Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G67/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only
  • C10G67/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
  • C10G67/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
  • C10G67/0409—Extraction of unsaturated hydrocarbons
  • C10G67/0445—The hydrotreatment being a hydrocracking
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
  • C10G2400/10—Lubricating oil

Definitions

• Lubricating oils which can be defined in general as those hydrocarbon materials which boil above 600 F., are presently produced by two principal methods.
• the first, which produces straight-run lubricating oils, may include steps of distillation of a crude oil, solvent refining, solvent dewaxing, acid treating and clay contacting. Solvent refining is generally employed to separate the lubricating oil components from the other components of the distilled oil.
• the second method is somewhat similar to the first but substitutes mild hydrofining or hydrofinishing for one or more of the steps of solvent refining, acid treating or clay contacting.
• Hydrofining or hydrofinishing is a process wherein the contaminants in the crude distillate are converted, by contacting with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenating catalyst, to easily removable or harmless species. Only minimal cracking occurs during hydrofining.
• lubricating oils may also be produced by hydrocracking.
• a heavy petroleum oil is contacted with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst; and the hydrocracked product (which is often termed the hydrocrackate) is separated, usually by distillation, into materials boiling in different temperature ranges. One or more of these materials will boil within the lubricating oil boiling range.
• DMF N,N-dimethy1- formamide
• DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
• Treating is conducted at temperatures of 0250 F, and pressures of about atmospheric up to about 10 atmospheres. Room temperature and pressure of about 0-100 p.s.i.g. are preferred. Treating may be single stage or multistage. Solvent-to-oil ratios are 0.255.0 volumes of solvent per volume of feed. Use of this treating step allows production of highly stable oil in yields of or greater.
• the process of this invention is a process for producing hydrocracked lube oils which are stable in the presence of ultraviolet light. Any hydrocarbon oil having a substantial portion boiling above 750 F. may be hydrocracked in this process and converted to lubricating oil. Preferred feeds are lubricating oil stocks boiling above 900 F., although crude oils, reduced crudes, residual oils, deasphalted oils, and the like, may also be used.
• the temperature of conversion is above 850 F., catalytic hydrocracking is minimized and the predominant reaction is thermal cracking.
• the actual operating temperature will depend on the type of feed processed and its viscosity index, the viscosity index of the lubricating oil product desired, and the degree of conversion required to produce the desired viscosity index increase. It is usually found that feedstocks which contain higher proportions of aromatics require higher degrees of conversion which may be accomplished by hydrocracking at a high temperature, low space velocity, or any combination of relatively more severe conditions within the acceptable ranges described above.
• Such catalysts can be prepared in a number of ways, including preparing the porous carrier first and then impregnating it with solutions of the metal compounds which are later converted to metal oxides by calcining.
• Particularly good catalysts for use in the hydrocracking step can be prepared by coprecipitation or cogelation techniques wherein all of the components are initially supplied as dissolved compounds in aqueous solutions and coprecipitated together.
• Zeolitic-supported hydrocracking catalysts may also be used.
• the contacting of the oil and treating agent occurs in what, for convenience, will herein be termed the stabilization step.
• the stabilization step as defined in this process, may be a single contacting step or a plurality of contacting steps in series. In general, the single step procedure is preferred.
• the treating agent as defined in the claims, comprises an extractive selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, aqueous solutions of N,N-dimethylformamide, and aqueous solutions of dimethylsulfoxide. It is preferred that if aqueous solutions are used the concentration of the DMF or DMSO in the solution not be less than 70 volume percent, and a volume percent minimum is more preferred.
• Suitable diluents are the C -C paraflins, particularly butane or pentane. Of these two, butane is preferred, because it is more easily separated from the treated oil and recovered. Further, excess butane is more often available in oil refineries than is excess pentane. Use of this diluent should not be confused with the provision stated above that minor portions of other materials may be present in the treating agent.
• the diluent is an essentially inert material used only to reduce the viscosity of the oil to be stabilized and it may be present in any amount required to provide adequate viscosity reduction.
• a small amount of DMF or DMSO may remain in the treated oil following the contacting and subsequent separation of the oil and treating agent. This is not harmful to the oil as long as the residue of DMF or DMSO is not too high. For instance, an oil with 100 p.p.m. residual DMF had 10 hours of ultraviolet light stability prior to precipitation, while one with 500 p.p.m. had 12 hours stability.
• hydrocracked oil contains waxy components
• these may be removed by conventional dewaxing procedures, such as solvent dewaxing.
• Dewaxing may occur before or after the stabilization step described in this specification.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Country Status (7)

Cited By (3)

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Citations (5)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1968
  • 1968-07-24 US US747101A patent/US3546098A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1969
  • 1969-07-15 CA CA057092A patent/CA923060A/en not_active Expired
  • 1969-07-17 FR FR696924402A patent/FR2013585B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1969-07-23 DE DE19691937337 patent/DE1937337A1/de active Pending
  • 1969-07-23 GB GB1231329D patent/GB1231329A/en not_active Expired
  • 1969-07-23 SE SE10377/69A patent/SE363842B/xx unknown
  • 1969-07-24 NL NL6911407A patent/NL6911407A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (5)

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