooled to ambient temperature and the surface modulations on the photoconductive layer are frozen in place. Cooling of the belt 11 can be accelerated if the roller 17 is formed of heat conductive material such as, for example, copper so that it can function as a heat sink for the belt 11.
  • schlieren optic projector 45 This projector will include, for example, a point light source 47, a slotted baflle 49, a condensing lens 51, a grid of bars 53 in registry with the slots in the bafile 49 and a projection lens 55.
  • schlieren optic systems There are several well known schlieren optic systems which could be employed in the apparatus of FIG. 1. For a more complete description of schlieren optic projection, reference is made to U.S. Pat. 2,644,938 to M. Hetzel et al.
  • the surface modulations on the photoconductive layer 25 cause a visible light image to be projected onto a viewing screen 57.
  • the surface modulated photoconductive layer 25 When the surface modulated photoconductive layer 25 has served its purpose in the projector 45, it may again be heated to a temperature above its softening point to erase the surface modulations therefrom. To this end, additional dielectric heating elements 37' connected to the source 39 are provided. Complete erasure of the surface modulations from the photoconductive layer may require a higher temperature or a longer heating cycle than that produced by heating element 37.
  • the endless belt is ready to be recycled to produce another schlieren projected image.
  • movement of the endless belt 11 is desirably controlled by a start-stop cycling means 61.
  • Such control is desirable in the case where images projected on to the screen 57 are viewed for dilferent periods of time than required for exposure of the electrostatic images.
  • control can provide for regulation of exposure from projector 35, and for regulation of heating with the RF heating elements 37 and 37.
  • the drive motor 14 thus provides frame by frame movement of the endless belt 11. During such movement, the endless belt 11 passes under the charging wires 27 and the photoconductive layer 25 becomes electrostatically charged. Since this layer 25 is a good insulator in darkness, it will retain its charge until struck by light from the projector 35.
  • the endless belt 11 is stopped during exposure to a light image from the projector 35. During this exposure, an image being viewed on the screen 57 may be retained for a time in excess of that required for complete exposure of the frame which is at rest under the projector 35.
  • the cycling means 61 is coupled to the shutter or light source of the projector to provide an exposure time within a range of from about 0.1 to 10 seconds depending on the intensity of the light source in the projector 35. Again, due to the high dark resistivity of the photoconductive layer 25, the electrostatic image produced thereon by exposure will be retained for a considerable length of time.
  • the exposed frame of the photoconductive layer next passes between the RF heating elements 37 and comes to rest therebetween.
  • the elements 37 are preferably of a size to heat one complete frame at a time. Excessive heating at this time would dissipate the charge image on the photoconductive layer 25.
  • switching means 63 is provided in the RF heating circuit controlled by the cycling means 61. RF energy may be applied to the heating elements 37 for only a fraction of a second and then cut off whereby the photoconductive layer 25 is quickly heated and cooled to produce and freeze, it situ, a surface modulated image on the photoconductive layer. This surface modulated image is then cycled to move into the schlieren projector 45 for viewing on the screen 57.
  • the image frame is next cycled to pass from the schlieren projector 45 into the space between the RF heating elements 37'.
  • heat will generally be applied to the photoconductive layer 25 for a time in excess of that employed to produce the surface modulated image in order that complete erasure thereof may be ensured.
  • Control for this purpose is provided by switching means 63' in the RF heating circuit controlled by the cycling means 61.
  • Suitable resinous materials include the following:
  • l-Chlorinated paraffins such as Chlorowax 70, Diamond Alkali Co., Cleveland, Ohio 2Polyvinyl chloride 3-Polyvinyl chloride copolymers, such as Vinylite VAGH, 91% vinyl chloride, 3% vinyl acetate, and
  • 1% dibasic acid 4Polystyrene 5Styrene butadiene copolymers such as Pliolite S-S, The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio; Piccotex 120, Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Co., Clairton, Pa. 6Hydrocarbon resins such as Piccotex 120, Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Co., Clairton, Pa. 7-Acrylates and Acrylic copolymers, such as Acryloid A-lOl, Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 8-Epoxy resins, such as Epon 1002, Shell Chemical Co.,
  • thermoplastic layers Various combinations of resinous materials can be employed to provide enhanced flexibility in the thermoplastic layers.
  • resinous materials can be employed to provide enhanced flexibility in the thermoplastic layers.
  • mixtures of polyvinyl chloride with chlorinated paraflins or hydrocarbon terpene resins will provide highly flexible layers.
  • the suitable dye intermediates have the basic E I formula: N-O-O- -N X R1O(:JOR2 (7) Bis (4,4'-ethyl-benzylaminophenyl)phenyl meth- Y ane wherein R and R are selected from the class consisting of monoalkylamino, di-alkylamino, mono-arylamino, and alkylarylamino; X is selected from the class consisting of H, C2H5 02H /C2H5 H CH2 wherein R is seletced from the class consisting of H, OH,CH ,OCH ,R and O Q s) Bis 4,4' dimethylaminophenyl) 2",4" dihy- R droxyphenyl methane 5 wherein R and R are selected from the class consisting of H, OH, CH and OCH and Y is H except when X+Y is double bonded oxygen.
  • R and R are selected from the class consisting of H,
  • Suitable dye intermediates which conform to the above basic formula include the following: CH CH (1) The leuco base of chrystal violet, tris-(4,4',4-dimethylaminophenyl) methane CH3 i E 40 (9) Bis-(4,4'-morpholinophenyl)phenyl methane H2 H2 H2 H2 4 /CO ⁇ I /c-o ⁇ N- J N l H 0-0 ofia 1h CH3 H2 H2 H2 H2 Bis eimethylaminophenyl) methyl (10) Tris-(4,4',4"-phenylaminophenyl)methane phenyl methane (3) Bis (4,4 dimethylaminophenyl) 4" hydroxy- (11) Bis (4,4-ethylphenylaminophenyl)phenyl meth- 35 ane 02115 0211,, (4) Bis- (4,4-dimethylaminophenyl) methane CH3 H 011 1'1
  • the proportion of dye intermediate to resinous material may vary over a wide range.
  • the choice of resinous material as well as the dye intermediate can change the optimum ratio for a given use.
  • 0.8 parts by weight or less of dye intermediate for each part by weight of resinous material can be employed.
  • the color of a photoconductive film or coating may not be of major concern.
  • up to 1.4 parts by weight or more of dye intermediate for each part by weight of resinous material may be employed.
  • the solubility of a particular dye intermediate in a particular resin should also be taken into consideration. In some instances, if a solution is prepared containing too much dye intermediate the excess thereof will, upon drying, crystallize out of solution which generally is undesirable.
  • compositions which can beused to form transparent photoconductive layers exhibiting thermoplastic properties which are useful in the same manner as described in connection with Example I include the following solutions:
  • styrene-butadiene copolymer such as, for example, Pliolite S-5B by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio dissolved in 42.0 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone.
  • a layer made from this solution has a softening temperature of about 55 to 57 C.
  • EXAMPLE III 2.5 parts by weight of bis-.(4,4'-dimethyl-aminophenyl) phenyl methane and 5.0 parts by weight of styrene-butadiene copolymer (Pliolite S5D) dissolved in 42.0 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone.
  • a layer made from this solution has a softening temperature of about 56 to 58 C.
  • EXAMPLE IV 1.5 parts by weight of bis-(4,4-dimethy1-aminophenyl) phenyl methane and 5.0 parts by weight of styrene-butadiene copolymer (Pliolite S-S dissolved in 42.0 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone.
  • a layer made from this solution has a softening point of about 54 to 56 C.
  • EXAMPLE V 1.0 part by weight of tris-(4,44"-dimethyl-aminophenyl) methane and 12 5 .0 parts by weight of styrene-butadiene copolymer (Pliolite S-5 dissolved in 42.0 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone.
  • a layer made from this solution has a softening point of about 85 to 87 C.
  • EXAMPLE VI 1.0 part by weight of tris-(4,4',4"-dimethylaminophenyl) methane and 5.0 parts by weight of hydrocarbon resin such as, for example, Piccotex P-120, Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp., Clairton, Pa.
  • a polyvinyl chloride copolymer such as, for example, GEON 400X-110, B. F. Goodrich Chemical Co., Akron, Ohio dissolved in 50.6 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone.
  • a layer made from this solution has a softening point of about 50 to 52 C.
  • EXAMPLE VII 2.5 parts by weight of bis-(4,4'-dimethyl-aminophenyl phenyl) methane and 5.0 parts by weight of a high styrene copolymer such as, for example, Marbon-9200 LLV, Marbon Chemical Co., a division of Borg-Warner Corp., Gary, Ind.
  • a high styrene copolymer such as, for example, Marbon-9200 LLV, Marbon Chemical Co., a division of Borg-Warner Corp., Gary, Ind.
  • a vinyl chloride copolymer such as, for example, Vinylite VYCM, Union Carbide Plastics Co., a division of Union Carbide Corp., New York, N.Y.
  • a layer made from this solution has a softening point ofabout 50 C.
  • EXAMPLE VIII 1.0 part by weight of tris-(4,44"-dimethyl-aminophenyl) methane and 5.0 parts by weight of a high styrene copolymer ,(Marbon M-l 100 TMV) and 1.6 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride copolymer GEON 400X110) 5 dissolved in 50.0 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone.
  • a layer made from this solution has a softening point of about 48 to 50 C.
  • EXAMPLE IX 1.0 part by weight of bis (4,4' dimethyl-aminophenyl) phenyl methane and 50.0 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone.
  • a layer made from this solution has a softening point of about 40 C.
  • EXAMPLE X 1.0 part by weight of tris-(4,44"-dimethyl-aminophenyl) methane and 5.0 parts by weight of a polystyrene resin such as, for
  • Styron PS-2 The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich.
  • a layer made from this solution has a softening point of about 52 C.
  • EXAMPLE XI 1.0 part by weight of tris-(4,4'4"-dimethyl-aminophenyl) methane and 5.0 parts by weight of polystyrene resin (Styron PS-2) and 1.6 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride coploymer (GEON 400X-l l) dissolved in 50.0 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone.
  • a layer made from this solution has a softening point of about 47 C.
  • EXAMPLE XII 1.0 part by weight of tri-(4,4'4"-dimethyl-aminophenyl) methane and 5.0 parts by weight of a hydrocarbon resin (Piccotex and 1.6 parts by weight of a vinyl chloride copolymer (Vinylite VM'CH) dissolved in 50.0 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone.
  • a layer made from this solution has a softening point of about 63 to 65 C.
  • modifying agents may be added to the foregoing compositions to vary the physical properties or appearance thereof provided they do not interfere with the electrical properties. Flexibility can be enhanced, for example, by including in a composition, such as that of Example I, a small amount of a plasticizer, such as, for example, tricresyl phosphate, butyl phthalylbutyl-glycolate, tris-(2,3-dibromo-propyl)phosphate, or di-(Z-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
  • a plasticizer such as, for example, tricresyl phosphate, butyl phthalylbutyl-glycolate, tris-(2,3-dibromo-propyl)phosphate, or di-(Z-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
  • Such a composition can be coated on a flexible substrate or can be formed into self-supporting flexible films.
  • a self-supporting film may be produced by flow-coating a mirror-finish metal plate with the composition to form a photoconductive coating on the plate. The coating is then physically stripped from the plate and thus provides a self-supporting photoconductive film. Additional solvents can also be added, such as, for example, toluene to produce the desired coating thickness of the dry finished thermoplastic photoconductive layer.
  • compositions When a composition is prepared wherein a dye intermediate is dissolved in a non-halogenated resin, enhanced photoconductive response can often be obtained or at least ensured by including in the composition at least a trace amount of a compatible non-volatile halogenated compound such as, for example, tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate or any compatible chlorinated hydrocarbon.
  • a compatible non-volatile halogenated compound such as, for example, tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate or any compatible chlorinated hydrocarbon.
  • compositions contemplated herein when coated on a substrate or formed into a film, may have a tendency to form color which may be undesirable under some circumstances. Color formation in a film or coating can be substantially retarded by including in the compositions a small amount of stabilizer for the dye intermediate thereof.
  • a suitable stabilizer is one having the formula (Therrnolite 20, Metal and Thermit Corp., Rahway, N.J.). Other materials such as pyrocatechol, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone, and 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone may also be used.
  • Some compositions including such a stabilizer will remain substantially colorless for a considerable time unless subjected to intense ultra-violet radiation.
  • a method of strong information comprising providing a recording element consisting essentially of a single layer of a transparent material that is both thermoplastic and photoconductive and having a resistivity in darkness at its softening temperature of at least 10 ohm cm. and in light a resistivity of at least 2 orders of magnitude less than said resistivity in darkness, electrophotographically producing a latent electrostatic image on a surface of said layer by the combination of steps of providing said layer with an electrostatic charge and exposing said layer to an image of light and shadow, thereby neutralizing the charges in the light struck areas of said image by the action of the light on said layer, heating said layer to at least said softening temperature to produce surface modulations in the form of ripples thereon in conformity with said electrostatic image, wherein the depressed portions of said ripples correspond to charge-retaining areas of said image and raised portions of said ripples correspond to image areas where the charge has drained off, and cooling said layer to freezer said ripples in place.
  • said latent electrostatic image is formed by first providing a surface of said layer with a substantially uniform electrostatic charge and then exposing said layer to said image of light and shadow.
  • a method of reproducing visible images of light and shadow comprising a transparent layer of material that is both thermoplastic and photoconductive and which has a resistivity in darkness of at least 10 ohm cm. at the softening temperature of said layer and a resistivity in light of at least 2 orders of magnitude less than said resistivity in darkness, electrophotographically forming a latent electrostatic image on a surface of said layer by the combined steps of providing said layer with an electrostatic charge and exposing said layer to an image of light and shadow, thereby neutralizing the charges on the light-struck areas of said images by the action of the light on said layer, heating said layer to at least said softening temperature to produce surface modulations in the form of ripples thereon in conformity with said electrostatic image, wherein the depressed portions of said ripples correspond to charge-retaining areas of said image and raised portions of said ripples correspond to image areas where the charge has drained off, cooling said layer to freeze said ripples, and converting said ripples into a visible projected image by projecting light through said layer.
  • the method for storing information on a deformable medium in an image pattern which comprises electrostatically charging a thermoplastically deformable photoconductive medium to establish a uniform charge pattern on its surface, selectively discharging portions of the uniform pattern by activating radiation to yield a latent electric charge image pattern, and heating the deformable medium to reduce the viscosity thereof and produce physical deformations corresponding to the latent electric charge image pattern by forces resulting from said latent electric charge image pattern.
  • the method for storing information on a deformable medium in an image pattern which comprises e1ectrostatically charging a thermoplastically deformable photoconductive medium to establish a uniform charge pattern on its surface, selectively discharging portions of the uniform pattern by exposure to a light image in accordance with the light intensity variations of an image to yield a latent electric charge image pattern, and heating the deformable medium to reduce the viscosity thereof and produce physical deformations corresponding to the latent electric charge image pattern by forces resulting from said latent electric charge image pattern.
  • the method for storing information on a deformable medium in an image pattern which comprises electrostatically charging a composite recording member comprising a thermoplastic film having a photoconductive material incorporated therein to establish a uniform charge pattern on the surface of the thermoplastic film, selectively discharging portions of the uniform pattern by activating radiation to yield a latent electric charge image pattern, and heating the thermoplastic film to reduce the viscosity thereof and produce physical deformations corresponding to the latent electric charge image pattern by forces resulting from said latent electric charge image pattern.

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  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
US544643A 1961-05-01 1966-03-28 Process of thermoplastic deformation imaging Expired - Lifetime US3547628A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3673597A (en) * 1970-04-02 1972-06-27 Ncr Co Method and apparatus for recording and/or displaying images utilizing thermomagnetically sensitive microscopic capsules
US3692404A (en) * 1970-10-29 1972-09-19 Corrsin Lester Strippable layer relief printing
US3795009A (en) * 1970-06-17 1974-02-26 Bell & Howell Co Information recording methods, apparatus and media using deformable magnetized materials
US3997343A (en) * 1971-01-27 1976-12-14 Gaf Corporation Material for electrostatic recording
US4077803A (en) * 1975-12-01 1978-03-07 Sperry Rand Corporation Low charge-voltage frost recording on a photosensitive thermoplastic medium
US4083054A (en) * 1974-11-25 1978-04-04 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Recording or erasure of images on thermoplastic material
US4286864A (en) * 1978-01-31 1981-09-01 Bell & Howell Company Photoplastic film recording and monitoring apparatus
US4583833A (en) * 1984-06-07 1986-04-22 Xerox Corporation Optical recording using field-effect control of heating
US4757472A (en) * 1986-12-31 1988-07-12 Tecon Memory, Inc. Electrophotographic optical memory system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3055006A (en) * 1961-01-24 1962-09-18 Ibm High density, erasable optical image recorder
US3113179A (en) * 1957-11-22 1963-12-03 Gen Electric Method and apparatus for recording
US3155503A (en) * 1959-02-26 1964-11-03 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Electrophotographic material
US3291601A (en) * 1960-12-29 1966-12-13 Gen Electric Process of information storage on deformable photoconductive medium

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3113179A (en) * 1957-11-22 1963-12-03 Gen Electric Method and apparatus for recording
US3155503A (en) * 1959-02-26 1964-11-03 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Electrophotographic material
US3291601A (en) * 1960-12-29 1966-12-13 Gen Electric Process of information storage on deformable photoconductive medium
US3055006A (en) * 1961-01-24 1962-09-18 Ibm High density, erasable optical image recorder

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3673597A (en) * 1970-04-02 1972-06-27 Ncr Co Method and apparatus for recording and/or displaying images utilizing thermomagnetically sensitive microscopic capsules
US3795009A (en) * 1970-06-17 1974-02-26 Bell & Howell Co Information recording methods, apparatus and media using deformable magnetized materials
US3692404A (en) * 1970-10-29 1972-09-19 Corrsin Lester Strippable layer relief printing
US3997343A (en) * 1971-01-27 1976-12-14 Gaf Corporation Material for electrostatic recording
US4083054A (en) * 1974-11-25 1978-04-04 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Recording or erasure of images on thermoplastic material
US4077803A (en) * 1975-12-01 1978-03-07 Sperry Rand Corporation Low charge-voltage frost recording on a photosensitive thermoplastic medium
US4286864A (en) * 1978-01-31 1981-09-01 Bell & Howell Company Photoplastic film recording and monitoring apparatus
US4583833A (en) * 1984-06-07 1986-04-22 Xerox Corporation Optical recording using field-effect control of heating
US4757472A (en) * 1986-12-31 1988-07-12 Tecon Memory, Inc. Electrophotographic optical memory system

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DE1203607B (de) 1965-10-21
GB1006318A (en) 1965-09-29
SE315805B (forum.php) 1969-10-06

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